2012年3月高級口譯上半場閱讀理解第二篇原文.doc.doc

2012年3月高級口譯上半場閱讀理解第二篇原文Raisingtheschool-leavingagewillmaketeachersillwww.guardian.co.ukItsthestartofthenewschoolyear.Thebellsgone,30-oddpupilshaveshuffledintoclassandyourenowfacingaroomfulofstroppy17-year-oldswhoveryvocallydontwanttobethere.Asateacher,thismaywellbeyourdailyrealityin2015,whenallyoungpeopleuptotheageof18willhavetobeeitherinfull-timeeducationorwork-basedtraining.AndbasedonwhathappenedinSpainwhentheschool-leavingagewasraisedfrom14to16in1998,newresearchfromeconomistsatLancasterUniversitywarnsthatschoolscouldbehitwithmassabsenteeismwhenteachersfindthemselvesunabletodotheirjobbecausehalftheirclassisntinterested.ColinGreen,seniorlectureratLancasterUniversitymanagementschool,saysevidencefromSpainshowsthatraisingthecompulsoryparticipationageislikelytoresultinlowerjobsatisfactionforteachers,greaterproblemswithstress,andandmorepeopleleavingtheprofession.Employers,hepointsout,willhaveachoiceastowhichyoungpeopletheytakeon.Schools,bycontrast,willhaveadutytoacceptallcomers.Thismeansthereislikelytobealargecohortofteenagerswhowouldmuchratherhaveleftschool,butwhowillberequiredtospendtwoyearsmorewiththeirheadsinabook.Forsixth-form.teachers,whohavetillnowlookedforwardtolessonswithkeen-as-mustardoratleastmoderatelywillingA-levelstudents,thedynamicofeveryclassislikelytochangedramatically,andisunlikelytobeconducivetobetterlearningoutcomesforanyofthoseinvolved.Giventhisprospect,saysGreen,teachersshouldpayattentiontohowtheirday-to-dayworkingliveswillbeaffectedwhentheschool-leavingagegoesup.Thestudy,doneincollaborationwithhisresearchassociateMariaNavarro,showsthatassoonasSpainraisedthestatutoryleavingage,secondaryschoolteacherabsenteeismrosesharplyonaverage,bybetween15%to20%.Anditwasntaone-off,Greensays.Absencerateshavestayedhighinalltheyearsfollowingthereform.Andtheincreaseinteacherabsenteeismhasclearimplications2012年3月高級口譯英譯漢答案2012年3月高級口譯聽力音頻2012年3月高級口譯漢譯英答案2012年3月高級口譯上半場閱讀理解第一篇原文forthequalityofeducationthatstudentsreceive.Aparticularlytroublingfinding,henotes,isthatincreasesinteacherabsencewasevenhigherinareaswherefewerchildrentraditionallystayedoninschool,reaching40%intheworstareas.Teachersintheseschoolsfacedthelargestchangeinthemixofstudentsafterthepolicywasimplemented.Ofcourse,itstheareaswithlargerproportionsofteenagerswhowouldprefertoleaveschoolthatmostneedextraprofessionalsupport.Butinstead,becauseteacherswillfindthemselvesundermorepressure,classesarelikelytobemoredisrupted,andabsencerateswillshootthroughtheroof.Theresarealdanger,Greensays,thatthepolicywilldecreasethequalityofeducationandtrainingprovision.Greenisnotscaremongering.Previousresearchhasshownthatteacherabsenceisacauseofpoorpupilachievement.Worsestill,thenegativeeffectsofteachersbeingabsentinlargenumbersforlongperiodsaremoresevereforpoorerpupils.GivengrowingconcernaboutthelargenumbersofyoungpeopleinEnglandwholeaveschoolwithfewqualificationsandprospects,Greenobservesthattheraisingoftheschool-leavingagewasvirtuallyinevitable.TheprofileoftheAugustrioterswillhaveaddedfurthersteeltothecommitmenttokeepunder-18sinsideonesystemoranother,hesays.Theproblemthegovernmentfaces,however,isthatwhilemanyworkingineducationmightsharetheviewthatitsbetterforyoungpeopletoremainineducationortraining,forcingreluctantteenagerstostayonatschoolmayhavetheoppositeeffecttotheoneministersintend.Thepotentialforadirecteffectisclear:morestudentsinschoolsandcollegeswillleadtomoreteachinghoursand,intheabsenceofmoreteachersasaresultoftighteningbudgets,eithertoanincreaseinteachingworkloadsoranincreaseinclasssizes,saysGreen.Alltheevidencesuggeststhatteachingandmanagingthesestudents,andcombiningtheirneedswiththoseofyoungpeoplewhowouldhavechosentostayonalready,islikelytopresentnewanddifficultchallenges.AbsenteeismonthescaleobservedbyGreenandNavarroinSpainisonlyoneindicatoroftheimpactofraisingtheparticipationagethatministersneedtotakenoteof.Greensuggeststhat,likeallemployees,ifteachersarenotcompensatedinsomewayforasignificantchangeintheessentialnatureoftheirworkthroughimprovementsinworkingconditionsorincreasedpayitslikelytohaveanegativeeffectonhowtheyfeelabouttheirprofessionalpurpose.Forthepolicyofraisingthecompulsoryleavingagetobesuccessful,ministerswillbeheavilydependentonteacherswillingnesstoflexandadaptand,putbluntly,workharderinmoredifficultconditions.Greensuggeststhatthegovernmentwoulddowelltofindoutwhatteachersfeelwouldrecompensethemforthechangestheyllhavetomaketotheirprofessionalpractice.Ifnothingisdone,hewarns,allthesefactorsadduptothesame