高中英語定語從句知識點(diǎn)及練習(xí).doc

高中英語-定語從句一定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語1定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的詞之后。2先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等關(guān)系詞在定語從句中有三大作用1.連接作用連接先行詞和定語從句。2.替代作用在定語從句中替代從句所修飾的先行詞。3.成分作用在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語或狀語。Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.二關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有who,whom,whose,which,that等。它們分別代替前面的先行詞，并在定語從句中作主語、賓語或定語。1.who指人，在定語從句中作主語。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.2.whom指人，在定語從句中做賓語，可省略，在口語或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho來代替。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.4.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?。Heisthemanthat/wholivesnextdoor.Whereistheman(that/whom)Isawthismorning? 、Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer. Thedress(that/which)Annboughtdoesntfitherverywell.5.whose指人、物皆可，與后面的名詞有所屬關(guān)系，在定語從句中做定語。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.注意：指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：Thehousewhosewindowsarebrokenisempty.=Thehousethewindowsofwhicharebrokenisempty.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?三“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，可以跟介詞一起放在從句與主句之間（that,who不可以），也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動詞的后面，使關(guān)系代詞緊跟它所修飾的先行詞。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.=ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.注意：1.含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。2.介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不可用that和who，若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom指物時(shí)只可用which；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.四 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where和why等。when,where,why都在定語從句中作狀語，在意義上相當(dāng)于介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)，分別代替表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞。1.when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。如：Illneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstmetyou.Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.五限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句形式上：不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語：“的”關(guān)系詞的使用上：A作賓語時(shí)可省略B可用thatC可用who代替whomTheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定語從句形式上：用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：只是對先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，如果去掉，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。關(guān)系詞的使用上：A不可省略B不用thatC不可用who代替whomHismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.IhavebeentoHangzhou,whichisaverybeautifulcity.（一）限制性定語從句中只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況1.先行詞為all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,theone等時(shí)。Everythingthathesaidwastrue.他所說的一切都是真的。2.當(dāng)先行詞被thevery（恰恰，正好）,theonly，any，few，little，no，all修飾時(shí)。Thisistheverygrammarbook(that)Iwanttobuy.3當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)。Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.4.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen. 5當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時(shí)。Whothathascommonsensewillbelievesuchnonsense?6當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?7先行詞在定語從句中做表語,而關(guān)系代詞在從句中也做表語時(shí)。Sheisnolongerthesweetgirl(that)sheusedtobe. Heisnottheman(that)heseems.人不可貌相。（二）關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.as和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個句子。如：Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural. Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.2.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含義。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdontbelieve.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.1.當(dāng)先行詞受such,thesame修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用as。如：Iveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.（三）以theway為先行詞的限制性定語從句常由inwhich或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.（四）關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用（所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?。A.Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic. Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery. B.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether. Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.C.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasdismissed.Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)(1)Thisisthehotel_wewillstayat.which/that/(2)Thisisthehotel_wewillstay.where(3)Thisisthehotel_wewillstay.atwhich(4)Thisisthehotel_wewillvisit.that/which/(5)Thishotelistheone_wewillstayat.that(6)Thishotelistheone_wewillstay.where(7)Thishotelistheone_wewillvisit.That定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、選擇題1.(09全國II)Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,_wasverykindofhim.A.which B.that C.where D.it2.(09安徽卷)Manychildren_parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillageAtheir Bwhose Cofthem Dwithwhom3.(09北京卷)Whatdoyouthinkofteaching,Bob?Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob_youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.A.whereB.WhichC.When D.that4.(09福建卷)Itshelpfultoputchildreninasituation_theycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.that B.when C.which D.where5.(09湖南卷)IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity_namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.which B.ofwhich C.that D.whose6.(09江蘇卷)Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone_local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.A.if B.when C.which D.since7.(09遼寧卷)Theyvewontheirlastthreematches,_Ifindabitsurprisingactually.A.that B.when C.what D.which8.(09全國I)Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_Ihadevermetbefore.A.them B.who C.whom D.these9.(09全國II)Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,_wasverykindofhim.A.which B.that C.where D.it10.(09山東卷)WheneverImether,_wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.who B.which C.when D.that11.(09陜西卷)Guncontrolisasubject_Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhich B.withwhich C.aboutwhichD.intowhich12.(09上海卷)Mozartsbirthplaceandthehouse_hecomposed“TheMagicFlute”arebothmuseumsnow.A.whereB.when C.there D.which13.(09四川卷)Shellneverforgetherstaythere_shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.A.that B.which C.where D.when14.(09天津卷)Aperson_e-mailaccountisfullwontbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails. A.who B.whom C.whose D.whoever15.(09天津卷)ItraveltotheBinhaiNewAreabylightrailwayeveryday,_domanybusinessmenwholiveindowntownTianjin. A.as B.which C.when D.though16.(09浙江卷)Ihavereachedapointinmylife_Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.Awhich Bwhere Chow Dwhy17.(09重慶卷)Lifeislikealongrace_wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.why B.what C.that D.where18. (04全國卷)TheEnglishplay_mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhich B.atwhich C.inwhich D.onwhich19. (03北京)York,_lastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.thatIvisited B.whichIvisited C.whereIvisited D.inwhichIvisited20.(02北京)Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces,_othervisitorsseldomgo.A.what B.which C.where D.when二、翻譯訓(xùn)練：1.我們在醫(yī)院一直照顧takecareof的老太太死了._2.你想娶marry的姑娘昨天偷了我的錢包。_3.孫老師寫的書是世界上最好的書。_4.你喜歡女孩就是我喜歡的女孩。_5.昨天被我家的狗咬的人bite今天又被你家狗咬了。_6.你知道他打算娶reason你的原因嗎？_7.我討厭hate我住過的那個旅館hotel。_8.我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們共同生活和學(xué)習(xí)的那個秋天_9.他愛了20年的那個女孩昨天嫁marry人了。_10.她是我見過的最漂亮的女孩。_11.Theoldladywhodiedyesterdayleftonemillion._13.Thedoctortoldmeyesterdaythatthereisnothingthathecoulddoformyfather._14. Thisisthepage,whereyoucanfindtheanswer.Thisisthepage,whichyoucanfindtheansweron._15.Astheteachertoldmeyesterday,hedidntpasstheexam._16.Aswewasdiscussingjustnow,itseasyforustostudyEnglish._17. Asmymothertoldmeyesterday,mygirlfrienddidntlovemeatall._18.Asyouknow,themoneyisveryimportant._19.WearestudyingthebusinessEnglish,whichisveryusefulforusInthefuture._20.Doyouknowthereasonwhyyourdogisgoingtodie?_三、閱讀理解TherearestoriesabouttwoU.S.presidents, AndrewJacksonandMartinVanBuren, whichattempttoexplaintheAmericanEnglishtermOKWedontknowifeitherstoryistrue, buttheyarebothinteresting. ThefirstexplanationisbasedonthefactthatPresidentJacksonhadverylittleeducationInfact, hehaddifficultyreadingandwritingWhenimportantpaperscametoJackson, hetriedtoreadthemandthenhadhisassistantsexplainwhattheysaidIfheapprovedofapaperhewouldwrite “allcorrect” onitTheproblemwasth