朗文4A Chapter 3復(fù)習(xí)提要.doc

朗文英語(yǔ)4A復(fù)習(xí)提要Chapter 3： When our grandparents were young當(dāng)我們爺爺奶奶（外婆外公）小的時(shí)候 I. 經(jīng)過(guò)第3章的學(xué)習(xí)，下面的新單詞我們要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地讀（read them correctly），知道它們的中文意思(know the Chinese meaning)，不看書進(jìn)行英漢互譯(translate)，并且還要會(huì)拼寫(spell)。countable noun (可數(shù)cn.)uncountable noun (不可數(shù)un.)CD碟片、CDchewing gum口香糖(chew咀嚼)comic漫畫書cola可樂(lè)clock鐘fast food快餐air-con(air-conditioner) 空調(diào)mobile phone手機(jī)、移動(dòng)電話*注意：an air-con 一臺(tái)空調(diào)II.句型。下面的關(guān)鍵句型我們要會(huì)讀(read), 知道意思(know the Chinese meaning), 會(huì)根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)境來(lái)運(yùn)用(use them in different contexts)， 會(huì)寫(write them correctly)。- Was there any cola when you were young，Grandpa?- Yes, there was. （肯定回答）- Was there any fast food when you were young?- No, there wasnt.（否定回答）- Were there any air-cons when you were young, Grandma?- Yes, there were.（肯定回答）- Were there any mobile phones when you were young, Grandma? - No, there werent.（否定回答)總結(jié)：當(dāng)名詞是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be 動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)(is，was)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí), be 動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)（are, were）?？偨Y(jié)如下： is/was + 不可數(shù)名詞/ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)are/were + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)some和any 的用法如下：一些 都可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)some用在肯定句中any用在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中*注意：Grandpa和Grandma一般用語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)稱呼，其結(jié)構(gòu)一般是“，Grandpa/Grandma”。而grandfather和grandmother一般用語(yǔ)書面語(yǔ)。在以下兩種情況下 “grandma/grandpa/dad/mum”在表示稱呼的時(shí)候首字母要大寫，1） 直接稱呼時(shí)；2） 跟別人談到自己的爺爺、奶奶、外公、外婆、爸爸、媽媽時(shí)，前面沒(méi)有加任何修飾成分時(shí)前面有修飾語(yǔ)（如my時(shí)），稱呼詞的首字母用大寫。例如：1. How are you today, Mum?2. My mom is reading in the bedroom.3. Were they any air-cons when you were young, Grandma?4. Tom was playing computer games and his grandfather was watching him. 當(dāng)然，如果there be句型的學(xué)習(xí)只是局限在書上，那么各位考試的時(shí)候就悲催啦。請(qǐng)參照there be句型提要（見(jiàn)附錄）復(fù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)再?gòu)?fù)習(xí)。III. C部分學(xué)完后，你們要達(dá)到以下的要求哦。1） 可以準(zhǔn)確而流利地背誦出C部分。2） 對(duì)于書上筆記的單詞，短語(yǔ)和句子要會(huì)讀，知道意思，會(huì)拼寫。3） 對(duì)于下面的單詞和固定搭配以及句子要準(zhǔn)確而流利地讀出來(lái)，而且要能夠英漢互譯。下面，我們就來(lái)檢查一下吧。1. play computer games玩電腦游戲2. fly kites放風(fēng)箏 （fly-flies-flew）3. make nets織網(wǎng)(make-makes-made)4. catch butterflies捉蝴蝶(catch-catches-caught)從以上四個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)可以看出，一般情況下（除固定搭配，例如play football, play hopscotch等等）動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)中，可數(shù)名詞不單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)（怕孤單?。。?，要不前面加a或者an,要不后面加s（注意中文含義不同）。例如：read books讀書read a book讀一本書read book 5. play hopscotch 跳房子（hopscotch不可數(shù)名詞）6. draw a circle畫一個(gè)圓7. on the ground在地上8. in the middle在中間9. shooter marbles 射手彈珠10. flickinto彈進(jìn)去11. hitout把撞出去12. keep (kept)保留13. go out of 走到外面14. lose (lost) 輸?shù)?5. stay in待在里16. happen(happened)發(fā)生17. we were out 我們輸了 = we lost the game.18. win(won) 贏19. a lot of = lots of很多 (后接不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))20. a lot（副詞）很多，非常 （修飾動(dòng)詞）21. sound聽(tīng)起來(lái)22. come along 來(lái)吧23. special特別的4) 對(duì)于下列文中出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在時(shí)， 要求：知意，會(huì)讀，會(huì)拼寫，會(huì)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和時(shí)態(tài)自由轉(zhuǎn)換。Present tensePast tensefly(flies)flewmake(makes)madecatch(catches)caughtputputkeepkepthithitwinwonloselosthappenhappened5) 對(duì)于下面的一些詞組和句型，我們要準(zhǔn)確而流利地讀出來(lái)，能夠英漢互譯，還要會(huì)運(yùn)用和拓展。1. Tom was playing computer games. Tom 正在玩電腦游戲His grandfather was watching him. 他的祖父正在看著他。正在進(jìn)行時(shí)：be +doing（正在做某事）現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行時(shí)：I am +doing She/He/It/ Lucy/Lily/Sam/My mum is+doing You/They/We/Sam and Lily are +doing過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行時(shí)：I was +doing She/He/It/ Lucy/Lily/Sam/My mum was+doing You/They/We/Sam and Lily were +doing2. The game I like best was marbles. 我最喜歡的游戲是彈珠?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：Thesb like/likes best is（謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)變化）拓展舉例：The game I like best is marbles. The fruit I like best is mangoes. The book I like best is Gone with the Wind. The sport he likes best is jogging.3. How do you play marbles, Grandpa? 爺爺，你怎么玩彈珠的？基本結(jié)構(gòu)：How do you + 動(dòng)詞原形? 你怎么? 拓展舉例：How do you cook your favourite food? How does he play hopscotch?4. It sounds fun! 聽(tīng)起來(lái)有趣！基本結(jié)構(gòu)： sound+形容詞：聽(tīng)起來(lái)（sound在句子中是系動(dòng)詞） look+形容詞：看起來(lái)拓展舉例：It sounds boring. It sounds interesting. You look beautiful today. He looks so tall this year.5. We wanted to hit other marbles out. 我們想把其他的彈珠撞出去。hitout把撞出去拓展舉例：Tom hits Jerry out. He hits the ball out of the playground.He hit me out of the classroom yesterday.6. Sometimes I won a lot of marbles and sometimes I lost a lot too.有時(shí)候我贏很多彈珠，有時(shí)候我也會(huì)輸?shù)艉芏?。Sometimesand sometimes有時(shí)候有時(shí)候(and連接兩個(gè)短句)拓展舉例：Sometimes I eat out and sometimes I eat at home too.Sometimes I do my homework in the living room and sometimes I do my homework in the bedroom too.注意：a lot of( lots of) +不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；a lot是一個(gè)副詞，放在句末，后面不能跟名詞。比如：I have a lot of marbles. = I have lots of marbles.She has a lot of chewing gum. = She has lots of chewing gum.Thanks a lot.My grandparents played marbles a lot when they were young.IV. Part E1) New words and phrases for Part E. E部分新單詞和詞組。要求：對(duì)于以下單詞和詞組要會(huì)讀，會(huì)英漢互譯。書上記筆記的單詞還要會(huì)拼寫。1. wear trainers 穿運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋 2. use credit cards 使用信用卡3. have a telephone 有一部電話4. listen to the radio 聽(tīng)收音機(jī);聽(tīng)廣播 (radio復(fù)數(shù)形式為radios)5. shop at supermarkets 在超市購(gòu)物 (超市作單數(shù)在詞組中表達(dá)為：shop at the supermarket)6. go to school 去學(xué)校7. rich 富有的8. poor貧窮的;可憐的9. people人們（復(fù)數(shù)）10. children孩子們（復(fù)數(shù)）11. check 檢查2）語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):there be句型以及Did you?句型There werent any credit cards.There werent any supermarkets.總結(jié)：were后面加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；否定句中用any。- Did you wear trainers fifty years ago?- Yes, I did.- Did you use credit cards?- No, I didnt.總結(jié)：did后面跟動(dòng)詞原形（“打一次”）。V. Part F.1）New words and phrases. 新單詞和詞組。要求：知道意思，會(huì)讀。1. a rickshaw 一輛黃包車、一輛人力車2. an oil lamp 一盞油燈3. clogs木屐；木底鞋4. a camera 一部相機(jī) 5. a fan 一把扇子/風(fēng)扇6. a stove 一只爐子7. keep cool 保持涼爽8. take photos 拍照9. at night 在晚上10. foot (單數(shù): right foot; left foot)-feet(復(fù)數(shù))2）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。要求：知道中文意思，會(huì)讀，會(huì)拼寫。Present tensePast tensecook 煮飯cookeduse 使用usedtake photos拍照took photoswear穿wore ride騎rode （3） 介詞1. People cooked on stoves. (on表示“在上面”)2. People took photos with a camera.（with表示“用”）3. People use a fan to keep cool. (to表示目的，“為了”)4. People wore clogs on their feet. (on表示“在上面”)5. People used oil lamps at night.（at night, at noon， in the morning/afternoon/evening）6. People rode in a rickshaw.(in表示“在里面)VIPart G. 要求：知道每句話的意思，會(huì)背，出現(xiàn)的新詞還要能英漢互譯。1. wake up(woke up) 醒來(lái)2. put on(put on) 穿上3. wash face with cold water 用冷水洗臉4. congee and noodles粥和面條 (congeen粥 不可數(shù)名詞un.)5. rice, vegetables and salted fish 米飯，蔬菜和咸魚(rice米飯 fish魚肉是不可數(shù)名詞un.)6. at 6 oclock在六點(diǎn)7. I had congee and noodles for breakfast.I had rice, vegetables and salted fish for lunch.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：havefor breakfast/lunch/dinner.早餐、午餐、晚餐吃例如：- What did you have for lunch?- I had some rice, an egg and some soup for lunch.- What did you have for breakfast?- I had milk, bread and congee for breakfast.8. cook dinner做晚飯9. at uncles store在叔叔的商店10. I helped my mum cook dinner.我?guī)椭覌寢屪鐾盹?。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：help sb do 幫助某人做She helps her mum do housework.She is helping her friends do homework.Do you want to help me wash dishes?附錄：there be 句型專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)提要構(gòu)成：There be .句型表示的是“某處有(存在)某人或某物”基本結(jié)構(gòu)：There be(is, are, was, were)+名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).否定句：There be句型否定句式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其它句型一樣，在be后加上“not”。也可用“no”來(lái)表示。例如：There is an orange in her bag.There isnt an orange in her bag.There is no orange in her bag.There are some oranges in her bag.There arent any oranges in her bag.There are no oranges in her bag.There is some juice in the bottle.There isnt any juice in the bottle.There is no juice in the bottle.一般疑問(wèn)句：There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問(wèn)句變化只需把be動(dòng)詞移到句首，some改為any, and 改為or，第一人稱要變第二人稱（I you, my-your, we-you, our-your）再在句尾加上問(wèn)號(hào)即可。例如：There is some money in her handbag.Is there any money in her handbag? (疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，some改為any, something改為anything, and 改為or.)There was some cola and mobile phones when I was young.There wasnt any cola or mobile phones when I was young.Was there any cola or mobile phones when you were young?*注意：there be句型中的be動(dòng)詞由時(shí)態(tài)（現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)）以及后面名詞（單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)）來(lái)決定。例如There is a basketball in the box.There is some milk in the glass.There was some water in the cup last night.There are many birds in the tree.There were many people in the street yesterday.在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或者是不可數(shù)名詞的時(shí)候，不能用some只能用any.例如：Was there any cola when you were young?Were there any mobile phones 100 years ago?There isnt any food now.There wasnt any black tea when I was young.there be遵循就近原則：there be句型后面如果跟兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的名詞，be動(dòng)詞由時(shí)態(tài)以及離它最近的名詞來(lái)決定，也就是“就近原則”。例如：There is an orange and some bananas in the basket. There are some bananas and an orange in the basket. Was there any cola or hamburgers when you were young? There werent any hamburgers or cola when I was young. there be句型練習(xí)一、填空1. There _ some hamburgers on the table now.2. _ there any orange juice 100 years ago?3.