非謂語動詞講解(超全).doc

高二升高三 英語 主講 Linda非謂語動詞講解非謂語動詞: a.動詞不定式 b.動名詞 c.分詞( 現(xiàn)在分詞 過去分詞)概述：1.謂語動詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動詞2.非謂語動詞：是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分非謂語動詞使用條件一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.動詞不定式一動詞不定式的時態(tài)和被動形式動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種，由不定式符號(to)加動詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式的形式有五種：1 一般式to do 例如：I like to read English.2 進(jìn)行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.3 完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.4 被動式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon.5 完成被動式to have been done例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.二. 動詞不定式的用法I.作主語 (1)不定式做主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.(2)注：常用it做形式主語，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + 謂語 + to do It takes us an hour _to_ get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to do Its our duty _to_ help the poor.It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains.句型3： It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ）It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.II.作賓語 接不定式做賓語I want to know this matter.I dont expect to meet you here(1)常見動詞有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish等They wanted _to get_( get ) on the bus, didnt they? He said he wished _to be_( be ) a professor.(2)it作形式賓語I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with himSubject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it+adj/n + to do sth. 1.Wethought_it_better_to_startearly. 2.Doyouconsider_it_betternot_to_go?3.Ifeel_it_myduty_to_changeallthat. 4.We think it _ important _ to _ obey the law.5.I know _ it _ impossible _ to _ finish so much homework in a day.(3)常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語的動詞:tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain, know, discover, He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book.I havent decided whether to go or stay. 下列詞接動名詞和不定式均可，但意義不同的動詞：stop to do 停下來去做 stop doing 停止做forget to do 忘記要做 forget doing 忘記做過remember to do 記得要做 remember doing 記得做過regret to do 遺憾要做 regret doing 后悔做過try to do 企圖做，盡力做 try doing 試著做go on to do 繼續(xù)做（另一件事） go on doing 繼續(xù)做（同一件事）mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做In some parts of London, missing a bus means _A_ for another hour.A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waitingBoys, dont forget _D_ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to closeShe reached the top of the hill and stopped _C_ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. restRemember _A_ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off(4)在cannot but, cannot choose/help but 之后接不帶to的不定式I have no choice but _to wait_.（wait）“前有do,后無to”I cant do anything but _go_ (go )out with her.III.作賓語補(bǔ)足語1. Illgetsomeone_to_repairtherecorderforyou. 2. Whatcausedhim_to_changehismind? advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish, want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb. to do注意：（1）在動詞feel （一感），hear, listen to（二聽），have, let, make（三讓），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室兩廳一感覺)等后面的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，必須帶to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(2)help后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to. I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things. He is often heard _to sing_(sing) the song. Though he often made his deskmate _cry_(cry), today he was made _to cry_(cry) by his deskmate.IV作定語I have something to tell you. (不定式作定語)1) 不定式與它所修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系 Do you have anything to wash today?2) 不定式用來說明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容 I have no chance to go there.3) 被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語 She is always the last to leave the room.4) 不定式為不及物動詞且和所修飾的名詞是動賓關(guān)系時，須加介詞 1.The house is not big enough for us all_A_.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _A_?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something important to say. Please find a piece of paper to write on （寫上）4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen to write with （寫）V.作狀語 不定式作狀語可以表示目的、原因、結(jié)果。I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there. 對比To learn English well, he needs a good dictionary.To learn English well, a good dictionary is needed.To get there in time, he told me to get up early.不定式的主動形式表示被動意義I have something important to do. In the accident, the driver was to blame.This question is difficult to answer. The box is not easy to carry. 動名詞一. 動名詞的基本構(gòu)成主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been doneNo one likes being laughed at.I dont remember having ever been given a chance to do it.二.動名詞的功用 Smoking does great harm to peoples health.（作主語） My job is looking after children.（作表語） I have finished reading the novel.（作賓語） We have got a swimming pool in our school.（做定語）It is no use crying. It is no good objecting常見的動詞有：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, deny, excuse, finish, imagine, include, keep(on), mind, , practice, miss, resist.短語: be/get used to ,cant help/stop, cant stand , give up, feel like, look forward to, get down to,have difficulty/trouble (in),be busy (in),put offe.g.She sat there without _speaking_ (speak) I look forward to_seeing_ (see) him again.Are you used to _live_ (live) there alone? When my father heard the news, he couldnt help _laughing_ (laugh).I dont feel like _going_ (go) to see the film. He was busy _preparing_ (prepare) his lessons主動表被動: The room wants _cleaning_ (clean). The method needs _improving_ (improve). This pair of shoes require _mending_ (mend). The problem needs_working out_ (work out). The question is well worth _discussing_ (discuss)d）動詞 “l(fā)ike, love, hate, prefer”后接動名詞表示“習(xí)慣性動作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具體動作”。當(dāng)用在 should, would之后時，只跟不定式。例如：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon. What would you like to eat tonight?動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞前可以加一個 物主代詞或 名詞所有格來表示 這個動名詞邏輯上的主語 ，構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動名詞短語a.動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時一般用名詞所有格或形容詞性的物主代詞。例如： Nixons visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations.尼克松訪問中國標(biāo)志著中美外交關(guān)系進(jìn)入一個新的時代Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.b. 在口語和非正式語體中，只要不是作主語，動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語常采用名詞通格或人稱代詞賓格。例如： The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.分詞（一）分詞的作用 現(xiàn)在分詞表示：主動，動作正在進(jìn)行。過去分詞表示：被動，動作已經(jīng)完成。1作定語Do you know the boy standing at the gate?Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？2作表語We are excited at the news.The news he told us is exciting.3作賓語補(bǔ)足語I heard him singing a song in the classroom.We found the ground covered with snow.4作狀語While lying in bed, he listened to some music.Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，否則分詞前面必須有自己的主語。現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.(When they heard the bad news)3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. (If they had been given more attention)4. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. (Because he was so angry)They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. (and they were singing laughing)To serve the people well, I study hard. (In order to serve the people well)（二）分詞的時態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞分一般式和完成式，而過去分詞則沒有時態(tài)形式的變化?，F(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生。例如：Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時，表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前,常用作狀語。例如：Having finished his homework, he went to bed.（三）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式被動一般式 being done 被動完成式 having been doneThis is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city. Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.（四）分詞的否定形式分詞的否定式，由not+分詞構(gòu)成，例如：Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.（五）分詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，帶邏輯主語的分詞短語成為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句法功能上起狀語作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.The meeting being over, they all left the room.Given more time, we could do it better.The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.She stood there, book in hand.Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.由There being +主語 這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight.因為有許多書要讀，他經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。with + 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（1）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞 Dont speak with your mouth full.（2）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 副詞 The square looks more beautiful than ever with the lights on.（3）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 介詞短語 He was asleep with his head on his arms.（4）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -ing分詞She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.（5）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 不定式 With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.（6）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -en分詞 With his matter settled, we left the room.【2012全國卷II】 Tony lent me the money, _ that Id do as much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped【答案】A【2012全國卷II】 The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy_ anything that happened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched【答案】A【2012安徽】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 【答案】B【2012安徽】30. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked【答案】B【2012重慶】23. _to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked【答案】A【2012重慶】28. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _at the meeting will influence the future of our company.A. to be made B. being madeC. made D. having been made【答案】A【2012全國】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit【答案】A【2012全國】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to【答案】D【2012北京】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting【答案】D【2012北京】27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use【答案】C【2012北京】31. _ at the door before you enter my room, please.A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock【答案】A【2012福建】28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _ in the South China Sea. A. attacking B. having attacking C. being attacked D. having been attacked【答案】C【2012福建】34. Pressed from his parents, and _ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized【答案】A【2012陜西】15. _ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand【答案】A【2012陜西】22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet【答案】D【2012山東】26. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him.A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 【答案】A【2012山東】35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _.A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide 【答案】B【2012湖南】21. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success.A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do 【答案】C【2012湖南】23. Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to use B. used C. using D. use【答案】B【2012湖南】31. The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. starting B. being starting C. to start D. to be started【答案】A【2012天津】11. He got up late and hurried to his office, _ the breakfast untouched.A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left【答案】C【2012江西】33. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _ to the new students.A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken【答案】C【2012江西】35. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it.A. offered B. offe