2013年自考英語(yǔ)二復(fù)習(xí)資料.doc.doc

12013年自考英語(yǔ)二復(fù)習(xí)資料UNIT1-1UNIT1一、wordstudyobjective,accompany,argue,defineobjectivea.客觀的，真實(shí)的。如實(shí)的，無(wú)偏見(jiàn)的。Wehavetoaccepttheobjectiverealityasitis.我們必須接受客觀事實(shí)。Theliterarycriticsshouldbeasobjectiveaspossibleinanalysisandjudgement.文學(xué)批評(píng)家在分析和評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)應(yīng)盡量不偏不倚。n.目標(biāo)，目的。PeopleworkhardtocarryouttheeconomicobjectivesoftheNinthFive-YearPlan.人們?yōu)榱藢?shí)現(xiàn)第九個(gè)五年規(guī)劃的經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)而努力工作。Myobjectiveforthepresentistopasstheoralexam.我目前的目標(biāo)是通過(guò)口試。accompanyvt./vi.1、伴隨，陪同；2、為。伴奏Thesingerwasaccompaniedonthepianobyhispupil.演唱者由他的學(xué)生擔(dān)任鋼琴伴奏。Thelonelyoldmanisaccompaniedbyhisdog.這位孤獨(dú)的老人讓他的狗作伴。Allordersmustbeaccompaniedwithcash.所有的訂貨單必須隨附現(xiàn)金。arguevt./vi.爭(zhēng)辯，爭(zhēng)論，辯論作不及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，后邊可以接with,about或over，for（贊成）或against（反對(duì)）。Sheisalwaysreadytoargueoverthesmallestissues.她總喜歡為極小的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)論。HeoftenarguesphilosophywithJames.他常和詹姆斯討論哲學(xué)。Hearguedforimmediateaction.他主張立即行動(dòng)。Theyarguedagainstsuchapolicy.他們反對(duì)這種政策。vt.1、說(shuō)服；2、用辯論說(shuō)服2argueinto（outof）doingsth.說(shuō)服某人做（不做）某事。Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.我說(shuō)服他不做這樣危險(xiǎn)的旅行。Hearguedthatmanwasdescendedfromapes.他論證人類的祖先是猿。definevt.1、解釋，給。下定義；2、限定，規(guī)定。Workisdefinedastheproductofaforceandthedistancethroughwhichitspointofapplicationmovesinthedirectionoftheforce.功的定義是力和力的著力點(diǎn)沿力的方向移動(dòng)的距離的乘積。Hehasdefinedhispositionontheissues.他已表明自己在這些問(wèn)題上的立場(chǎng)。UNIT1-2二、常考句型1、決策是在現(xiàn)有的可選做法中所做的選擇。P1Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.2、管理者經(jīng)常必須對(duì)未來(lái)的情況下做出最佳的猜測(cè)，盡量不存僥幸。P2Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.3、如果沒(méi)有選擇，就無(wú)決策可言。P3Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.4、對(duì)于管理者而言，每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律、慣例等待因素的制約。P3Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.5、例如，管理者有時(shí)以非此即彼的方式來(lái)處理問(wèn)題。P4Forexample,managerssometimestreatproblemsinaneither/orfashion.6、決策者們必須有辦法決定數(shù)個(gè)可選項(xiàng)中的哪一個(gè)是最好的-哪一個(gè)對(duì)組織目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)起作用最大。P6Decisionmakersmusthavesomewayofdeterminingwhichofseveralalternativesisbestthatis,whichcontributesthemosttotheachievementoforganizationalgoals.7、就更大的系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)，增加研究經(jīng)費(fèi)以便改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品，對(duì)該組織更有益。P6Inthelargerschemeofthings,however,increasedfundingforresearchtoimprovetheproductsmightbemorebeneficialtotheorganization.8、有些目標(biāo)比另一些目標(biāo)更重要，但其排序和重要性則因人和部門(mén)而異。P7Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryformpersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.三、習(xí)題1.單詞英譯漢3goal,objective,accomplish,predict,accompany,implement,tendency,achievement,argue,budget,define,entity,2.詞組英譯漢intheway,inpart,pointofview,contributeto,toapplyfor,inhand,toturndown3.句子英譯漢與?？季湫拖嗤?.TextA漢譯英決策者應(yīng)該能夠?qū)?lái)作出最好的推測(cè)。Decisionmakersshouldbeabletomakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbe.有人認(rèn)為經(jīng)理們所作的一切均與決策有關(guān)。Somepeoplebelievealmosteverythingamanagerdoesinvolvesdecision.沒(méi)有正確的選擇就沒(méi)有正確的決定。Ifthereisnoproperchoice,thereisnoproperdecision.不同的人對(duì)同樣的問(wèn)題有不同的看法，所以解決的辦法也不同。Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutthesameproblem；theirsolutionstotheproblemare,therefore,alsodifferent.決策者往往是公司業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。Decisionmakersoftenplaythekeyroleinthedevelopmentofthebusinessofacompany.Decisionmakersareusuallykeypeoplewhodeterminethecompanysbusinessdevelopment.UNIT1-3四、歷年試題1.Almosteverythingamanagerdoes_(involve)decisions,indeed,somesuggestthatthemanagementprocessisdecisionmaking.(99.4)。答案是involves.考點(diǎn):involve為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2.Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecision_(make).(99.4)答案是tobemade?？键c(diǎn)：tobemade是動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾decision.3.Ifyouarenow_yourthirties,youcanexpecttolivenearlyonethirdoftherestofyourlifeaftertheageof60.(99.4)A.inB.atC.betweenD.among答案是A.4.Almosteverythingamanagerdoes_decisions；indeed,somesuggestthatthemanagementprocessisdecisionmaking.(00.4)A.imposesB.improviseC.involvesD.indicates答案為C.5.When_(present)withacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblemsandproductionmanagersseeproductionproblems.答案為presented.考點(diǎn)：present是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。46.Anorganizationisagroupofpeople,andadecision_(make)todaymayhaveconsequencesfarintothefuture.答案是made.考點(diǎn)：make是過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾decision.7.漢譯英：通常管理者必須對(duì)未來(lái)的情況作出最佳的預(yù)測(cè)。答案：Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbe.1.決策的目的是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)組織的目標(biāo)。答：Thepurposeofmakingadecisionistoachieveorganizationalgoals.2.決策過(guò)程對(duì)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理至關(guān)重要。答：Thedecision-makingprocessisfundamentaltobusinessmanagement.3.經(jīng)理所做的任何事情幾乎都與決策有關(guān)。答：Almosteverythingamanagerdoesinvolvesdecision-making.4.雖然我們不能預(yù)見(jiàn)未來(lái)，但應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量減少偶然性發(fā)生。答：Althoughwecannotpredictthefuture,wemusttrytleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.5.不同的管理者對(duì)同一問(wèn)題的解釋不同。答：Differentmanagerdefinethesameproblemindifferentterms.UNIT2-1一、wordstudyexert,collapse,lauch,operateexertvt.盡（力）；發(fā)揮（威力等）；施加（壓力等）；產(chǎn)生（影響等）；行使（職權(quán)等）Hehasexertedallhisstrengthtoattainhisgoal.他已盡了全力以達(dá)到自己的目標(biāo)。Hehasbeenexertingalotofpressureonmetochangemymind.他一直在施加種種壓力要我改變主意。Theseprinciplesexertedgreatinfluenceuponthecourseoftherevolution.這些原則對(duì)革命進(jìn)程產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。collapsen.1、倒塌，崩潰，瓦解；2、（健康等）垮掉，（因精疲力竭等原因）倒下Thestormcausedthecollapseofthewoodenshelter.暴風(fēng)雨使這個(gè)避風(fēng)雨的木棚倒塌了。Hesufferedfromanervouscollapse.他的精神崩潰了。Thecollapseofthegovernmentleftthecountryinconfusion.政府的倒臺(tái)使全國(guó)陷入混亂之中。vi.倒塌，崩潰Theroofcollapsedundertheweightofthesnow.屋頂被雪壓塌了。Thenegotiationscollapsedafterseveralmeetings.5會(huì)談了幾次之后，談判破裂了。Inthelastweeksofthewarshecollapsedfromlongimprisonment.在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最后幾個(gè)星期里她的身體因長(zhǎng)期監(jiān)禁而垮掉了。lauchvt1、發(fā)射，投射；2、使（船）下水Thesatellitewaslaunchedinarocket.這顆衛(wèi)星是由火箭發(fā)射的。Thehunterlaunchedaspearatthewolf.獵人把矛向狼擲去。Anewshiphasbeensuccessfullylaunched.一條新船已成功地下水。vt./vi.發(fā)動(dòng)，發(fā)起（運(yùn)動(dòng)等）launchoutinto開(kāi)始，著手進(jìn)行Ourarmylaunchedanattackontheenemy.我們的軍隊(duì)向敵人發(fā)起猛攻。Thepolicelaunchedaninvestigationintothecase.警察對(duì)此案開(kāi)展了調(diào)查。Theresearchgrouplaunchedoutintoaseriesofnewexperiment.研究小組著手進(jìn)行了一系列新的實(shí)驗(yàn)。UNIT2-2operatevi.1、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，起作用；2、動(dòng)手術(shù)（on,upon）Theelevatoroperatessmoothly.電梯運(yùn)行順利。Themedicinegraduallyoperated.藥物逐漸奏效了。Thedoctoroperatedontheneckofthepatient.醫(yī)生給病人的頸部動(dòng)手術(shù)。vt.1、操作，操縱，經(jīng)營(yíng)；2、對(duì)。動(dòng)手術(shù)Thisairlineoperatesfivemainlinesanddozensofbranchlines.這家航空公司經(jīng)營(yíng)五條主干線和十幾條支線。Doyouknowhowtooperatethemachine?你知道怎么開(kāi)這臺(tái)機(jī)器嗎？Thedoctoroperatedthepatientontheneck.醫(yī)生給病人的頸部動(dòng)手術(shù)。Hewasoperatedonforlungcancer.他因肺癌動(dòng)了手術(shù)。二、常考句型1、天文學(xué)家和科學(xué)家認(rèn)為黑洞是一種空間區(qū)，物質(zhì)可以掉進(jìn)黑洞但任何物質(zhì)不能逃脫。P16Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspaceintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape.2、理論上是這樣的：當(dāng)某些星體的密度增大到某一特定點(diǎn)時(shí)便發(fā)生爆炸。P2Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoaparticularpoint.3、有人認(rèn)為圣誕星可能是一顆超新星。P2SomepeoplethinkthattheStartofBethlehemcouldhavebeenasupernova.4、假定一個(gè)人掉進(jìn)黑洞，他會(huì)認(rèn)為很快就能到達(dá)黑洞中心。P3Ifamanfellintoablackhole,hewouldthinkthathereachedthecenterofitveryquickly.5、只是在近幾年天文學(xué)家才開(kāi)始具體研究黑洞。P3Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.6、另一方面，科學(xué)家們也在設(shè)想，由于有非常先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，人們也許能在將來(lái)利用黑洞為人類服務(wù)。P5Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedthateveryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.三、習(xí)題Unit2練習(xí)：1.詞匯英譯漢：escape,explode,collapse,shrink,gravity,measurement,basis,launch,convincing,companion,speculation,swallow,operate,tomakeuseof,agreatmany,aboveall2.句子英譯漢：1)6)與?？季湫拖嗤?)Theremightbeamassiveblackholeatthecenterofourgalaxyswallowingupstarsataveryrapidrate.8)Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesinatotallydifferentwayfromourownandtheyquestionourmostbasicexperienceofspaceandtime.UNIT2-33句子漢譯英黑洞是什么，天文學(xué)家還沒(méi)有完全解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Astronomershavenotyetfullysolvedtheproblemofwhatablackholeis.據(jù)說(shuō)黑洞可以將其周?chē)囊磺形矬w，如星星吞食掉。Itissaidthatblackholesareabletoswallowupalltheobjectsaroundthem,suchasstars.對(duì)黑洞的研究剛剛開(kāi)始，各種各樣的假說(shuō)層出不窮。Theresearchofblackholesisjustbeginningandspeculationaboutthemareendless.科學(xué)家仍不能說(shuō)出黑洞內(nèi)發(fā)生了什么。7Scientistsstillcannottellwhathappensinsideablackhole.Itisstillimpossibleforscientiststotellwhathappensinsideablackhole.如果我們認(rèn)識(shí)了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。Ifweunderstoodblackholes,theywouldnotbesofearful.Blackholeswillnotbesofearfulifwegettoknowthem.單元課后練習(xí).WordSpelling1.密度n.density_2.（使）倒塌，（使）崩潰v.collapse_3.邊界線，邊界n.boundary_4.永恒的，經(jīng)久不變的a.c_5.基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)n.b_6.發(fā)射，發(fā)動(dòng)v.l_7.雙胞胎之一a.t_8.同伴，同事n.c_9.人類n.m_10.推測(cè)，猜測(cè)n.s_11.吞v.s_12.不充分的a.i_13.物質(zhì)n.m_14.情況，環(huán)境a.c_15.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)v.o_16.強(qiáng)烈的a.i_17.證據(jù)n.e_18.看不見(jiàn)的a.i_19.宇航員n.a_20.熱帶的a.t_.WordForm1.Supernovae_(report)byastronomersintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies.2.Imaginetheearthreducedtothesizeofamarble,butstill_(have)thesamemass,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.3.Ifone_(make)ajourneyovertheContinentsonewouldfindeverykindofsurfaceincludingmountainranges,plains,andemptyareascoveredpermanentlybyiceandsnow.4.Andastronomersareplanninganewobservatorytostudytheindividualexplodingstars_(believe)tobeblackholes.5.Matterfromtheonewhichwecansee_(pull)towardsthecompanionstar.UNIT2-486.Theremightbeamassiveblackholeatthecentreofourgalaxy_(swallow)upstarsataveryrapidrate.7.Themost_(convince)evidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystems.8.Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesina_(total)differentwayfromourown.9.Thesurfaceofsomeareas_(consist)largelyofhighmountainsanddeepvalleys.10.Ourworldisthehomeofaverygreatmanydifferentpeople-peopleswithdifferent_(colour)skins.VocabularyandStructure1.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspace(notathing)_whichmatterhasfallenand_whichnothingcanescape-notevenlight.AintointoBintofromCfromintoDfromfrom2.Thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointense_ablackholeresults.AwhetherBwhatCwhichDthat3.Binarystars,_theirnamesuggests,aretwinstarswhosepositioninspaceaffectseachother.AasBthatCwhatDif4.Insomebinarysystems,astronomershaveshownthatthereisaninvisible