三大從句及反義疑問(wèn)句及其答案.doc

賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法講解 一、 賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型： 1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如： We knew （that）we should learn from each other. 2. 由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如： Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. 3. 由who，where，how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？ 二、 三要素 1. 引導(dǎo)詞 如果從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that（that在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略）；如果從句是一般疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whether；如果從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問(wèn)詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的疑問(wèn)代詞/副詞。 2. 語(yǔ)序 陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳述語(yǔ)序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy. 一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。如： Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left. 3. 時(shí)態(tài) 如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如： I have heard（that）he will come back next week. 如果主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如： He said（that）there were no classes yesterday. 注意：如果賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： He said that light travels much faster than sound. 三、人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用 1. 從句的主語(yǔ)如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句則與主句的主語(yǔ)一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語(yǔ)一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如： “May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number. 2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號(hào)；主句是疑問(wèn)句，用問(wèn)號(hào)。如： Who will give us a talk？I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live？Do you know where he lives？ 四、 if和when既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。因此，遇到它們就要認(rèn)真分析一下，它們究竟屬于哪一類從句。如： If it rains tomorrow，I wont come.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句） I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （賓語(yǔ)從句） 五、從句的簡(jiǎn)化 1. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 2. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths. 3. 在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“連接代詞/副詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the station？Can you tell me how to get to the station？ 賓語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 一、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。 1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong. 2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound. 3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know. Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days. 4Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French. 5Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games. 6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang. Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet. 7How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture? 8Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car? 9What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _ _ often _ about. 10Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know. I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know. I dont know _ he still _ in that street. 12. Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _. 13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me _ _ _ _. 14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken. 15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai. 二、選擇填空。 ( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _. A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring ( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _. A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry ( ) 3. Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car ( ) 4. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris ( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in ( )6. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left ( )7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen ( )8.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday. A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got ( )9. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter ( )10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen ( )11. No one tells us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it ( )12. Could you please teach me _ the computer. A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking ( )13.They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which ( )14. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea. A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought ( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years. A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another ( )16. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone ( )17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains ( )18. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives ( )19.Miss Liu said _ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what ( )20. He asked me _. A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup B. when was the APEC meeting held C. when China became a member of the WTO D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held ( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if ( )22. You must remember _. A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said ( )23. I don”t know _ . A. which room I can live B. which room can I live C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in ( )24.Do you know when he _ back ? Sorry , I don”t . When he _back , I”ll tell you . A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come ( )25 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( )26 Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( )27 The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are ( )28. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that ( )29.I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where ( )30. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how 三、用合適的連接詞填空。 1. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why） 2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom） 3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if） 4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who） 5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon） 6. They dont know _ to go or wait. (if, whether) 7. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if) 8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what) 9. I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why) 10. Do you know _ you are studying for? (why, what) 四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1. “Do you want to try it?” Toms mother asked him.(同義句) Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try it. 2. I think this is a good idea.（改為否定句） I _ _ this _ a good idea. 3. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改為復(fù)合句） Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy. 4. I dont know how I can get to the hospital.（改為簡(jiǎn)單句） I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital. 5. I dont suppose they will come, _ _ ? (改為反意疑問(wèn)句) 五、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。 1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow. 2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon? 3. Could you tell me where the post office _ (is)? 4. Our father said that he _ (will) buy a new computer. 5. I hear that he _ (swim) in the sea yesterday. 6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work). 7. He said that he _ (finish) his work already. 8. They thought they could _ (hike) to the top of the mountain. 9. He was glad that so many people _ (help) him. 10. She doesnt know whether _ (go) or wait. 狀語(yǔ)從句講解和練習(xí)狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。通常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和從句等擔(dān)當(dāng)。例如：1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副詞)2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介詞狀短語(yǔ))3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (過(guò)去分詞)5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因狀語(yǔ)從句）狀語(yǔ)的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞和副詞時(shí)必須后置。 狀語(yǔ)從句主要用來(lái)修飾主句或主句的謂語(yǔ)。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由于狀語(yǔ)從句與漢語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語(yǔ)從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)分別列舉如下:1 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特 殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely whenI didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果園) the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：where特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3 原因狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as, since特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4 目的狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, so that, such that,特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night.6 條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless, 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that Well start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though特 殊引導(dǎo)詞： as(用在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. 盡管我很尊敬他， 我卻不同意他的建議。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may say.8 比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級(jí)比較), than(不同程度的比較)特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.The house is three times as big as ours.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，猶如油之于機(jī)器。9 方式狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if, how特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 10. 狀語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化狀語(yǔ)從句的省略狀語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)具備下列兩個(gè)條件:主句和從句的主語(yǔ)一致，或從句主語(yǔ)為it；從句主要?jiǎng)釉~是be的某種形式。從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞?？墒÷浴＠纾篧hen ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外，比較狀語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常省略。例如：Im taller than he (is tall ). The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ). 就狀語(yǔ)從句而言,有時(shí)為了使語(yǔ)言言簡(jiǎn)意賅,常常將狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化。狀語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化現(xiàn)象在口語(yǔ)中較為普遍,而且在高考中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率也較高。因此,有必要對(duì)其進(jìn)行全面、透徹的了解。狀 語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語(yǔ)從句中:由if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句;由although, though, even if / though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;由as, as if等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句;由as, than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。下面針對(duì)這五種情形作一歸納。(1)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是it,且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be時(shí),it和be要完全簡(jiǎn)化掉。例如:If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的話,他會(huì)幫你擺脫困境。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情況對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)不方便,否則你必須出席這次會(huì)議。(2)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),從句可以將主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:a.連詞+形容詞As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小時(shí)候就學(xué)會(huì)了騎自行車。Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。b.連詞+名詞While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提時(shí)代就樂(lè)于助人。Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.盡管他曾是個(gè)農(nóng)民,而現(xiàn)在是位著名的導(dǎo)演了。c.連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.盡管近來(lái)他一直在學(xué)數(shù)學(xué),但他仍然沒(méi)有取得好成績(jī)。d.連詞+過(guò)去分詞He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀請(qǐng),否則他不會(huì)和我們一道去那里。The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.這場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。e.連詞+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say something.當(dāng)時(shí)他站起來(lái)好像要說(shuō)什么。He wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他來(lái)負(fù)責(zé),他也解決不了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。f. 連詞+介詞短語(yǔ)She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美國(guó)之前就懂英語(yǔ)了。注意:當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí),從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如:When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.當(dāng)會(huì)議結(jié)束時(shí),人們都走出了會(huì)議室。(=The meeting over, 鞏固練習(xí)1. John shut everybody out of the kitchen _he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.A. which B. when C. so that D. as if2. I would appreciate it _you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment.A. until B. if C. when D. that3. As far as I am concerned，education is about learning and the more you learn，_.A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you areC. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life4.After the war，a new school building was put up _there had once been a theatre.A. that B. where C. which D. when5. Is Mr. Smith in the office?Yes，_ he is in charge of the office，he must be there.A. since B. however C. whether D. for6. As your good friend, I will do _help you.A. that I can to B. what I can to C. all that I can D. what I can7.John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _he phones.A. as long as B. in order to C. in case D. so that8.Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up _I could answer the phone.A. as B. since C. until D. before9. Dont look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.Oh, yes. _oth