高中英語 Unit16 lesson3 Life Stories精品學(xué)案 北師大版選修6.doc

lesson 3 life stories 學(xué)案. background information- introduction to helen keller if helen keller were to shake hands with you today and then meet you and shake hands again five years later, she would remember you.mark twain once said, “the two most interesting characters of the nineteenth century are napoleon and helen keller.” when mark twain said that, helen keller was only fifteen years old. today she still remains one of the most interesting characters of the twentieth century.in 1882 a baby girl caught a fever that was so fierce she nearly died. she survived but the fever left its mark she could no longer see or hear. because she could not hear she also found it very difficult to speak. so how did this child, blinded and deafened at 19 months old, grow up to become a world-famous author and public speaker? the fever cut her off from the outside world, depriving her of sight and sound. it was as if she had been thrown into a dark prison cell from which there could be no release. luckily helen was not someone who gave up easily. soon she began to explore the world by using her other senses. she followed her mother wherever she went, hanging onto her skirts; she touched and smelled everything she came across. she copied their actions and was soon able to do certain jobs herself, like milking the cows or kneading dough, she even learnt to recognize people by feeling their faces or their clothes. she could also tell where she was in the garden by the smell of the different plants and the feel of the ground under her feet. by the age of seven she had invented over 60 different signs by which she could talk to her family, if she wanted bread for example, she would pretend to cut a loaf and butter the slices. if she wanted ice cream she wrapped her arms around herself and pretended to shiver. helen was unusual in that she was extremely intelligent and also remarkably sensitive. by her own efforts she had managed to make some sense of an alien and confusing world. but even so she had limitations. at the age of five helen began to realize she was different from other people. she noticed that her family did not use signs like she did but talked with their mouths. sometimes she stood between two people and touched their lips. she could not understand what they said and she could not make any meaningful sounds herself. she wanted to talk but no matter how she tried she could not make herself understood. this make her so angry that she used to hurl herself around the room, kicking and screaming in frustration. as she got older her frustration grew and her rages became worse and worse. she became wild and unruly. if she didnt get what she wanted she would throw tantrums until her family gave in. her favorite tricks included grabbing other peoples food from their plates and hurling fragile objects to the floor. once she even managed to lock her mother into the pantry. eventually it became clear that something had to be done. so, just before her seventh birthday, the family hired a private tutor anne sullivan. anne was careful to teach helen especially those subjects in which she was interested. as a result helen became gentler and she soon learnt to read and write in braille. she also learnt to read peoples lips by pressing her finger-tips against them and feeling the movement and vibrations. this method is called tadoma and it is a skill that very, very few people manage to acquire. she also learnt to speak, a major achievement for someone who could not hear at all. helen proved to be a remarkable scholar, graduating with honors from radcliff college in 1904. she had phenomenal powers of concentration and memory, as well as a dogged determination to succeed. while she was still at college she wrote the story of my life. this was an immediate success and earned her enough money to buy her own house. she toured the country, giving lecture after lecture. many books were written about her and several plays and films were made about her life. eventually she became so famous that she was invited abroad and received many honors from foreign universities and monarchs. in 1932 she became a vice-president of the royal national institute for the blind in the united kingdom. after her death in 1968 an organization was set up in her name to combat blindness in the developing world. today that agency, helen keller international, is one of the biggest organizations working with blind people overseas. 堅強的海倫凱勒 1882年，一名女嬰因高發(fā)燒差點喪命。她雖幸免于難，但發(fā)燒給她留下了后遺癥 她再也看不見、聽不見。因為聽不見，她想講話也變得很困難。 那么這樣一個在19個月時就既盲又聾的孩子，是如何成長為享譽世界的作家和演說家的呢？ 高燒將她與外界隔開，使她失去了視力和聲音。她仿佛置身在黑暗的牢籠中無法擺脫。 萬幸的是海倫并不是個輕易認(rèn)輸?shù)娜恕２痪盟烷_始利用其它的感官來探查這個世界了。她跟著母親，拉著母親的衣角，形影不離。她去觸摸，去嗅各種她碰到的物品。她模仿別人的動作且很快就能自己做一些事情，例如擠牛奶或揉面。她甚至學(xué)會靠摸別人的臉或衣服來識別對方。她還能靠聞不同的植物和觸摸地面來辨別自己在花園的位置。 七歲的時候她發(fā)明了60多種不同的手勢，靠此得以和家里人交流。比如她若想要面包，就會做出切面包和涂黃油的動作。想要冰淇淋時她會用手裹住自己裝出發(fā)抖的樣子。 海倫在這方面非比一般，她絕頂?shù)穆斆饔窒喈?dāng)敏感。通過努力她對這個陌生且迷惑的世界有了一些知識。但她仍有一些有足。 海倫五歲時開始意識到她與別人不同。她發(fā)現(xiàn)家里的其他人不用象她那樣做手勢而是用嘴交談。有時她站在兩人中間觸摸他們的嘴唇。她不知道他們在說什么，而她自己不能發(fā)出帶有含義的聲音。她想講話，可無論費多大的勁兒也無法使別人明白自己。這使她異常懊惱以至于常常在屋子里亂跑亂撞，灰心地又踢又喊。 隨著年齡的增長她的怒氣越為越大。她變得狂野不馴。倘若她得不到想要的東西就會大發(fā)脾氣直到家人順從。她慣用的手段包括抓別人盤里的食物以及將易碎的東西猛扔在地。有一次她甚至將母親鎖在廚房里。這樣一來就得想個辦法了。于是，在她快到七歲生日時，家里便雇了一名家庭教師 安尼沙利文。 安尼悉心地教授海倫，特別是她感興趣的東西。這樣海倫變得溫和了而且很快學(xué)會了用布萊葉盲文朗讀和寫作?？坑檬种附佑|說話人的嘴唇去感受運動和震動，她又學(xué)會了觸唇意識。這種方法被稱作泰德馬，是一種很少有人掌握的技能。她也學(xué)會了講話，這對失聰?shù)娜藖碚f是個巨大的成就。 海倫證明了自己是個出色的學(xué)者，1904年她以優(yōu)異的成績從拉德克利夫?qū)W院畢業(yè)。她有驚人的注意力和記憶力，同時她還具有不達目的誓不罷休的毅力。上大學(xué)時她就寫了我的生命。這使她取得了巨大的成功從而有能力為自己購買一套住房。 她周游全國，不斷地舉行講座。她的事跡為許多人著書立說而且還上演了關(guān)于她的生平的戲劇和電影。最終她聲名顯赫，應(yīng)邀出國并受到外國大學(xué)和國王授予的榮譽。193