狀語(yǔ)從句 教師卷10.doc

狀語(yǔ)從句（教師卷）定義：在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞和副詞等的從句。功能：狀語(yǔ)從句在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞，或整個(gè)主句。分類(lèi)：按意義可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句。位置：從句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首時(shí)，從句后面常用一個(gè)逗號(hào)，放在句末時(shí)，從句前一般不用逗號(hào)。一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，常用when, while, before, after, since, until (till), as soon as等引導(dǎo)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可以放在句首、句中和句尾。1. when表示“當(dāng)時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作可以發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前、之后，也可同時(shí)發(fā)生。It was snowing when we got to the airport.It began to rain when we were walking in the park.2. while表示“當(dāng)時(shí)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作過(guò)程之中，或兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 While we were dancing, a stranger came in. I was writing a letter while my brother was cooking.【注意】 when既指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也指一段時(shí)間，而while只指一段時(shí)間，因此when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而while從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；如果主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用while引導(dǎo)，也可以用when。while能用when代替，when不一定能用while代替。When the teacher came in, we were talking.當(dāng)主從句位置交換時(shí)，則為：While / When we were talking, the teacher came in.In the party, they were singing while / when we were dancing.* when和while還可以做并列連詞，when表示“在那時(shí)”，while表示“而，卻”，表示對(duì)照關(guān)系。這時(shí)when和while不能互換。The children were running upstairs when they heard the sound of a car.孩子們正要跑上樓，這時(shí)他們聽(tīng)到了汽車(chē)的聲音。He likes staying at home while his brother prefers to go out. 他喜歡待在家里而他的兄弟更喜歡出去。3. until / till指的是某一延續(xù)性行為持續(xù)到某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)。主句謂語(yǔ)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用肯定句式，意為“做直到為止”；主句謂語(yǔ)為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)需要用否定句式，意為“直到才”。 Ill wait until / till the concert is over. (wait是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，肯定句) Dont leave until / till I arrive. (leave是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，否定句)【注意】用于句首時(shí)常用until。 Until you called me, I hadnt woken up.4. since表示“自某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)以來(lái)”，所引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用短暫性動(dòng)詞和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)和頻率。主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)必須強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的頻率或多次，多個(gè)。I have lived in Nanjing since I graduated from university. (live是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，graduate是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)I have returned home twice since I settled down in the States. (return是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，twice強(qiáng)調(diào)次數(shù)；settle是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)5. before表示“在之前”，有時(shí)譯為“之后才；沒(méi)來(lái)得及就”。After“在之后”。The train had already left before I arrived.All the birds flew away before I started to fire.James learnt Chinese cooking after he came to China.(6) as soon as表示“一就”。As soon as he heard the news, he jumped with joy.I wont go with you as soon as I finish my work.【注意】在when, until, as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，若表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。When I get there, I will ring you up.Melissa told me that as soon as she arrived, she would ring me up.I will go home until I finish all the work.二地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的常用引導(dǎo)詞有where, wherever等。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于to / in / from the place(s) where 或to / in / from any place where 結(jié)構(gòu)。We live where the road crosses the river. (= We live in the place where the road crosses the river.)我們住在河流與街道交叉的地方。Make marks wherever you have questions. (= Make marks in any place where you have questions.)在任何有問(wèn)題的地方作標(biāo)記?！咀⒁狻吭诘攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句之前，不要使用介詞?！惧e(cuò)】You should put the book at where it was.【對(duì)】You should put the book where it was.【錯(cuò)】We should go to where we are needed most.【對(duì)】We should go where we are needed most.三原因狀語(yǔ)從句在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為原因狀語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞有because等。because表示造成某種情況的直接原因，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，常用來(lái)回答由why提問(wèn)的問(wèn)句。because不能與 so連用。I didnt go to your birthday party because I was too busy.【注意】because后接原因狀語(yǔ)從句；復(fù)合介詞because of后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、what 從句等，是原因狀語(yǔ)，不是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。We didnt go to the seaside because the weather was not good. (原因狀語(yǔ)從句)= We didnt go to the seaside because of the bad weather. (原因狀語(yǔ))四目的狀語(yǔ)從句在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為目的狀語(yǔ)從句，常用的引導(dǎo)詞有so that, in order that等。so that, in order that表示“為了，以便”，所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)需要用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(may, might, will, would , can, could等)。so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后，而in order that常用于正式文體，可置于句首和句尾。The Giant Finn MacCool built the causeway so that his giantess girlfriend could walk to him across the sea without getting wet.In order that everyone present might hear her clearly, she raised her voice again.【注意】當(dāng)主從句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，so that和in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。They hurried so that they might not miss the train. They hurried so as not to miss the train.Betty saved money in order that she could buy a portable computer. Betty saved money in order to buy a portable computer.五結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句在句子中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，一般置于主句之后，其引導(dǎo)詞或短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有so that, so that , such that 等。1. so that除了可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句（通常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞），還可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。I didnt plan the work well so that I didnt finish it in time. 2. so . that 如此以致于，常用句型有四種，口語(yǔ)中that常省略。 so + 形容詞 + that-從句The tortoises are so heavy that you need six or eight people to lift them. so + 副詞 + that-從句 He drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life. so + 形容詞 + a / an + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) + that-從句He made so inspiring a speech that everybody got excited. so + many / few / much / little + 相應(yīng)形式的名詞 + that-從句I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over. I had so little money then that I couldnt even afford a used car.【注意】little表示“小”的時(shí)候，前面用such。He is such a little boy that he cant lift the box.3.such . that 如此以致于，其引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果語(yǔ)從句有如下三種結(jié)構(gòu)： such + a/an + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) + that-從句Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much. such + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + that-從句They are such interesting novels that all of us want to read them. such + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that-從句He made such rapid progress that the teacher praised him.【注意】such + a/an + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 可以和so + 形容詞 + a/an + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 互換。He told us such a funny story that we all laughed. He told us so funny a story that we all laughed. The story he told us was so funny that we all laughed.六條件狀語(yǔ)從句1. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句是表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的前提或條件的從句。條件狀語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有時(shí)還可置于主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間。常用引導(dǎo)詞有if, unless等。If he doesnt come at 8, we wont wait for him. He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business.【注意】unless相當(dāng)于if not，通?？梢曰Q。He wont be able to pass the final exams unless he works hard.=He wont be able to pass the final exams if he doesnt work hard.2. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句分為真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句和非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 真實(shí)條件句表示現(xiàn)實(shí)情況中可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況。當(dāng)條件被滿(mǎn)足后，按結(jié)果發(fā)生的可能性可分為零條件句和第一條件句。a. 零條件句用來(lái)描述客觀(guān)事實(shí)，科學(xué)現(xiàn)象或一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。主句從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。除了if，when也可以引導(dǎo)零條件句。If you put sugar in your tea, it becomes sweet. (客觀(guān)事實(shí))When things move, they sometimes collect static electricity. (科學(xué)現(xiàn)象)When I eat ice cream, I have a stomachache. (一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情)b. 第一條件句用于描述將來(lái)可能發(fā)生的事。從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，但是不能用be going to表示將來(lái)，該用shall, will。If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.【錯(cuò)】If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.【對(duì)】If you leave now, you will never regret it. 非真實(shí)條件句也叫虛擬條件句，表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)情況相反的假設(shè)情況。分為第二條件句和第三條件句。第二條件句用來(lái)描述將來(lái)不太可能發(fā)生的事情，或者和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的事件。時(shí)間概念從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞第一條件句將來(lái)可能發(fā)生的事do / does (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))will (shall / can / may) + do第二條件句與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反did / were (一般過(guò)去時(shí))would (should / could / might) + doIf I won a million dollars, I would travel around the world.I would be surprised if I saw pigs in the sky.七讓步狀語(yǔ)從句在句子中作讓步狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，由although, though, even if, even though, no matter + 疑問(wèn)詞 等引導(dǎo)。1. although, though雖然，盡管。although多用于句首，比though正式，多數(shù)情況下可與though換用。though可用于句首、句中或句末。Although his illness had prevented him from studying, he managed to pas the exam.I havent checked the information yet, though I think it is correct.My house, though it is large, is also made of stone and wood.【注意】although, though不能與but連用，但是可以與yet, still, nevertheless連用。Although / Though he blames me, yet I will trust him.Though he was hungry, still he would not eat.2. even if, even though這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)表示語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)的讓步，譯為“即使，盡管”。We wont be discouraged even if / though we fail ten times.Even if / though you fail, you will have gained experience.3. wh-ever類(lèi)詞，如however, whatever, whenever, wherever等，在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，?？蓳Q成“no matter + 相應(yīng)的wh-詞”。 Whenever Im unhappy (= No matter when Im unhappy), it is my friend who cheers me up. Ill wait for you, however late it is (= no matter how late it is).八比較狀語(yǔ)從句在句子中作比較狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為比較狀語(yǔ)從句，常用as和than引導(dǎo)。1. as . as , the same as用于同等程度級(jí)的比較，否定句用not so/as as, not the same as。Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.The result was not as / so good as I had expected.She works in the same building as my sister.2. than表示不同程度級(jí)的比較。It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.He is two inches taller than his father.= He is taller than his father by two inches.【倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法】 倍數(shù) + 名詞（+ of + 比較對(duì)象）。常用名詞：age, size, width, length, depth等。Our new school is four times the size of the old one. 倍數(shù) + as as + 比較對(duì)象Our new school is four times as big as the old one. 倍數(shù) + 形容詞 / 副詞比較級(jí) + than + 比較對(duì)象Our new school is four times bigger than the old one.九方式狀語(yǔ)從句在句子中作方式狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為方式狀語(yǔ)從句，常由as, as if, as though等詞引導(dǎo)。1. as 表示“正如，像”，其引導(dǎo)的從句通常位于主句后。Will you please do the experiment as I am doing?2. as if, as though意為“仿佛似的，好像似的”。當(dāng)從句所表示的情況是事實(shí)或具有很大可能性時(shí)，通常用陳述語(yǔ)氣；當(dāng)所表示的情況不是事實(shí)，而是主觀(guān)的想象或夸大性的比喻時(shí)，通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示現(xiàn)在的情況用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。I remember the whole thing as if / as though it happened yesterday.The injured man acted as if / as though nothing had happened to him.一、用橫線(xiàn)劃出下列句子中的狀語(yǔ)從句，并指出是哪種狀語(yǔ)從句1. He talks as if he knew all about it. 方式2. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him. 結(jié)果3. I shall go to the park unless it rains. 條件4. Where there is water, there is life. 地點(diǎn)5. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates. 目的6. Even if I fail, Ill never lose heart. 讓步7. I will find her wherever she may be. 讓步8. He was so excited that he couldnt fall asleep. 結(jié)果9. We must do everything as he tells us. 方式10. He was more successful than we had expected. 比較11. No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome. 讓步二、選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空when because whenever so that though whereveras even if than that as soon as since1. Dr. Bethune (白求恩) came to China when he was fifty.2. He began to work as soon as he got there.3. I like the English people, though I dont like their food.4. Wherever you go in China, you can see smiling faces.5. They will help you whenever you meet with difficulty.6. Since we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.7. I didnt join them yesterday evening because I had to go to an important meeting.8. We would try to get a car so that we could all travel together more easily.9. Were doing everything we can to make things as easy for you as they can be.10. The meeting became so disorderly that the speaker had to shout the audience down.11. He was angrier than ever before.12. Even if you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.三、選擇填空1. Ill let you know _ he comes back.A. beforeB. becauseC. as soon asD. although2. She will sing a song _ she is asked.A. ifB. unlessC. forD. since3. We will work _ we are needed.A. wheneverB. becauseC. sinceD. wherever4. Read it aloud _ the class can hear you.A. so thatB. ifC. whenD. although5. _ you go, dont forget your people.A. WheneverB. HoweverC. WhereverD. Whichever6. It is about ten years _ I met you last.A. sinceB. forC. whenD. as7. They will never succeed, _ hard they try.A. becauseB. howeverC. whenD. since8. _ still half drunk, he made his way home.A. WhenB. BecauseC. ThoughD. As9. _ she was very tired, she went on working.A. AsB. AlthoughC. EvenD. But10. It was _ that she couldnt finish it by herself.A. so difficult a workB. such a difficult workC. so difficult workD. such difficult work11. I learned a little Russian _ I was at middle school.A. thoughB. althoughC. as ifD. when13. _ difficult the task may be, we will try our best to complete it in time.A. No matterB. No wonderC. ThoughD. However14. She was _ tired _ she could not move an inch.A. so; thatB. such; thatC. very; thatD. so; as15. We didnt go home _ we finished the work.A. sinceB. untilC. becauseD. though16. Ill stay here _ everyone else has left.A. even ifB. as thoughC. becauseD. if17. Although its raining, _ are still working in the field.A. theyB. but theyC. and theyD. so they18. Speak to him slowly _ he may understand you better.A. sinceB. so thatC. forD. because19. Youll miss the train _ you hurry up.A. unlessB. asC. ifD. until20. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at whichB. at whereC. the placeD. where21. If you had enough money, what _? A. will you buyB. would you buyC. will you have boughtD. would you have bought22. _, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is heB. However he is late C. However is he lateD. However late he is23. He acted as if he _ everything in the world. A. knewB. knowsC. has knownD. wont know24. Mary is ill today. If she _, she _ absent from school. A. isnt ill; wont beB. were not ill; wouldnt be C. is ill; wontD. was ill; wouldnt be25. After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when26. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.A. whatB. howC. howeverD. whatever27. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star.A. when; thatB. until; thatC. until; whenD. when; then28. You may arrive in Beijing early _ you mind taking the night train.A. thatB. thoughC. unlessD. if29. Helen listened carefully _ she might discover exactly what she needed.A. in thatB. in order thatC