基礎(chǔ)綜合英語邱東林版答案.pdf

Test 1 Part II. Vocabulary Section A :21-25 C B A D D 26-30 C C B D B Section B: 31-35 B C A C A 36-40 D C D B A Part III. Cloze Test 41-45 B D A C C 46-50 A B D C A Part IV Reading Comprehension 51-54 C D C A 55-58 C D B B 59-62 B A C D 63-66 A C D A 67-70 C A B C Part V Translation Section A 第一次化學(xué)革命帶來的眾多方便設(shè)施使現(xiàn)代生活變了樣， 150 年后的今天， 一場新的化學(xué)革命正在醞釀之中。 這場 21 世紀的革命-被稱為綠色化學(xué)-是對環(huán)保費用和經(jīng)濟成本的一種反 應(yīng)， 這兩者通常是這種變革潛在的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。 綠色化學(xué)的根本理念在于： 一種化學(xué)品的設(shè)計師應(yīng)負責(zé)考慮該化學(xué)品投入使 用后對世界會產(chǎn)生什么影響。 通過從根本上重新思考化工產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計， 大學(xué)和私營企業(yè)的綠色化學(xué)家們正 在開發(fā)制造產(chǎn)品的新辦法，以促進我們的經(jīng)濟和生活方式的發(fā)展和提高，不再出 現(xiàn)近年來極為明顯的損害現(xiàn)象。 代價確實夠高的。清除化學(xué)廢物的費用日益昂貴。美國杜邦公司就生產(chǎn)特富 龍和戈爾-膨體聚四氟乙烯薄膜而導(dǎo)致對環(huán)境的破壞同意支付高達 6 億美元作 為罰金以及消除環(huán)境損害的費用。 可是要保持地球安全并不意味著必須放棄不粘 鍋和膨體薄膜。 美國人歷來視經(jīng)濟效益和環(huán)境保護為魚與熊掌-兩者不能兼顧。 綠色化學(xué)會 改變這種顧此失彼的狀態(tài)。 Section B With any culture there are certain rules and customs that you should follow so you dont offend anyone. This is no difference for the culture that exists on the Internet, whether you are emailing, chatting, with other people, gaming or building your own Web site. There is a list of golden rules you should live by to help your online experience be as smooth as possible. This code is known as “Netiquette”. 1. Be polite Some people think that being on the Internet means you are anonymous and so you can get away with being rude in chat rooms and on message boards. This is not true, as most Web sites have tracking features. 2. Be respectful The Internet is a global community, and other peoples values and outlooks on life may be different to your own. Be tolerant and careful with slang or phrases that may not be understood in another country. 3. Be modest Always play nice and give encouragement to your fellow players and opposition. Test 2 Part II. Vocabulary Section A : 21-25 D B A D C 26-30 D B B C B Section B: 31-35 D B B A C 36-40 D A C B B Part III. Cloze Test 41-45 C A B A D 46-50 B C B A D Part IV Reading Comprehension 51-54 A B D A 55-58 B D C A 59-62 C A D B 63-66 B C B D 67-70 C D C A Part V Translation Section A Google 招聘員工通常不是為了填補某一特定職位。其意圖是引進什么崗位 都能勝任的多面手人才。一名新來的 Google 人可能會被安排去開發(fā)搜索功能在 手機上的應(yīng)用小組，而那個項目完成后可能又會讓他去協(xié)助其它項目，比如說， 為視頻搜索原型編碼。 在 Google 飛速發(fā)展時，人們懷疑它是否對因特網(wǎng)的未來下了正確的賭注， 這也不是沒有道理的。一方面，Google 開發(fā)了新的基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的軟件并且尋求合 作伙伴，這可能對微軟臺式電腦的一統(tǒng)天下構(gòu)成了威脅，從而促使微軟這一西雅 圖巨人和它打起了競爭戰(zhàn)。但 Yahoo！對未來的憧憬與 Google 完全不同，它可 能才是 Google 的最大威脅。搜索行業(yè)的未來成敗難料。對于 Google 來說，最 重要的是利用因特網(wǎng)的巨大能量，盡量快而準的獲取搜索結(jié)果。 但如果未來的搜索變得越來越個性化，越來越本土化，那是會出現(xiàn)什么情況 呢？我們可能會更多的轉(zhuǎn)向朋友、鄰居甚至陌生人，向他們來征求意見、探討廚 藝、搜尋旅游小貼士等。這基本上就是 Yahoo！押下賭注的地方。Yahoo！認為， 像 Google 這樣的搜索引擎搜索到的是大量需要消化處理的數(shù)據(jù)，這是不會讓大 家滿意的。而 Yahoo！所關(guān)注的是“社會搜索”這種搜索讓因特網(wǎng)的日常用戶可 以匯聚他們的知識， 以創(chuàng)造替代性的內(nèi)容體系來提供更切題的結(jié)果-這樣做當(dāng)然 也是可以賺錢的。 說到底，Google 的經(jīng)商主張就是相互信任；它掌握著我們大量的數(shù)據(jù)、包 括我們搜索的信息、我們郵件的內(nèi)容等等，所以我們需要知道 Google 不會對它 們存有惡意。 Section B Beijing is undaunted in its ambition to become a world leader in hydrogen-fuel-cell-powered cars. The dream is not farfetched. Making hydrogen cars a reality is only partly a matter of coming up with technological breakthroughs. It also involves replacing gasoline filling stations, refineries and internal-combustion engines with hydrogen equivalents. Chinas relative lack of development may thus be a virtue; the countrys leadership has a relatively clean slate upon which to build a hydrogen-car industry, should it choose to do so. Which strategy China chooses stands to have a huge impact on the country-and on the rest of the world. At present, the Middle Kingdom is traversed by relatively few cars-only about 20 million. That amounts to barely eight cars per 1,000 people, which is a far cry from the 100 in Brazil or 940 in the United States. China is catching up quickly, however. At its current rater of growth, the country will surpass Japan and become the worlds second largest auto market by 2011, with annual sales of 5 million cars. In the next few years, Chinas hydrogen proponents will be pressing their case. Hydrogen, they argue, may be a matter of survival. For one thing, the nations growing demand for oil poses a national-security risk. Developing a hydrogen-based economy would relieve that pressure. Chinas growing environmental problems are another argument for developing hydrogen. Unit 1 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Pay special attention to the translation of the words in bold. 1. Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs. Stifter. 我的小兒子是個世界級的萬人迷，學(xué)習(xí)不怎么動腦筋卻總能蒙混過關(guān)。直到施蒂 夫特太太當(dāng)了他的老師，這種局面才徹底改變了。 2. No one seems to stop to think that no matter what environments they come from most kids dont put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at stake. 似乎沒有人停下來想想看，無論孩子們來自何種環(huán)境，他們當(dāng)中大多數(shù)若不是發(fā) 現(xiàn)情況到了危急關(guān)頭，才不會把功課當(dāng)作頭等大事呢。 3. Of average intelligence or above, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish. 這些學(xué)生智力水平至少也算中等，但最終都退學(xué)了，他們總結(jié)說自己太笨，學(xué)不 下去了。 4. Young people generally dont have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it. 年輕人往往不夠成熟，不會像我的成人學(xué)生們那樣重視教育 5. It is an expression of confidence by both teachers and parents that the students have the ability to learn the material presented to them. 這表明老師和家長都對學(xué)生有信心，相信他們能夠?qū)W好發(fā)給他們的學(xué)習(xí)材料。 6. This means no more doing Scotts assignments for him because he might fail. No more passing Jodi because shes such a nice kid. 這意味著再也不要因為擔(dān)心斯科特會不及格而替他做作業(yè)， 再也不要因為朱迪是 個乖孩子而放她過關(guān)。 Translate the following paragraph into English with words and phrases given below. 李明是學(xué)化學(xué)的，性格開朗幽默，頗有魅力，但英語成績不佳，每次只能勉 強及格。老師警告他，英語不好會阻礙他拿獎學(xué)金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果 李明不努力，就讓他考試不過關(guān)。老師還告訴他，學(xué)習(xí)英語不能只為了文憑，否 則他即使大學(xué)畢業(yè)，也還是個半文盲。李明雖然保持鎮(zhèn)定，但他明白，他的學(xué)業(yè) 生涯正在攸關(guān)之際，必須安心下來埋頭學(xué)習(xí)，堅持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. Whats more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard, she would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma, otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit 2 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Pay special attention to the translation of the words in bold. 1. I had always dreamed of being proposed to in a Parisian caf , under dazzling stars, like the one in a Van Gogh knockoff that hangs in my studio apartment. Instead, my boyfriend asked me to marry him while I was Windexing the bathroom mirror. 我一直有這樣的夢想：星光燦爛的晚上，在一家巴黎咖啡館能有人向我求婚。那 個咖啡館就像凡高所畫的“夜晚的咖啡館” ，我的畫室墻上就掛著一幅此畫的翻 印本。 然而， 我男朋友卻是在我用 “穩(wěn)得新” 擦洗衛(wèi)生間鏡子的時候叫我嫁給他。 2. But the more time and effort I put in, the more the universe tried to thwart me. The Greek band from Los Angeles that I wanted wasnt available. The stitching I had requested for my cathedral veil was all wrong. My ivory silk gown was being quarantined somewhere in Singapore. 但是，我投入的時間和精力越多，萬事就越和我過不去。沒有請到我想要的洛杉 磯希臘樂隊。我到教堂時所戴面紗的針線活也很糟，不是我原來所要求的。我訂 的象牙色的絲綢禮服被隔離在新加坡的某個地方。 3. I realized that a Big Day without my mother would be no day at all. Not having my dad, who passed away three years before, to walk me down the aisle was painful, but the thought of not having Mom there was unbearable. 我認識到?jīng)]有媽媽的大喜日子不可思議。老爸已經(jīng)在三年前過世，不可能牽著我 的手到教堂圣壇完婚，這已經(jīng)讓我覺得凄苦。但是一想到媽媽那天也不能在教堂 就讓我覺得無法忍受。 4. Our baby sister, whod been looking after Mom since Dads death, was gripped by fear as the familiar sights and smells were eerily reminiscent of his final days. After consulting with doctors, we learned that stomach surgery was Moms only option. We took the first opening. 小妹自家父去世以來一直照顧著媽媽，這時恐懼占據(jù)了她的心，此情此景讓她不 由得想起家父臨終的日子。咨詢醫(yī)生后，我們得知胃部手術(shù)是媽媽唯一的選擇。 醫(yī)院一有床位我們就住進去了。 5. Whats more, caring for my mom made me realize how consummately she had cared for all of us. Ill never forget when I went to see her in the intensive-care unit, just a few hours after her surgery. She was strung out with a myriad of plastic tubes protruding from her arms, nose, and mouth. “Liz, make sure you eat something,” she said in a strained, raspy voice. 此外， 照顧母親也讓我認識到她當(dāng)年照料我們是多么地盡心。 我永遠也不會忘記， 她剛動完手術(shù)幾個小時后，我到特護病房去看她。她躺在那里，手臂、鼻孔和嘴 巴里插了那么多的塑料導(dǎo)管，她卻吃力、沙啞地說道： “莉茲，你一定要吃點東 西。 ” 6. Ive forgotten what kind of stitching is in my veil. But when I remove it from my face, Ill be staring at the two people I love beyond all reason : my soon-to-be husband and the woman who showed me whats really important. 我已經(jīng)忘記面紗上的刺繡。但在我掀掉面紗的時候， 我肯定會脈脈地注視著我 所最愛的兩個人：我的未婚夫和讓我懂得人生要義的那個女人-我的母親。 Translate the following paragraph into English with words and phrases given below. 我的朋友琳達接受過良好的教育，既美麗又端莊，三十好幾依然沒有人向她 求婚。 究其原因， 她事業(yè)心極強， 整日撲在工作上， 每天來往于住處和公司之間， 根本沒有時間和異性交往。 一想到女兒這么大了還單身一人， 她父母就焦慮不安。 他們不知道該如何是好，甚至為此事還去咨詢一些社會學(xué)專家。 但是事情在上個月出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)機，公司的總部調(diào)琳達到培訓(xùn)部。在新的工作崗 位上，琳達遇到了第一個觸動她心弦的男人。從此，他們幾乎每天約會，琳達意 識到她會不顧一切地愛這個男人。決定嫁人的時候，她告訴了我這個好消息。 雖然琳達的愛情讓人想起電影中才會有的浪漫故事， 我也擔(dān)憂未來究竟會怎 樣， 但我還是表達了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答應(yīng)在婚禮那天做他們的伴娘和伴郎 隨從中的一員。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career-oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociological experts. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Lindas love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I dont know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit 3 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Pay special attention to the translation of the words in bold. 1. In sequential testimony, each one stated that he did not believe tobacco was a health risk and that his company had taken no steps to manipulate the levels of nicotine in its cigarettes. 在隨后的證詞中，每個人都陳述自己不相信煙草會給健康帶來風(fēng)險，而且自 己的公司從未采取措施來操縱香煙中尼古丁的含量。 2. Dr. Brandt amply demonstrates that Big Tobacco understood many of the health risks of their products long before the 1964 surgeon generals report. 布蘭特博士用充足的證據(jù)證明，早在 1964 年衛(wèi)生局局長的報告發(fā)表前，各大 煙草巨頭就已了解了自家產(chǎn)品對健康造成的諸多風(fēng)險。 3. Early in the 20th century, opposition to cigarettes took a moral rather than a health-conscious tone, especially for women who wanted to smoke, although even then many doctors were concerned that smoking was a health risk. 在 20 世紀初期，對香煙的抵制帶著道德的口吻，而不是出于對健康的關(guān)注， 對想抽煙的女性更是如此，不過即使在當(dāng)時，許多醫(yī)生已經(jīng)關(guān)注到吸煙會給健 康造成風(fēng)險。 4. And their marketing memorandums document advertising campaigns aimed at youngsters to hook whole new generations of smokers. 在他們的營銷備忘錄中，記錄了他們針對青少年發(fā)動的廣告運動，旨在誘惑一代代的新 煙民。 5. Instead, these experts focused primarily on a small group of skeptics of the dangers of cigarettes during the 1950s, many of whom had or would eventually have ties to the tobacco industry. 相反， 這些專家主要關(guān)注的是20世紀50年代的一小撮對香煙危害的懷疑論者， 他們中的大部分人要么就是當(dāng)時就與煙草業(yè)有勾結(jié)， 要么最終也會同煙草業(yè)勾 結(jié)起來。 6. Last August, she concluded that the tobacco industry had engaged in a 40-year conspiracy to defraud smokers about tobaccos health dangers. 去年八月，她總結(jié)道，煙草行業(yè)策劃了一場為期 40 年的陰謀， 以欺騙煙民， 掩蓋煙草對健康的危害。 Translate the following paragraph into English with the words and phrases given below. 食品供應(yīng)商缺乏誠信已經(jīng)當(dāng)今社會的一大問題。部分企業(yè)欺騙公眾，故意散布假 消息， 頌揚食物添加劑是食品工業(yè)的偉大成就，并聲稱適量的添加劑對健康有益 無害。 部分有良知的科學(xué)家對食品添加劑的含量和毒性展開了深入的病理學(xué)研究， 研究結(jié)果表明，部分常見的食品添加劑經(jīng)長期使用，可能會對健康產(chǎn)生危害，這 被認為是食品安全研究方面極為重要的一項成就。 盡管一小撮由廠商雇傭的懷疑 論者質(zhì)疑研究的科學(xué)性，并嘲笑人們膽子太小，但不少消費者已經(jīng)開始重視食品 添加劑問題，并轉(zhuǎn)而食用天然食物和新鮮食物。部分專家表示，一旦消費者針對 食品商的欺詐行為提起訴訟，他們愿意提供證詞。 The disingenuousness of food suppliers has become a serious issue in todays society. Some of them defraud the public by disinformation and extolling food additives as a great achievement in food industry. They also claim that additives at a moderate level do no harm to health. Some righteous scientists have made in-depth pathological investigations into the content and toxicity of food additives. Their findings, which suggest that some common food additives may lead to health risks if used for a long time, were regarded as a landmark event in the research of food security. Although a gaggle of skeptics hired by food manufacturers question whether such researches are scientifically based and even deride people as timid, many consumers are beginning to pay attention to food additives and turning to natural and fresh food. Some experts promise to give testimony if any consumer charges food suppliers with racketeering. Unit 6 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Pay special attention to the translation of the words in bold. 1. In todays global economy firms and countries no longer specialize in the production of goods alone but increasingly in the finer tasks that make up the manufacturing, commercial and financial processes, bringing about lower costs, better quality and more choices for consumers. 在當(dāng)今的全球經(jīng)濟下，公司和國家不再專營商品生產(chǎn)，而是越來越專注于精細 的任務(wù)。這些任務(wù)貫穿制造、銷售和財務(wù)各過程，并實現(xiàn)降低成本、提高質(zhì)量 和為消費者提供更多選擇的目的。 2Globalization is providing the world with not only greater economic opportunities but also a remarkable resilience to events that in the past would have proven highly disruptive. 全球化提供給我們這個世界的不止是更多經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的契機， 還大大增強了我們 的抵抗力，可以輕松應(yīng)對在過去頗具顛覆力量的事件 3Just as with any other economic or social phenomenon, globalization faces risks that could challenge its growth, or worse, cause its reversal. 正如其他任何經(jīng)濟或社會現(xiàn)象一樣，全球化也面臨著各種風(fēng)險。這些風(fēng)險可能阻礙其進 一步發(fā)展，更有甚者，可能造成大逆轉(zhuǎn)。 4The strategies to tackle a new wave of globalization reversal are no mystery; they were learned through hard experience. 解決新一輪逆轉(zhuǎn)的策略并沒有什么神秘可言，只不過是痛苦的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)的總結(jié)。 5Another essential component is rules-based international cooperation, particularly when it comes to containing or dissipating geopolitical threats to global stability. 另一重要方面是以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的國際合作， 特別是在抑制或消解影響全球穩(wěn)定 的地緣政治威脅方面。 Translate the following paragraph into English with words and phrases give below. 本文體現(xiàn)了作者對全球化肯定的態(tài)度， 但也表達了作者對全球化所帶來的挑戰(zhàn) 的焦慮。全球化在國際范圍內(nèi)促進了經(jīng)濟增長，使富有的國家持續(xù)發(fā)展，在其 他地方減少貧困。因為國家經(jīng)濟相互依賴的程度越來越高，在各國尋求進步與 安全的過程中，合作就變得至關(guān)重要。然而，問題是近來人們似乎已忘記了國 際合作的價值。我們從歷史的教訓(xùn)中知道，忽略國際法則、協(xié)議以及慣例就意 味著全球化的大逆轉(zhuǎn)。 This essay embodies the authors positive attitude toward globalization, but it also conveys his worries about the challenges brought about by globalization. Globalization enhanced economic growth at an international level, sustaining the expansion in rich countries and reducing poverty in the rest of the world. Since national economies have become increasingly interdependent, cooperation becomes crucial in the pursuit of progress and security. Nevertheless, the problem is that the value of international cooperation seems to have been forgotten lately. History teaches us that bypassing international laws, agreements and institutions means incurring the reversal of globalization. Unit 7 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Pay special attention to the translation of the words in bold. 1. Her handling of the plagiarism charges against her has arguably been worse than the charges themselves. 她對剽竊指控的處理可能比指控本身更糟糕。 2. They give universities a chance to pay back some of their debt to the societies that nurture them. 他們也使大學(xué)得以回報社會對它們的滋養(yǎng)。 3. Academics have a habit of crawling along the frontiers of knowledge with a magnifying glass, blind to the wide vistas opening up before them, and often reducing the most engaging subjects to tedious debates about methodology. 學(xué)者們總是手持放大鏡沿著研究前沿匍匐前行，而對前方的廣闊天地熟視無睹， 經(jīng)常將最有價值的課題演變?yōu)榉椒ㄕ摰臒o味爭吵。 4. The same media machine that turned Mr. Ambrose and Ms. Goodwin into superstars is now trashing their reputations. 媒體曾將安布羅斯和古德溫推向事業(yè)頂峰，如今卻正讓他們名聲掃地。 5. The fact that Americas bestseller lists feature works written by academic authorities amongst the ghost-written memoirs and celebrity suck-up jobs should be cause for rejoicing. 由槍手代勞的自傳和極盡諂媚之辭的作品遍地都是， 而美國暢銷書的排行榜更青 睞名家們的專著。這一事實也足以讓我們欣慰。 6. Stephen Ambrose was arguably Americas favorite historian, a man who wrote bestsellers faster than most people read them. 斯蒂芬.安布羅斯是美國非常得寵的歷史學(xué)家，他創(chuàng)作暢銷小說速度飛快，讓讀 者目不暇接 。 Translate the following paragraph into English with words and phrases given below. 名家總是樹敵眾多。幾乎每周都能看到所謂的專家名流身敗名裂，一敗涂地。比 如非常得寵的歷史學(xué)家安布羅斯就被曝出其五部作品過度地“借鑒”了他人的專 著。 美國電視節(jié)目的常客古德溫曾用錢打發(fā)了被剽竊的作者。對名家的其它指控 也轟然而至，如滿口謊言、道貌岸然、欺世盜名。是個別現(xiàn)象還是整個風(fēng)氣的敗 壞？至少還有兩點說明他們還是不無裨益的。 首先， 他們顯然促進了思想的傳播， 使普通人有機會獲取信息，還使大學(xué)得以回報社會。其次，它們有助于讓學(xué)術(shù)界 留住人才。歸根結(jié)底美國學(xué)術(shù)界的癥結(jié)在于研究視野的狹隘化。市場是只無形的 手，那些欺詐之徒會為自己的錯誤付出代價。 The celebrity professors have many natural enemies. No week goes by without some academic celebrity or other biting the dust, his reputation in tatters. Ambrose is an Americas favorite historian. It now turns out that five of his books contain extensive “borrowings” from others works. Goodwin, a fixture on American television, quietly mollified one of her chief victims by paying her some money. Other charges are also being hurled at celebrity professors, say, take compulsive lying, hypocrisy and general flatulence. Is it a case of a few bad apples or the whole barrel? Yet there are two big arguments in favor of what they do. Unit 8 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Pay special attention to the translation of the words in bold. 1. No human being could fail