外文翻譯--機(jī)電一體化的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢

1長春理工大學(xué)光電信息學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計中文譯文機(jī)電一體化的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢【摘要】：機(jī)電一體化是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果,本文簡述了機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)的基本概要和發(fā)展背景。綜述了國內(nèi)外機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀，分析機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢。【關(guān)鍵詞】：機(jī)電一體化 技術(shù) 現(xiàn)狀 產(chǎn)品 制造技術(shù) 發(fā)展趨勢1緒論現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，極大地推動了不同學(xué)科的交叉與滲透，導(dǎo)致了工程領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)革命與改造。在機(jī)械工程領(lǐng)域，由于微電子技術(shù)和計算機(jī)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展及其向機(jī)械工業(yè)的滲透所形成的機(jī)電一體化，使機(jī)械工業(yè)的技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品機(jī)構(gòu)、功能與構(gòu)成、生產(chǎn)方式及管理體系發(fā)生了巨大變化，使工業(yè)生產(chǎn)由“機(jī)械電氣化”邁入了“機(jī)電一體化”為特征的發(fā)展階 。2機(jī)電一體化概要機(jī)電一體化是 在機(jī)構(gòu) 功能、動 功能、信息 理功能和 制功能 電子技術(shù)，機(jī)械 與電子化設(shè)計及 結(jié) 所構(gòu)成的系 的 。機(jī)電一體化發(fā)展 成為一 體系的 學(xué)科， 科學(xué)技術(shù)的不發(fā)展， 的內(nèi)。其基本特征概currency1為：機(jī)電一體化是系 的“發(fā)，綜 fi機(jī)械技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)、 動 制技術(shù)、計算機(jī)技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)、fl 技術(shù)、電 電子技術(shù)、技術(shù)、信息變技術(shù) 及 程技術(shù)體技術(shù)，”系 功能和化 ， 理 與功能，在功能、 、 能的 現(xiàn)特 功能 ， 使 系 化的系 工程技術(shù)。由 產(chǎn)生的功能系 ， 成為一 機(jī)電一體化系 機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品。，“機(jī)電一體化” “技術(shù)”和“產(chǎn)品” 方 。是，機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)是基于 述體技術(shù) 機(jī) 的一綜 技術(shù)， 不是機(jī)械技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù) 及其 技術(shù)的簡 、 。 是機(jī)電一體化與機(jī)械電氣所形成的機(jī)械電氣化在概 的本。機(jī)械工程技術(shù) 技術(shù)發(fā)展 機(jī)械電氣化， fl 機(jī)械，其 要功能然是代和 大的體 。是發(fā)展 機(jī)電一體化 ，其中的微電子 代 機(jī)械 的 功能外，能 的功能， 動 、 動 理信息、 動錄、 動調(diào)節(jié)與 制 動診斷與保護(hù)。即機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品不僅是人的手與肢體的延伸，是人的 官與頭腦的眼神，具 智能化的特征是機(jī)電一體化與機(jī)械電氣化在功能 的本。3機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展大體 分為3 階 。20世紀(jì)60年代 前為第一階 ， 一階 為初級階 。在 一時期，人們 覺不 覺地利fi電子技術(shù)的初步成果 完善機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的能。特是在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，戰(zhàn)爭刺激了機(jī)械產(chǎn)品與電子技術(shù)的結(jié) ，機(jī)電結(jié) 的軍fi技術(shù)，戰(zhàn) 轉(zhuǎn)為民fi，對戰(zhàn) 經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù) 了積極的作fi。那時研制和開發(fā) 體 看 于 發(fā)狀態(tài)。由于當(dāng)時電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展尚未達(dá) 一 水平，機(jī)械技術(shù)與電子技術(shù)的結(jié) 不能廣泛和深入發(fā)展， 經(jīng)開發(fā)的產(chǎn)品 無法大 推2長春理工大學(xué)光電信息學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計廣。20世紀(jì)7080年代為第二階 ， 為蓬勃發(fā)展階 。 一時期，計算機(jī)技術(shù)、 制技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展，為機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展奠 了技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。大規(guī)模、超大規(guī)模集成電路和微 計算機(jī)的迅猛發(fā)展，為機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展提供了充分的物基礎(chǔ)。 時期的特是：mechatronics一詞首先在日本普遍受，大約 20世紀(jì)80年代末期在世界范圍內(nèi) 比較廣泛的承認(rèn)；機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品 了極大發(fā)展；國均開始對機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品給 很大的關(guān)注和支持。20世紀(jì)90年代 期，開始了機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)向智能化方向邁 的 階 ，機(jī)電一體化 入深入發(fā)展時期。一方 ，光學(xué)、通信技術(shù) 入了機(jī)電一體化，微細(xì)工技術(shù) 在機(jī)電一體化中嶄露頭腳，現(xiàn)了光機(jī)電一體化和微機(jī)電一體化 分支；另一方 對機(jī)電一體化系 的建模設(shè)計、分析和集成方法，機(jī)電一體化的學(xué)科體系和發(fā)展趨勢都 行了深入研究。同時，由于人工智能技術(shù)、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)及光纖技術(shù)領(lǐng)域 的巨大 步，為機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)開辟了發(fā)展的廣闊天地。 研究， 促使機(jī)電一體化一步建立完 的基礎(chǔ)和 形成完 的科學(xué)體系。 國是20世紀(jì)80年代初 開始在 方 研究和 fi。國 院成立了機(jī)電一體化領(lǐng)導(dǎo)技術(shù) 為“863計 ”中。在制 “ ”規(guī) 和2010年發(fā)展 要時充分了國 關(guān)于機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)的發(fā)展動向和由 能 的 。大 院 、研究機(jī)構(gòu)及一 大中 業(yè)對 一技術(shù)的發(fā)展及 fi 了大 的工作，不 了一 成果，與日本先 國 比 當(dāng) 。4機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展趨勢機(jī)電一體化是集機(jī)械、電子、光學(xué)、 制、計算機(jī)、信息學(xué)科的交叉綜 ， 的發(fā)展和 步 促 關(guān)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和 步。 ，機(jī)電一體化的 要發(fā)展方向 ：4.1智能化智能化是21世紀(jì)機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)發(fā)展的一 要發(fā)展方向。人工智能在機(jī)電一體化建設(shè) 的研究日 ，機(jī)人與 機(jī)的智能化是 要 fi。 所的“智能化”是對機(jī)行為的述，是在 制理論的基礎(chǔ) ，currency1人工智能、“學(xué)、計算機(jī)科學(xué)、模學(xué)、理學(xué)、生理學(xué)和fi動 學(xué) fl 、 方法，模人智能，使 具 斷推理、 fl、 能 ， ”的 制。然，使機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品具 與人完 同的智能，是不能的， 是不必要的。是，能、速的微 理使機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品 級智能 人的分智能， 是完能必要的。4.2模 化模 化是一 要 巨的工程。由于機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品和生產(chǎn) ，研制和開發(fā)具 機(jī)械、電氣、動 、的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品是一分復(fù)是 要的。研制集速、智能調(diào)速、電機(jī)于一體的動 ，具覺、 理、和 功能的 制， 及能完成 作的機(jī)械 。 ，利fi迅速開發(fā) 產(chǎn)品，同時 大生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。 要制 ， 、的 和。由于利 ， 期很 制 國 國內(nèi)方 的， 通 建一 大 業(yè) 形成。 然，電氣產(chǎn)品的化、系化 的 ，無論是對生產(chǎn)機(jī)電一體化的 業(yè)是對生產(chǎn)機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的 業(yè)，規(guī)模化 給機(jī)電一體化 業(yè) 的前程。4.3網(wǎng)絡(luò)化20世紀(jì)90年代，計算機(jī)技術(shù)的 成是網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的 和 速發(fā)展給3長春理工大學(xué)光電信息學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計科學(xué)技術(shù)、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、 、軍、 人 日 生 都 了巨大的變革。網(wǎng)絡(luò) 經(jīng)濟(jì)、生產(chǎn)成一， 業(yè)間的爭 化。機(jī)電一體化 產(chǎn)品一研制 ，要其功能 ， ，很 。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及，基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的程 制和 技術(shù)方 未 ， 程 制的 設(shè) 本 是機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品?，F(xiàn) 和域網(wǎng)技術(shù)是 fi電網(wǎng)絡(luò)化 成大勢，利fi 網(wǎng)絡(luò)(home net) fi電成 計算機(jī)為中的計算機(jī)集成 電系 (computer integrated appliance system, CIAS)，使人們在 分技術(shù) 的 利與 。 ，機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品無 網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展。4.4微 化微 化 于20世紀(jì)80年代末， 的是機(jī)電一體化向微 機(jī)和微“領(lǐng)域發(fā)展的趨勢。國外 其為微電子機(jī)械系 MEMS ，泛 幾何尺寸不超 1cm3的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品， 向微米、納米級發(fā)展。微機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品體積 、能少、動靈 ，在生物醫(yī)療、軍、信息方 具 不比的勢。微機(jī)電一體化發(fā)展的瓶頸在于微機(jī)械技術(shù)，微機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的工采fi精細(xì)工技術(shù)，即超精密技術(shù)， 包currency1光刻技術(shù)和蝕刻技術(shù) 。4.5綠色化工業(yè)的發(fā)達(dá)給人們生 了巨大變化。一方 ，物豐富，生 舒適；另一方 ，資源少，生態(tài)受 嚴(yán) 污染。于是，人們呼吁保護(hù)資源，回歸 然。綠色產(chǎn)品概在 呼聲 生，綠色化是時代的趨勢。綠色產(chǎn)品在其設(shè)計、制造、使fi和 毀的生命 程中，符 特 的保護(hù)和人健康的要，對生態(tài)無害 危害極少，資源利fi率極。 4.6系 化系 化的表現(xiàn)特征之一是系 體系結(jié)構(gòu) 一步采fi開 式和模式化的 結(jié)構(gòu)。系 靈 態(tài)， 行任剪裁和 ，同時尋現(xiàn)子系 協(xié)調(diào) 制和綜 管理。表現(xiàn)之二是通信功能的大大強(qiáng)，一般 RS232外， RS485、DCS人格化。未 的機(jī)電一體化”注 產(chǎn)品與人的關(guān)系，機(jī)電一體化的人格化 層含。一層是，機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的 使fi對象是人，何機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品人的智能、情 、人 越 越 要，特是對 fi機(jī)人，其層界是人機(jī)一體化。另一層是模仿生物機(jī)理，研制機(jī)電一體花產(chǎn)品。 ，機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品都是受動物的啟發(fā)研制 的。5結(jié)語綜 所述，機(jī)電一體化的現(xiàn)不是孤立的， 是科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展的結(jié)晶，是社 生產(chǎn) 發(fā)展 一 階 的必然要。當(dāng)然，與機(jī)電一體化 關(guān)的技術(shù) 很， 且 科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，技術(shù) 互 的趨勢 越 越明 ，機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)的廣闊發(fā)展前景 越 越光明。英文文4長春理工大學(xué)光電信息學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計Integration of machinery present situation and development tendency Abstract : The integration of machinery was the modern science and technology development inevitable result, this article has summarized the integration of machinery technology basic outline and the development background. Summarized the domestic and foreign in tegrations of machinery technology present situation, the analysis integration of machinery technology development tendency. Key word : Integration of machinery technology present situation product manufacture technological development tendency1. introduction The modern science and technology unceasing development, enormously impelled different discipline intersecting with the seepage, has caused the project domain technological revolution and the transformation. In mechanical engineering domain, because the microelectron technology and the computer technology rapid development and its forms to the mechanical industry seepage the integration of machinery, caused the mechanical industry the technical structure, the product organization, the function and the constitution, the production method and the management system has had the huge change, caused the industrial production to step into the integration of machinery by the machinery electrification for the characteristic development phase.2. integrations of machinery outlinesThe integration of machinery is refers in the organization new owner function, the power function, in the information processing function and the control function introduces the electronic technology, unifies the system the mechanism and the electron design and software which constitutes always to call.Mechatronics development since has become one has its own system of new disciplines, as science and technology is developing, will be given new content. However, its basic characteristics can be summarized as : electromechanical integration is from the system point of view, the integrated use of machinery technology, electronics technology, automatic control technology, computer technology, information technology, sensor monitoring technology, power electronics technology, interface technology, Transform information technology and software programming technology, and other technical groups, according to target functional and optimization objectives of the Organization, rational distribution and the distribution of the functional unit, multi-function, high-quality, high reliability, Energy-efficient realization of the significance of specific functions, which makes the whole system optimization of systems engineering technology. And the resulting functional systems, electromechanical integration into a system or electromechanical integration products.Therefore, mechatronics covered technical and product two aspects. However, electromechanical integration technology is based on the above-mentioned groups, organic 5長春理工大學(xué)光電信息學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計fusion technology an integrated technology, which is not mechanical technology, microelectronics technology, and other new technologies simple combination of patchwork. This is the mechanical and electrical integration and electrical machinery and processing machinery formed by electrification in the fundamental concept of distinction. Mechanical engineering technology purely technical development of electric machinery, the machinery is still traditional, Its main function is still to replace and enlarge the physical. However, the development of electromechanical integration, which the microelectronics devices may replace some mechanical parts of the original function, also given many new functions, such as the automatic detection, automatic processing, automatic record Automatic adjustment and control automatic diagnosis and protection. That is, electromechanical integration products is not only the hands and limbs extended, or the sensations and minds of the eyes, with the characteristics of intelligent mechatronics and mechanical functions in the electrification of the essential difference between.3. Electromechanical integration of development Electromechanical integration, the development can be roughly divided into three stages. 20 1960s before the first stage, the stage called the initial stage. During this period, people unconsciously use of electronic technology in the preliminary results to perfect the performance of mechanical products. Especially during the Second World War, a war to stimulate the machinery and electronic technologies, These electromechanical combination of military technology to civilian use after the war, the post-war economic recovery played a positive role. At that time, research and development on the whole is still in a state of spontaneous. Due to the time of the development of electronic technology has not yet reached a certain level. Mechanical Technology and the integration of electronic technology is still impossible to extensive and in-depth development, and has developed products are not widely promoted. 20 Century 70 80 years for the second stage, known as the flourishing development stage. During this period, computer technology, control technology, communications technology, electromechanical integration of development laid a technological basis. Massive, super-scale integrated circuits and micro-computer rapid development electromechanical integration of the development provided adequate material basis. This period is characterized by : mechatronics first term in Japan is generally acceptable, Some of the 20th century, the late 1980s the world will be more widely accepted； electromechanical integration technologies and products to be a tremendous development； countries have started to electromechanical integration technologies and products give a great deal of concern and support. 20 late 1990s and began electromechanical integration technology to intelligent direction of the new stage, electromechanical integration into the in-depth development period. On one hand, optical, communication technology into the electromechanical integration, microfabrication technology has electromechanical integration, which would take place the first leg, a-mechanical-electrical integration, and micro-electromechanical integration of new branches； on the other hand, electromechanical integration system modeling design, Analysis and Integration, electromechanical integration of disciplines and development trends have conducted in-depth research. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence technology and neural network technology and fiber technology, and other fields made tremendous progress, 6長春理工大學(xué)光電信息學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計electromechanical integration of technology has opened up a vast world of development. These studies will help further establish mechatronics integrity of the foundation and gradually form a complete scientific system. China is from the 1980s of the 20th century only at the beginning of studies in this respect and application. The State Council has established a leading group electromechanical integration, and the technology as the 863 Program. For the Ninth Five-Year Plan planning and development program in 2010 when full account of international electromechanical integration of technology development trends and the resulting potential impact. Many tertiary education institutions, research institutes and large and medium-sized enterprises in some of this technology development and application done a lot of work, not achieved certain results, but with Japan and other advanced countries still have a considerable gap.4. Electromechanical integration, the development trend Mechatronics combines mechanical, electronic, optical, control, computer, information and other multidisciplinary cross-integrated, its development and progress and to promote reliance on technology related to development and progress. Therefore, electromechanical integration, the main direction of development is as follows :4.1 IntelligentIntelligent 21st century electromechanical integration of technological development an important development direction. Artificial Intelligence in electromechanical integration of builders is receiving increasing attention, CNC machine tools and robots intelligent application is important. Here the intelligent to describe the machinery is in control theory on the basis of absorption artificial intelligence, operations research, computer science, fuzzy math, psychology, physiology and chaotic dynamics of new ideas, new methods, simulate human intelligence, it is judgment, reasoning, logical thinking and independent decision-making ability, in order to get a higher control objectives. Indeed, to make the integrated products is identical with the people on the wisdom, it is impossible, but also unnecessary. However, the high performance, high-speed microprocessors to make the integrated products are endowed with low intelligence or of some smart, it is entirely possible and necessary. 4.2 Modular Modularity is an important and difficult project. Mechanical and electrical integration product lines and numerous manufacturers, research and development interface with the standard mechanical, electrical interface, Dynamic Interface, environment interface modules electromechanical integration products is a very complex but very important things. If developed Set slowdown, the smart governor, the electrical characteristics of the power unit with vision, image processing, Identification and location of the functions of the control unit and can be completed various typical-operated mechanical device. Thus, the use of standard cell can quickly develop new products, while also expanding production scale. This requires the development of standards for the various components, modules and interface matching. Due to a conflict of interest, the recent difficult to develop an international or national standards in this regard. But through the formation of some large enterprises have gradually formed. Clearly, the standardization of electrical products and serialization of the benefits can be sure, Whether to production standards electromechanical integration of enterprises or units of production electromechanical integration of enterprise products, scale enterprises 7長春理工大學(xué)光電信息學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計electromechanical integration will bring about a better future. 4.3 Network90s of the 20th century, computer technology is an outstanding achievement in networking technology. Network Technology and the rise to the rapid development of science and technology, industrial production, political, military, Education act everyday life are what people have brought tremendous changes. Various networks to the global economy, as a production company, and inter-enterprise competition will globalization. Electromechanical integration of new products once developed, as long as their unique functional, reliable, and will soon be sold all over the world. Due to the popularity of the network, the network-based remote control and monitoring technology is ascendant. and the remote control terminal equipment itself is mechatronics products. Fieldbus and LAN technology is the network of household appliances has become the trend, use home network (home net) will be linked into various household appliances to computers at the center of computer integrated home appliances system (computer integrated appliance system, CIAS), so that people at home sharing the various high-tech facilities and happiness. Therefore, electromechanical integration, network products undoubtedly towards the direction of development. 4.4 miniaturization Miniature rise in the 20th century the end of the 1980s, refers to the integration of micro-electromechanical machines and the micro trend of development. Foreign known as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), refers to the geometric size of more than 1 cm3 of mechatronics products, and Micron, nano-level development. MEMS integration products small size, less consumption, exercise flexibility in biological medical, military, , and other aspects of information due to the advantages. Micro-electro-mechanical integration is the bottleneck MEMS technology, micro-electromechanical integration products are processed using sophisticated processing technologies. that the ultra-sophisticated technology, including lithography and etching techniques two. 4.5 Green Industry developed for the peoples living brought tremendous changes. On one hand, material wealth, living comfortable； The other hand, a reduction of resources, the ecological environment has been seriously polluted. So, people called for the protection of the environment and resources, and return to nature. Green product concept came into being under such voices, green is the trend of the times. Green products in its design, manufacture, use and destruction of the life process, meet specific environmental and human health, at t