七年級下冊英語第8單元知識點以及隨堂練習(xí).doc

Unit8 Is there a post office near here? (Grade7)話題：在街道上紋路并為他人指路教學(xué)目標：熟練運用there be句型 學(xué)會用英語問路的表達方式，并能夠給別人指路重點：there be句型 問路指路表達方式重點句型：-Are there any restaurants near here? 這兒附近有餐館嗎？ -Yes, theres one in front of the post office. 是的，郵局的前面有一個。 -Where is the hotel? 旅館在哪里？ -Its behind the police station. 它在警察局的后面。重點短語：post office police station pay phone Bridge Street Center Street Long Street near here across from next to betweenand in front of excuse me far from go along turn right/left on the/ones right/left in my neighborhood look like in life be free知識點：1. there be 概念：There be 表示一種存在的“有”，There be 結(jié)構(gòu)只是表示一種狀態(tài)也就是一種存在的關(guān)系。后多與介詞短語的地點狀語連用即“某地有某物”。（概念我們知道之后，就來一塊看一下它的句子結(jié)構(gòu)）句子結(jié)構(gòu)There be+主語+地點介詞短語 當然這個介詞短語也可以放在句首There is a book on the desk.There is a pen on the floor.一般疑問句：Be there+主語+地點狀語/時間狀語？ 回答用Yes, there be./No, there be+not.用法在一般現(xiàn)在時中 There be 結(jié)構(gòu) be 的選擇以 be 后的第一個名詞來確定,我們把它叫做“就近法”原則。 也就是說，there be句型中這個be動詞是有變化的，be 的選擇跟著be 后的第一個名詞來確定，如個這個名詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞則用are 反之則用 is . 如果是一般過去時，用is或是are的對應(yīng)的過去式就可以了。例：There are some books and a pen on the floor. There is a pen and books on the floor.這兩個句子的中文意思是一樣的，但在前面的句子中be 后面的第一個名詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞所以be 用復(fù)數(shù)形式 are , 而后面句子的第一個名詞為不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式所以用單數(shù)形式 is . （There are two cups of coffee on the table. There is a basket of apples on the table. 這兩個句子中的前面一個句子中的coffee 盡管是不可數(shù)名詞，但修飾限定它的量詞為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，這時應(yīng)以量詞來決定be 的選擇，因此用 are 。 而后面句子中的名詞apples 盡管是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但修飾限定它的量詞為單數(shù)名詞所以be 用 is .）可講可不講there be 與 have 的區(qū)別雖然漢語中there be 被翻譯成為“有”。但是There be 結(jié)構(gòu)只是表示一種狀態(tài)也就是一種存在的關(guān)系。而have /has 則表示擁有即使一種所屬關(guān)系也就是“某人用有某物”。例：There is a book on the desk.只是表示這本書在桌子上這一狀態(tài)，而書不是屬于桌子的，如果把書放到其它地方，這狀態(tài)就不存在了。I have a book .則表示這本書是我的，不管這本書在哪里它都是屬于我的，這就說明我擁有了這本書，哪怕是別人借走了，它都還是屬于我的。這樣舉例說明讓學(xué)生很清楚的了解到There be 和 have/ has 的區(qū)別。4. ?？键c 對畫線部分提問對There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語提問，這時我們不管主語是人還是物，是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)以及不可數(shù)名詞，我們都用 Whats + 介詞短語提問就可以了。例如：There is a book on the desk.（對劃線部分提問）Whats on the desk? There are two girls in the room. （對劃線部分提問）Whats in the room? 2.對There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中主語的數(shù)或量提問，我們又必須注意主語是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，如果是可數(shù)名詞，我們這時則用 How many + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ are there +其它 ？這一句型。例如 There is a apple in the box.(對劃線部分提問) How many apples are there in the box? There are three books on the desk. (對劃線部分提問) How many books are there on the desk?這時我們不管名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)，只要是對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)提問我們都用 How many + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ are there +其它這一句型。因為many后必須跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以我們在問句中始終用 are there +其它。如果是不可數(shù)名詞的量提問時，我們則用 How much + 不可數(shù)名詞+ is there + 其它 ？這一句型。例如 There is two cups of coffee on the table . (對劃線部分提問) How much coffee is there on the table? 因為much后必須跟不可數(shù)名詞，所以我們在問句中始終用 is there +其它。但在這里最值得注意的是當名詞前有量詞修飾限定時，對量詞的數(shù)提問我們則用 How many +復(fù)數(shù)量詞+ 名詞+ are there +其它 ？這一句型。例如 There is a basket of apples on the table. (對劃線部分提問) How many baskets of apples are there on the table? There are two cups of coffee on the table. (對劃線部分提問) How many cups of coffee are there on the table? 從上面的兩個例子中我們可以看到不管名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，只要對修飾限定的量詞的數(shù)提問，我們就用How many +復(fù)數(shù)量詞+ 名詞+ are there +其它 ？這一句型。因為量詞是可數(shù)的。對There be 結(jié)構(gòu)+地點介詞短語提問時我們都用 Where +be there +主語？這一句型。因為介詞短語在句中作地點狀語，所以我們用Where 來代替地點狀語+一般疑問句的形式就可以了。例如 There is a book on the desk. (對劃線部分提問) Where is there a book? There are three girls playing games on the playground. (對劃線部分提問) Where are there three girls playing games? 現(xiàn)在我們共同來看一下，我們剛開始講的那個小故事用英語應(yīng)該怎么將？2. 問路與指路問路的表達方式：Where is the nearest hospital please?Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to the Summer Hotel?Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the Bank of China?Hello! Is there a park near here, please?Excuse me. How can I get to the nearest post office?指路的表達方式：Turn left/right at Go along/down this street.Turn right at the third crossing, and then walk straight.Take the second turning on the right/left.Its across from/near/next to the hospital.You can take the No. 3 bus and get off at3. on Bridge Street 在大橋街上其中Bridge Street為專有名詞，首字母需大寫。類似的專有名詞還有Long Street長街。Center Street中心大街。in the street 在街上（英國英語）on the street 在街上（美國英語）4. next to&nearnext to介詞短語，表示貼近，緊靠Come and sit next to me.near介詞，表示在的附近，還可作形容詞，表示的“近”是相對的，反義詞是farSuzhou is near Shanghai.5. in front of&in the front ofin front of強調(diào)一個物體在另一個物體外部的前面Mary is standing in front of the car.in the front of強調(diào)一個物體在另一個物體的內(nèi)部的前面Cathy is sitting in the front of the car.5. excuse me. 打擾了。在英語中，直接用Can you tell me或者Is there？是不禮貌的，應(yīng)當先說excuse me，意為“打擾一下”。還可用于向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱?，詢問情況等場合，向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢饣蚨Y貌。excuse me&sorryexcuse me為客套話，常用于向別人問路，插畫，請求許可，向?qū)Ψ皆儐柷闆r等場合。Excuse me. May I ask you a question?sorry常用于因犯了錯誤或不能滿足對方的要求而向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢獾膱龊?。Im sorry I cant come to your party.6. How can I help you? 需要我的幫忙嗎？這是一個常用的句子，也可以說成Can I help you?/May I help you?廣泛用于商店，飯店，旅店，郵局，辦事處等場所，作為對顧客的招呼語。7. Its not too far from here. 它離這兒不太遠。far from意為“離遠”，相當于far away from. 通常不與具體的數(shù)字連用， My home is not far away from our school.我家離學(xué)校不遠。8. turn right/left at the+序數(shù)詞+crossing=Take the+序數(shù)詞+crossing on the right/left ones left/right 在某人的左邊/右邊Zhang Feng is sitting on my left. 張峰坐在我的左邊。9. neighborhood 街區(qū)，街坊in the neighborhood 在附近 相當于 near herein the neighborhood of 在的附近We live in the neighborhood of the park.我們住在公園附近。10. spend take cost&payspend主語是人sb. spendon sth.sb. spendin doing sth.某人花時間/金錢做某事I spent 5 dollars on the book.take常用it作形式主語It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花費某人多長時間It took his seven days to make the big cake.cost主語物sth. cost sb. some money某物花費某人多少錢The book cost me 5 dollars.pay主語是人sb. pay some money for sth.某人為某物付款I(lǐng) paid 5 dollars for the book.11. watchwatch sb. doing sth. 觀看某人正在做某事 強調(diào)所做的事正在進行中watch sb. do sth. 觀看某人做某事 所做的事為經(jīng)常發(fā)生或已做過的事情類似用法的動詞有：see sb. doing sth.see sb. do sth.hear sb. doing sth.hear sb. do sth.12. look like 看起來像What do/does+主語+look like?用來詢問某人的外貌特征，意為“看上去怎么樣？”-What does your brother look like?-He is short and thin.13. To get there, I usually walk out and turn right on Bridge Road.to get there為動詞不定式短語，在句中作目的狀語，放在句首起強調(diào)作用，也可放在句末。eg. T