中考考點(diǎn)---時態(tài)和語態(tài).docx

中考考點(diǎn)分析時態(tài)和語態(tài)題型年份20162015201420132012單項選擇28，31，3324,31,3224,31，3324,27，2824,30，32詞語運(yùn)用7066667368,73分值44445一、動詞的時態(tài)1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（1） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成為：主語+be(amisare)+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞的變化規(guī)則如下表：構(gòu)成方法例詞一般在詞尾加ingwork-working；study-studying以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，需要去掉e后再加ingcome-coming；take-taking以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母時，要雙寫這個輔音字母，再加ingstop-stopping；swim-swimming少數(shù)幾個以ie結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)動詞，須變ie為y后，再加ingdie-dying；tie-tying；lie-lying（2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法表示此時此刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。如： What are you doing? 你在干什么? Im reading English.我在讀英語。表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：They are studying hard this term.他們這個學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)一直很努力?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時構(gòu)成口訣:主語在句首，am，is，are跟在后，現(xiàn)在分詞跟著走，其他成分不可丟。表示動作正進(jìn)行，句中now時間定。一般問句，把be提到主語前去。否定句式也簡單，be后只把not添。1.Dont disturb Allen now.He _ for the Spelling Bee competition. A.prepares B.prepared C.is preparing D.will prepare 2.Be quiet! The students _ a physics test in the next room.A.had B.have had C.were having D.are having3.Alan,its late.Why not go to bed? Jenny hasnt come back yet.I_for her.A.waited B.have waitedC.am waiting D.was waiting2.一般現(xiàn)在時（1）一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時主要用動詞原形表示，如果主語是第三人稱單數(shù)則在動詞原形后加s或es。動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成方式如下：構(gòu)成方法例詞一般在詞尾加swork-works；spend-spends在以s，z，ch，sh，x等字母結(jié)尾的動詞之后加espass-passes；wash-washes;teach-teaches；mix-mixes不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動詞只在e后加swrite-writes;ride-rides以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i，再加esstudy-studies；try-tries以o結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾加esdo-does；go-goes（2）一般現(xiàn)在時的用法表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與often，always，usually，sometimes，once a week，every day等表示頻率的副詞或時間狀語連用。如：I often go to school by bike.我經(jīng)常騎車去上學(xué)。表示客觀事實或普遍真理。如： The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。在時間、條件等狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如：If it rains tomorrow，we wont go to the park.如果明天下雨，我們將不去公園。When I grow up，I will go to America.當(dāng)我長大后，我將去美國。一般現(xiàn)在時用法口訣用好一般現(xiàn)在時，時間狀語需牢記?；居梅ㄒ浨?，動作習(xí)慣經(jīng)常性。客觀真理和能力，有時還表將來時。謂語若為行為動，形式要由主語定：主語人稱是三單，動詞要把-s-es添。句中若把助詞用，謂語動詞用原形。4.If Nancy_ the exam,she will go to Australia for English study.A.pas s B. passedC.passes D.will pass5.I dont know if Mr.Li_to the party this evening.I think he will come if he_free.A.will come; isB.will come; will beC.comes; isD.comes; will be6.The Greens will visit Hainan as soon as they_to China.A.comes B.come C.came D.will come3.一般過去時（1）一般過去時的構(gòu)成一般過去時用動詞的過去式表示，即：主語+動詞的過去式。動詞過去式和過去分詞的變化分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種。下表是動詞的過去式和過去分詞的變化規(guī)則：構(gòu)成方法例詞一般動詞后加edwork-worked；walk-walked詞尾為e的單詞，直接加darrive-arrived；love-loved輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i，再加edstudy-studied；worry-worried重讀閉音節(jié)，且只有一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的單詞，雙寫輔音字母再加edstop-stopped；drop-dropped（2）一般過去時的用法表示過去某時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與last night，yesterday，last week，some years ago，in 1995，in the past，the other day，at that time,just now等表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：I got up at six this morning.今天早上我6點(diǎn)起床。表示過去的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。如： When I was in the countryside，I often swam in the river.我在鄉(xiāng)下時，常常在河里游泳。 用于since引導(dǎo)的從句。主句的謂語動詞如果用現(xiàn)在完成時，since引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過去時。如：He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990.自從1990年這家工廠開辦以來，他就在這里工作。You havent changed much since we last met.自從我上一次見到你以來，你沒有大的變化。一般過去時用法口訣動詞一般過去時，表示過去發(fā)生事。句中謂語用過去式，過去時間作標(biāo)記。否定句，很簡單，主語之后didnt添。疑問構(gòu)成也有法，主語前面did加。還有一點(diǎn)不能忘，后面的動詞要還原。 7.Our math teacher_in our school for 20 years and he_here when he was 23 years old.A.has taught;has comeB.taught;comesC.taught;cameD.has taught;came8.You have found your lost umbrella, havent you?Yes.I_it behind the door this afternoon.A.have found B.will findC.found D.find4.一般將來時（1）一般將來時的構(gòu)成一般將來時通常用“主語+willbe going to+動詞原形”來表示，有些動詞可以用“主語+be doing”形式來表示。（2）一般將來時的用法 表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow，next week，in a few days，next Sunday等表示將來的時間狀語連用。如：Will you be back in two days? 你將在兩天后回來嗎? 當(dāng)主語是I或we時，問句中一般使用shall表示征求對方意見。如：Where shall we meet tomorrow? 明天我們在哪里會面?be going to+動詞原形，表示計劃、打算做某事，常指已經(jīng)決定的、很可能發(fā)生的事或有某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事。如：What are you going to do next Sunday? 下周日你打算干什么?be doing有時表示即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事情。常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：go，come，leave，arrive，start，begin等。如：She is going there tomorrow.她明天要去那里。一般將來時用法口訣一般將來時，將要發(fā)生事。謂語不一般，will加動原(動詞原形)。要變疑問句，will放在主語前。否定句，也不難，will后面把not添。 9.With the development of science and technology, robot cooks_in our families in the future.A.appear B.appeared C.will appear D.were appearing10.Have you returned the book to the library yet?Not yet. Dont worry.I _it soon.A.return B.returned C.have returned D.will return11.Lets go fishing if it_this weekend.But nobody knows if it_.A.is fine;will rain B.will be fine;rains C.will be fine;will rain D.is fine;rains5.過去進(jìn)行時（1）過去進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成過去進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成為：主語+be(waswere)+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。（2）過去進(jìn)行時的用法表示在過去的某個時刻或某段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與this time yesterday，at that time，then，at 9：00 last Sunday morning，all night等表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：What were you doing this time yesterday? 昨天的這個時候你在做什么? I was watching TV我在看電視。表示一個過去的動作發(fā)生時或發(fā)生之后，另一個過去的動作正在進(jìn)行。過去進(jìn)行時也可用來表示過去一段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作。如：When I was watering the garden，it began to rain當(dāng)我在花園澆水時，突然下雨了。While we were having a party，the lights went out當(dāng)我們正舉行聚會時，燈突然滅了。表示兩個過去的動作同時進(jìn)行，這時可用連接詞while連接。如：I was writing while my mother was cooking我在寫作時，我媽媽在煮飯。George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio喬治在讀書，而他妻子在聽收音機(jī)?！皐as going+動詞不定式”表示過去打算做某事。如：He was going to be our team leader他原打算當(dāng)我們的隊長。12.I didnt see you at the beginning of the party last night.I _ on my biology report at that time.A.worked B.work C.was working D.am working13.Why didnt you go to the cinema with us this afternoon?I _ at the station for my uncle from Beijing.A.was waitingB.have waitedC.am waitingD.will wait14.Jenny _ in the kitchen when you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon.A.is cooking B.was cookingC.cooks D.cooked6.現(xiàn)在完成時（1）現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成為：主語+havehas+動詞的過去分詞。否定句應(yīng)在havehas后加not變?yōu)閔aventhasnt；疑問句應(yīng)將havehas放到句子主語之前。（2）現(xiàn)在完成時的用法表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常用的時間狀語有：already，yet，ever，never，just等。其中already用于肯定句，可放在助動詞之后，過去分詞之前，也可放在句末；yet常放在句末，在疑問句中表示“已經(jīng)”，在否定句中表示“還”。如： I have already watched the TV play.我已經(jīng)看過這部電視劇了。Have you found your lost pen yet? 你找到丟失的筆了嗎? No，I havent found it yet.不，我還沒有找到。表示動作或狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還要持續(xù)下去，常與for或since短語連用，表示持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)必須要用延續(xù)性動詞。如：We have lived here since 2000.從2000年開始我們一直住在這里。(說明一直住在這里，也許還會住下去)I have learnt English for three years.我學(xué)英語3年了。注意：for后接時間段，since后接表示過去的時間點(diǎn)或時間狀語從句。對時間狀語提問時，用how long。如：Ive known Li Lei for five years.=Ive known Li Lei since five years ago.我認(rèn)識李磊已經(jīng)5年了?，F(xiàn)在完成時用法口訣學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時，謂語結(jié)構(gòu)要特記：“havehas+過去分詞”。主要用法有兩個：過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，just，already常用著；過去的動作或狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，for，since把時間帶。15.School violence (暴力) _much attention of the whole society and people are calling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible.A.drew B.will drawC.has drawn D.was drawing16.Lei Feng _ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us. A.died B.has died C.was dead D.has been dead17.What do you think of the new foreign teacher Thomson?Pretty good.I think he _ a great job so far.A.does B. didC.has done D.was done二、動詞語態(tài)1動詞語態(tài)的分類英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。(1)主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。如：Many people speak English there.那兒很多人說英語。(2)被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動詞的對象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.漢語被很多人說。(Chinese是動詞speak的承受者)2被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞(用done表示)”構(gòu)成。常見的四種時態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)如下：一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/aredoneThis kind of car is made in China.這種車是中國制造的。一般過去時：was/weredoneThe flying disk was invented by college students.這種飛碟游戲是大學(xué)生們發(fā)明的。一般將來時：will/shallbedoneThe bridge will be finished in a month.這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€月內(nèi)竣工。情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞bedoneTables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。3.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法(1)圖示(2)口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂語動詞用被動(3)變換步驟：將主動句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。注意：如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。如：Tom killed himHe was killed by Tom.湯姆殺了他。將動詞改為“be過去分詞”。注意：be動詞與新主語相一致，時態(tài)不變。如：They held a meeting yesterday.A meeting was_held by them yesterday.他們昨天開會了 。將主動語態(tài)的主語改為by放在謂語動詞后。注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如：He sang a song.A song was sung by_him他唱了一首歌。4常見主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1)含有雙賓語(即直接賓語和間接賓語)的句子，多把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。如：Jack told us the truth.We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告訴了我們真相。(2)主動語態(tài)中有些感官動詞(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要把不定式符號to還原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.sb. be heard(seen) to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom by us.我們聽見那女孩在音樂教室彈鋼琴。(3)主動語態(tài)中有些使役動詞(如：make，let等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，同樣要把不定式符號to還原。即：make sb.do sth.sb. be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老師讓他的學(xué)生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。5不能使用被動結(jié)構(gòu)的情況(1)連系動詞，如：look，feel，smell等，以主動形式表示被動含義。如：The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來很香。(2)有些動詞的主動形式表被動含義，如：need doing(需要做某事)，be worth doing(值得做某事)等。如：Your bedroom is in a terrible mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的臥室太亂了，需要馬上清理一下。(3)表示“發(fā)生”的happen或take place，無被動結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The story happened on a cold night.故事發(fā)生在一個寒冷的夜晚。18.Chinese _ by more and more people from all over the world today.AlearnBlearnedCis learned19.Every year，more than 70 000 000 sharks _ for their fins(魚翅)Awere killed Bhave killed Care killed20.When I called the bus service，I _ that there was no more bus.Awas telling Bwas told Chas told21.A new club _ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.Ais started Bhas started Cwas started課后鞏固：1.Everyone wants to reach the top of the mountain, but all the happiness happens while you _ it.A.climb B.climbed C.are climbing D.have climbed2.Please dont make so much noise.The baby _ now.A.sleep s B. slept C.will sleep D.is 3.I dont know if it _tomorrow.Well, if it _, the school sports meet will be canceled A.will rain; will rain B.rains; will rain C.will rain; rains D.rains; rains4.What a nice watch!How long _ you _ it?For just two weeks.A.will; buy B.have; had C.were; having D.did; buy5.How do you like Treasure Island，Lucy？Its so exciting that I _ it twice.A.am reading B.have read C.was reading D.had read6.William Shakespeare _ for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today.A.died B.was dying C.has died D.has been dead7.This museum _ here for over 80 years.It _ one of the oldest buildings in this city.A.is; was B. had been; is C.was; has been D.has been; is8.Cathy, can you answer the door? I _ the room. Im coming, mum.A.Clean B.cleaned C.have cleaned D.am cleaning9.You look worried.Whats wrong?I went for a job interview yesterday and I_the result.A.waited forB.was waiting forC.am waiting forD.will wait for10.Someone _ at the door.Can you open it? A.knocks B. knocked C.is knocking D.was knocking 11.Look,so many passengers _with their smart phones on the undergrou