（備考詞匯專攻）中考英語(yǔ)小復(fù)習(xí) 241250（10份10組專題）.doc

（備考詞匯專攻）2015屆中考英語(yǔ)小復(fù)習(xí) 241-250（10份10組專題）241known as / known by / known for/ known to. known as “作為而出名”；“被稱作”，as后面的賓語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)是同位的。如： george is known as a successful banker. 喬治作為成功的銀行家而出名。 the first tomb, known as chang ling, was built in the 15th century. 第一座陵墓叫長(zhǎng)陵修建于是世紀(jì)。. known by “憑來(lái)判斷或認(rèn)識(shí)”一般不太常用，多出現(xiàn)在某些諺語(yǔ)中。如： a man is known by the company he keeps. (諺)見其友，知其人。. known for “因而出名”，for后面多接表示特征、品質(zhì)之類的詞。如： guilin is known for its beautiful sceneries. 桂林因風(fēng)景優(yōu)美而聞名。 he is known for his frankness. 他以坦率而出名。. known to “為所知的”，to后面常接表示人的名詞或代詞。如： she is known to everyone in the college. 他在學(xué)院里人人皆知。 the usage of that word is known to us all. 這個(gè)詞的用法我們?nèi)巳私灾?42keekp doing sth/ keep on doing sth/ keep sb doing sth/ keep sb or sth from doing sth/ stopfrom doing sth/ preventfrom doing sth.keep doing sth 表示“繼續(xù)（不斷）地做某事”指無(wú)停頓或停頓較短?；蚝蠼颖盱o態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：sit sleep. wait, stand,等。he kept sitting there for half an hour without moving.他一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地在那兒站了半個(gè)小時(shí)。.keep on doing sth 表經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的間隙后“繼續(xù)做同一件事”后可接表動(dòng)態(tài)的詞。如walk, write talk 等。還暗指不顧困難、反對(duì)、警告而“堅(jiān)持”做某事。they kept on working in the field, though it was raining.雖然天正在下雨，他們還是繼續(xù)在田里干活。.keep sb doing sth. “使某人處于某種狀態(tài)”our chinese teacher kept us reading by ourselves the whole class. 整個(gè)一節(jié)課， 我們的語(yǔ)文老師都讓我們自己看書。.keep sb / sth from doing sth. “阻止、防止某人/ 某物做某事”如： the policeman kept the children from crossing the road when it was dangerous. 危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候，這位警察阻止了孩子們過(guò)馬路。 be carful! keep the glass from dropping on to the floor. 當(dāng)心！防止玻璃掉到地板上。. preventfrom doing sth與上同意，但較正式，隱含預(yù)防之意。from在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不可省。如：in many countries, laws have been passed to prevent factories from sending out poisonous gases and polluted water. 許多國(guó)家已制定法律來(lái)制止工廠排放有毒的氣體和污水。,stopfrom doing sth. 與上可代換。它常指現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的具體行為。如：the policeman stopped the children from playing football in the street. 警察制止孩子們?cè)诮稚咸咔颉?43kill/ murder/ slaughter.kill的意思是“殺”，是普通用語(yǔ)，不限于用刀殺人，而可指用任何辦法把人或動(dòng)物弄死。如： he was killed. 他被殺死了。 he was killed in a train accident. 他在一次火車事故中死亡。 they killed animals for food. 他們?cè)讱?dòng)物為食。.murder的意思是“謀殺”，指非法地、存心不良地或有預(yù)謀地殺人。如：they murdered a revolutionary. 他們謀害了一個(gè)革命者。.slaughter的意思是“屠殺”，指大批地、殘酷地殺人，也可指屠宰動(dòng)物。如：old men, woman and children were mercilessly slaughtered. 老人、婦女和孩子們都遭到殘酷的屠殺。244kind/ sort.kind表示種類的意思時(shí)，指屬于同種類的東西。如：this is a new kind of machine. 這是一種新式機(jī)器。what kind of man is he? 他是怎樣的人？.sort的意思也是“種類”，指大體相似的東西。在語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐中，這兩個(gè)詞常被毫無(wú)區(qū)別地使用著，不過(guò)，當(dāng)表示帶有輕蔑的意味時(shí)，多用sort。如： what sort of book do you want? 你需要哪一種書？ ill never do this sort of thing. 我決不會(huì)干這種事。 what sort of people go there? 什么樣的人到那兒去？245know/ know about/ know of. know “知道”；“了解”。側(cè)重直接性。如： i know her very well. 我很了解她。 i dont know his current address. 我不知道他目前的地址。. know about “知道知道關(guān)于的情況”。 i happened to know about him. 我碰巧了解他的情況。 i dont know about that matter. 我不知道那件事。. know of “知道有”；“聽說(shuō)過(guò)”，側(cè)重間接性。 i know of the town but ive never been there. 我知道有那么個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子，但從未去過(guò)那里。 i dont know mark, but i know of him. 我不認(rèn)識(shí)馬克，但我聽說(shuō)過(guò)他。 246know/ recognize.know表示認(rèn)識(shí)的意思時(shí)，可以表示認(rèn)識(shí)或熟悉某人，也可以只表示認(rèn)識(shí)某人是誰(shuí)（即認(rèn)得某人是個(gè)什么樣子）。它不僅可以用于人，還可以用于地方等。如： do you know him? 你認(rèn)識(shí)他嗎？ i have known him for more than ten years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)他有十多年某人 knowple go theret?ldren were mercilessly sl moon.了。 i know him by sight but have never spoken to him. 我認(rèn)識(shí)他是誰(shuí)，但從沒有和他談過(guò)話。 he knows the city thotoughly. 他很熟悉那個(gè)城市。. recognize表示認(rèn)識(shí)的意思時(shí)，表示能認(rèn)出曾經(jīng)見過(guò)或原來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)的人或物。如： do you recognize him? 你認(rèn)得他是誰(shuí)嗎？ i did not recognize him at once. 我一下子都認(rèn)不得他了。 when he came back to nanjing, he hardly recognized the city. 當(dāng)他回到南京時(shí)，他幾乎認(rèn)不得這個(gè)城市了。247lay / lie這兩個(gè)詞常易混淆，主要是因?yàn)閮烧叩囊饬x及它們的過(guò)去式和分詞形式極易混淆。.lay通常用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“擺、放、下蛋或產(chǎn)卵”等，過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞分別為laid, laid, laying。如： he laid the papers on the desk and then went out. 他把文件放在桌上，然后出去了。 they were laying the foundation of the house. 他們?cè)诮o房子打地基。 the cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds nets.杜鵑在別的鳥巢中產(chǎn)卵。.lie一般作不及物動(dòng)詞用，作“躺；平放”解時(shí)，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞分別為lay, lain;作“撒謊”解時(shí)，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞均為lied，現(xiàn)在分詞均為lying 。如： she lay on the beach all morning. 她整個(gè)上午都躺在沙灘上。 how long has he lain there like that? 他像那樣躺在那兒有多久了？ he lied to me. 他對(duì)我撒了謊。248learn/ study. 這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都作“學(xué)習(xí)”講，有時(shí)可以互換使用。 he is learning / studying english now. 現(xiàn)在他在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。. learn 往往通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)、練習(xí)或由別人教授以獲得某種知識(shí)或技能，側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的成果，有“學(xué)會(huì)、學(xué)到”的意思。study 通常指比較深入地學(xué)習(xí)，含有努力去學(xué)的意味，它側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程，有“研究、鉆研”的意思。如： he studied hard and finally learned the language.他努力學(xué)習(xí)，終于學(xué)會(huì)了這種語(yǔ)言。 he studies in a school near here. 他在附近的一所學(xué)校讀書。 but i am learning to skate. 但我在學(xué)習(xí)滑冰。249leave sw/ leave for sw. leave的意思是“離開”，既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。 he left rome. 他離開了羅馬。 its time for us to leave. 我們?cè)撟吡恕? leave for 的意思是“前往”，指離開某地去另一地，for 后面跟表示目的地的地點(diǎn)名詞。 he left for rome. 他動(dòng)身去了羅馬。 the delegation left for guangzhou by plane. 代表團(tuán)乘飛機(jī)前往廣州。250leave/ forget. 這二個(gè)詞都有“忘記”的意思。但leave 表示“忘了帶”； “把落在某個(gè)地方了”，后面有地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 forget + 如： i left my handbag in the office.我把手提包落在辦公室了。 we often see mr. gates standing outside his own house because he often leaves the key in the house.我們經(jīng)?？吹缴w茨先生站在他自家門外，因?yàn)樗０谚€匙忘在家里。 i have never forgotten my familys birthdays.我從沒忘記過(guò)家人的生日。. 還有“離開、留下；使處于狀態(tài)； 聽任”的意思。如： in 1933,