名詞性從句語法.doc

Moduel 1 unit1 Grammar 名詞性從句Noun Clauses 在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞或名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。例：主語 His job is important.What he does is important.表語 This is his job.This is what he does every day.賓語 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位語 I dont know about the man, Mr. WhiteI dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.主語從句 “It” is used as empty subject.為避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語。1. It is certain that he will succeed.2. It is not known whether he will go there.3. It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.在下列句型中通常用引導(dǎo)主語從句1. Its likely / possible / important / necessary / clear that 很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚2. Its said / reported that 據(jù)說/據(jù)報道3. It seems / appears / happens that 似乎/好像/碰巧.4. Its been announced / declared that已經(jīng)通知/宣布5. Its no wonder that 并不奇怪/無疑6. Its a pity / a fact / common knowledge (眾所周知)/ a common saying (俗話說) that賓語從句賓語從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語成分(可以作謂語動詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語動詞的賓語)連接詞有 連詞that, whether, if (that常可省略)連接代詞who, what, which, whoever, whatever, 連接副詞 when where why how注意：1. whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句 當(dāng)whether后緊跟or/or not時,不用if.I dont know whether I will stay or not. 介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 2. that在賓語從句中的省略與保留 在主+謂+it (形式賓語) +賓補(bǔ)+that從句(真正賓語)的句型中不省略We must make it clear that we mean what we say. 由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,第二個that不省略。He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.表語從句表語從句: 在句中充當(dāng)表語成分，一般放在系動詞之后。 作用: 對主語進(jìn)行解釋說明。連接詞： 連詞that / whether / as if / as though (if不引導(dǎo)表語從句)連接代詞who / whom / whose / which / what連接副詞when / where / why / how / because 同位語從句同位語從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞(idea; belief; fact; truth; problem; news等)后面，對名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明。同位語從句常用that引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞when / where / why / how / whether Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.REFERENCE 名詞性從句考點歸納一、名詞性從句的語序(1) 名詞性從句構(gòu)成有兩種a. that + 陳述句That light travels in straight lines is known to all.b. 疑問詞+句子的剩余成分This is what we are looking for.(2) 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用陳述句語序，不能用一般疑問句語序。T or F1. 他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )2. 你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( )二、名詞性從句連接詞的選用(1) that 和what 的選用that 和 what 都可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞性從句。但是，what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，可作從句的主語、賓語、或表語。而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用。that ? what1. _ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3. The result is _ we won the game.4. This is _ we want to know.5. Is _ he told us true?6. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did (2) if和whether 的選用 不能使用if 的情況:a. 主語從句 b. 表語從句 c. 同位語從句 d. 介詞后的賓語從句e. whether to do 做動詞賓語不能用if to do.f. 與 or not 連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時不用if. whether ? if1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7. The doctor can hardly answer the question_ the old man will recover soon.8. I havent decided _ to go there.(3)其它連接代詞和副詞的使用主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義，正確的選擇 who, which, when, where, why, how 等連接詞，這些連接詞既具有疑問含義，又起連接作用，同時在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分。1. 我們何時舉行運(yùn)動會還沒有決定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.2. 我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.3. 我不知道他長的什么樣子。I have no idea _ he looks like.4. 這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.(4) that可省略的情況：單個賓語從句中的that可省略that不可省略的情況： 主語從句 表語從句 同位語從句用it做形式賓語的賓語從句并列的賓語從句中的后幾個從句的引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略that ? (that)1. I dont think _ she is coming.2. It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3. The reason is _ he is careless.4. The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5. I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6. He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.三 同位語從句的引導(dǎo)和辨別1.同位語從句的格式：n. + 連接詞 + 從句2.能接同位語從句的名詞有：fact, idea, news, order, belief, suggestion, advice, information等3.連接詞通常是that,也可根據(jù)含義選用whether, what, when, where等來引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 that/whether/where/how1. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3. He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4. I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt _ he will win. 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別1. 定語從句是先行詞的修飾語, 它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語從句中that不但起連接作用, 而且在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個句子成分, 充當(dāng)從句的賓語成分時可省略。2. 同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋和說明, 表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that在同位語從句中不做任何成分, 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that在同位語從句中不做任何成分, 只起連接作用, 無具體含義, 且不可省略。AT ? AV1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.1. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.注意：名詞demand, suggestion, proposal, advice等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣, 結(jié)構(gòu)為 should + do, should可省略 He gave me a suggestion that I (should) be calm now.小測試：1.They expressed the hope _ they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2. The fact _ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3. I have no idea _ he will come back. A. where B. when C. what D. if4. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that5. Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week. A. what B. whether C. that D. which6. The question is _ the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 7. They received orders _ the work be done at once. A. which B. when C. / D. that 8. The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because 9. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because10. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if11. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that12. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon13. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break14. It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A. how B. that C. when D. what15. - Can I help you? - Yes, do you know _? A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes16. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if17. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what18. It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how19. It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how20. It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. was thought that D. is thought that21. You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where22. This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what23. The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when24. The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what25. The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has