上海交大版應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程 第3冊(cè) unit 7 課文翻譯與答案.doc

Unit 7Part 1 Language Skills Development 1. StarterA. Look at the picture. Suppose he is your friend, and is possibly mentally ill. Answer the following questions.1. Would you stop being friends with him? Reference answer： I wouldnt stop being friends with him just because I suspect he may be a psychopath. If I think he wont take it too badly and/or it seems serious enough, Id probably talk to him about it.2. How would you discuss mental illness with him? Or would you avoid the topic altogether? Reference answer： I would introduce to him the types of mental illness, and how serious it might be if we tend to ignore it. Then Id like to give him an example of one of my friends who has just recovered from his mental illness.Mind Map psychopath n.精神病患者B. Listen to a news report. Then fill in the blanks. 1. A ninth body was found (Friday morning) at the scene of a (Christmas Eve) shooting. Mind Map massacre n.殘殺，屠殺depressed a.憂郁的Santa Claus圣誕老人ex-wife n.前妻Los Angeles County洛杉磯縣unaccounted for下落不明，失蹤2. The shooting occurred (Wednesday night) when a depressed man, dressed as (Santa Claus), arrived at a Christmas Eve party. 3. The man (opened fire) on the participants and (burned down) the two-storey house. 4. The man later shot himself to death (at his brothers home) early in the morning on Christmas Day in Sylmar. 5. Believed to have been killed in the shooting and fire were Sylvia Ortega, and her (parents). 6. The man was reportedly in a messy (divorce), and used (cocktails) to set the house on fire. Tapescript: A Ninth Body Found in Los Angeles Christmas Eve MassacreA ninth body was found Friday morning at the scene of a Christmas Eve shooting in Covina of East Los Angeles, police said. The shooting occurred Wednesday night when a depressed man, dressed as Santa Claus, arrived at his ex-wifes Christmas Eve party, then opened fire on the participants and burned down the two-story house, police said.WAfter the attack, Bruce Jeffrey Pardo, 45, shot himself to death at his brothers home early in the morning on Christmas Day in Sylmar, a suburb about 50 kilometers north of downtown Los Angeles, according to police.Believed to have been killed in the shooting and fire were Pardos ex-wife, Sylvia Ortega, 43 and her parents, police said but did not provide any more details.The Los Angeles County official confirmed that a total of nine victims have been found at the scene.There were 25 guests at the party and nine had been unaccounted for immediately after the shooting.Pardo, who was reportedly separated from his wife and in a messy divorce, used cocktails to set the house on fire, according to local television reports.Info Box 1. Jerome K. JeromeJerome K. Jerome was an English writer of the late 19th century and early 20th century. He was born in 1859 and died in 1927. He published his first work in 1885, On Stage and Off, a collection of humorous sketches about the theater. In his lifetime he was also known as a journalist, playwright, and the founder of a magazine called The Idler. Today he is chiefly remembered as a humorist. His most famous books include The Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow, Three Men in a Boat, and its sequel Three Men on the Bummel.2. Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog)Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog), published in 1889, recounts the misadventures of three Victorian (維多利亞時(shí)代的) middle-class London-types men and one dog trying to have a boating vacation on the Thames. It is one of the most readable, and funny books of the era.A Victim of 107 Fatal Maladies 身患107種致命疾病的患者 1 It is a most extraordinary thing, but I never read a patent medicine advertisement without being forced to draw the conclusion that I am suffering from the particular disease said in the ad and dealt with in its most deadly form. The diagnosis seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt. 2 I remember going to the British Museum one day to read up on the treatment for some slight ailment of which I had a touchhay fever, I fancy it was. I got down the book, and read all I came to read; and then, in an unthinking moment, I idly turned the leaves, and began to lazily study diseases, generally. I forget which was the first disease I plunged intosome fearful, devastating scourge, I know and, before I had glanced half down the list of warning symptoms, it was borne in upon me that I had fairly got it. 3 I sat for a while, frozen with horror; and then, in the listlessness of despair, I again turned over the pages. I came to typhoid feverread the symptomsdiscovered that I had typhoid fever, must have had it for months without knowing it wondered what else I had got; turned up St. Vituss Dancefound, as I expected, that I had that too began to get interested in my case, and determined to examine it thoroughly, and so started alphabetically read up on fever, and learnt that I was sickening for it, and that the acute stage would commence in about another fortnight. Brights disease, I was relieved to find, I had only in a modified form, and, so far as that was concerned, I might live for years. Cholera I had, with severe complications; and diphtheria I seemed to have been born with. I read conscientiously through the twenty-six letters, and the only malady I could conclude I had not got was housemaids knee. 4 I felt rather hurt about this at first; it seemed somehow to be a sort of slight. Why hadnt I got housemaids knee? Why this unpleasant reservation? After a while, however, less grasping feelings prevailed. I reflected that I had every other known malady in the pharmacology, and I grew less selfish, and determined to do without housemaids knee. Gout, in its most malignant stage, it would appear, had seized me without my being aware of it; and zymosis I had evidently been suffering with from boyhood. There were no more diseases after zymosis, so I concluded there was nothing else the matter with me. 5 I sat and pondered. I thought what an interesting case I must be from a medical point of view, what an acquisition I should be to a class! Students would have no need to walk the hospitals, if they had me. I was a hospital in myself. All they need do would be to walk round me, and, after that, take their diploma. 6 Then I wondered how long I had to live. I tried to examine myself. I felt my pulse. I could not at first feel any pulse at all. Then, all of a sudden, it seemed to start off. I pulled out my watch and timed it. I made it a hundred and forty-seven to the minute. I tried to feel my heart. I could not feel my heart. It had stopped beating. I have since been induced to come to the opinion that it must have been there all the time, and must have been beating, but I cannot account for it. I patted myself all over my front, from what I call my waist up to my head, and I went a bit round each side, and a little way up the back. But I could not feel or hear anything. I tried to look at my tongue. I stuck it out as far as ever it would go, and I shut one eye, and tried to examine it with the other. I could only see the tip, and the only thing that I could gain from that was to feel more certain than before that I had scarlet fever. 7 I had walked into that reading room a happy, healthy man. I crawled out a miserable old wreck. 8 I went to my medical man. He is a close friend of mine, and feels my pulse, and looks at my tongue, and talks about the weather, all for nothing, when I fancy Im ill; so I thought I would do him a good turn by going to him now. What a doctor wants, I said, is practice. He shall have me. He will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred of his ordinary, commonplace patients, with only one or two diseases each. So I went straight up and saw him, and he said, Well, whats the matter with you? 9 I said, I will not take up your time, dear boy, by telling you what is the matter with me. Life is brief, and you might pass away before I had finished. But I will tell you what is NOT the matter with me. I have not got housemaids knee. Why I have not got housemaids knee, I cannot tell you; but the fact remains that I have not got it. Everything else, however, I HAVE got. 10 And I told him how I came to discover it all. 11 Then he opened me and looked down me, and clutched hold of my wrist, and then he hit me over the chest when I wasnt expecting it a cowardly thing to do, I call it and immediately afterwards butted me with the side of his head. After that, he sat down and wrote out a prescription, and folded it up and gave it to me, and I put it in my pocket and went out. 12 I did not open it. I took it to the nearest chemists, and handed it in. The man read it, and then handed it back. 13 He said he didnt keep it. 14 I said, You are a chemist? 15 He said, I am a chemist. If I was a co-operative store and family hotel combined, I might be able to oblige you. Being only a chemist hampers me. 16 I read the prescription. It ran: 1 lb. beefsteak, with1 pt. bitter beer every 6 hours. 1 ten-mile walk every morning. 1 bed at 11 sharp every night. And dont stuff up your head with things you dont understand. 17 I followed the directions, with the happy resultspeaking for myselfthat my life was preserved, and is still going on. 1 此事絕對(duì)非同小可，只要我一看到專(zhuān)利藥品的廣告，就會(huì)不自覺(jué)地得出結(jié)論：我患上了廣告中所說(shuō)的疾病，并且已經(jīng)病入膏肓。而診斷結(jié)果似乎在各方面也都和我所感覺(jué)的完全一致。2 記得有一次，我患上了某種小毛?。ㄎ也驴赡苁腔ǚ蹮幔?，于是便去大英博物館專(zhuān)門(mén)查閱它的治療方法。我取下書(shū)來(lái)，閱讀了所有我打算查閱的內(nèi)容。然后，我漫不經(jīng)心地翻著書(shū)，開(kāi)始懶洋洋地研究起疾病來(lái)。我忘記了哪種疾病是第一個(gè)冒出來(lái)的，只知道是一種可怕的，令人震驚的災(zāi)禍。而在我還沒(méi)有看完所列“癥狀”的一半時(shí)，就意識(shí)到我很可能得了這種病。3 我嚇得怔住了，坐了一會(huì)。然后，在絕望的倦怠中，我又翻過(guò)幾頁(yè)，看到了傷寒，一查癥狀，發(fā)現(xiàn)我已患上傷寒，而且在不知不覺(jué)中已經(jīng)患上好幾個(gè)月了。我想知道自己還患有什么病，于是繼續(xù)往下翻，翻到了圣維特斯舞蹈病，發(fā)現(xiàn)正如我預(yù)料，我也患上了此病。我開(kāi)始對(duì)自己的病有了興趣，決定細(xì)查到底，因此我開(kāi)始按字母順序查閱，看完了熱病部分，得知我患有此病，而且兩星期后病情將轉(zhuǎn)入急性期。然而，令我寬慰的是，看完布賴(lài)特氏?。I小球腎炎）部分后，我發(fā)覺(jué)自己只是患上了布賴(lài)特氏病的變種，就此而言，我還可能活幾年。此外，我還患有霍亂，并且伴隨嚴(yán)重的并發(fā)癥。而白喉我似乎生來(lái)就有。我認(rèn)認(rèn)真真地按26個(gè)字母的順序讀完了所有的疾病，得出的結(jié)論是：我唯一沒(méi)患的是髕前囊炎（女傭膝）。4 一開(kāi)始我有點(diǎn)不高興；不管怎么說(shuō)，這看起來(lái)是一種冷落。為什么我沒(méi)有患髕滑囊炎？為什么單單就漏了這個(gè)病呢？不過(guò)，過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，我就不那么貪心了。我想既然我已患上了藥理學(xué)上已知的所有其它疾病，就不必再那么自私了。于是，決定不再計(jì)較沒(méi)有髕前囊炎?？磥?lái)在我沒(méi)有意識(shí)到的時(shí)候，就已經(jīng)患上了痛風(fēng)，而且還可能處在其最?lèi)盒缘碾A段。此外，我顯然在童年時(shí)就患上了發(fā)酵病。發(fā)酵病是這本書(shū)上最后一種疾病，所以我推斷我再?zèng)]其他毛病了。 5 我坐在那里，陷入了沉思。我想從醫(yī)療的角度來(lái)看，我是一個(gè)多么有趣的案例啊。對(duì)于課堂教學(xué)，我是多么難得啊。有我的話，學(xué)生就不需要去當(dāng)“實(shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生”。我自己就是醫(yī)院。他們只需圍著我研究，然后，去拿他們的文憑。 6 接著，我開(kāi)始想我還能活多久。我試著給自己做檢查。我給自己把脈，一開(kāi)始我絲毫感覺(jué)不到脈動(dòng)。然后，我的脈搏好像突然跳動(dòng)了。于是，我摘下手表開(kāi)始計(jì)時(shí)數(shù)脈。我測(cè)出來(lái)脈搏一分鐘跳動(dòng)147下。我試著摸我的心臟。我感覺(jué)不到心臟，它已停止了跳動(dòng)。我曾被誘導(dǎo)地認(rèn)為我的心臟一直在那里，應(yīng)該一直在跳動(dòng)，但我無(wú)法解釋為什么現(xiàn)在感覺(jué)不到它。我不斷拍打整個(gè)上半身，從腰部一直拍到頭部，同時(shí)拍打身體兩側(cè)和背部。但是，我還是什么也沒(méi)感覺(jué)到或者聽(tīng)到。我試著檢查我的舌頭，盡量把舌頭伸得很長(zhǎng)，我閉上一只眼，想用另一只眼來(lái)檢查。但我只能看到舌尖，而唯一的收獲是，我比以前更確信我患上了猩紅熱。7 進(jìn)閱覽室時(shí)，我是個(gè)快樂(lè)健康的人，而出來(lái)時(shí)卻成了一個(gè)可憐、走路蹣跚而又衰老的廢人。8 我去看了醫(yī)生，他是我的一位老友。每當(dāng)我覺(jué)得自己有病時(shí)，他就會(huì)給我把脈，檢查我的舌頭，跟我談?wù)撎鞖?，但從?lái)不收我的錢(qián)。因此，我認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在去找他看病，會(huì)對(duì)他大有好處?！搬t(yī)生需要的是實(shí)踐。他應(yīng)該看我這個(gè)病人。和1700名只有一兩種疾病的普通病人相比，他可以從我身上得到更多的實(shí)踐機(jī)會(huì)?！彼?，我直接去了他那兒。他問(wèn)道：“哦，你怎么了？”9 我回答道：“朋友，我不想占用你的時(shí)間來(lái)告訴你我有哪些問(wèn)題。生命是短暫的，或許還沒(méi)等我說(shuō)完，你就去世了。但是，我要告訴你我沒(méi)有哪些毛病。我沒(méi)有患上髕前囊炎。我無(wú)法告訴你，為什么我沒(méi)有患上髕前囊炎。但是，事實(shí)如此，我沒(méi)有得這種病。不過(guò)，其他的疾病我全有了?！?0 我告訴他我是如何發(fā)現(xiàn)這些疾病的。11 然后他讓我張開(kāi)嘴，給我做檢查。他緊緊抓住我的手腕，然后趁我不備敲打我的胸部（我認(rèn)為這是膽小鬼做的事情），之后突然用他的頭的側(cè)面頂我。然后，他坐下來(lái)開(kāi)處方，接著將處方折疊好，遞給我。我把它放進(jìn)了口袋，走了出去。12 我沒(méi)有打開(kāi)處方，而是拿著它來(lái)到最近的藥房。我把處方遞了進(jìn)去，那位男士看了看，然后遞還給我。13 他說(shuō)他無(wú)法照辦。14 我問(wèn)道：“你是藥劑師嗎？”15 他回答道：“是的。如果我是同時(shí)開(kāi)合作商店和家庭旅社的，或許能滿足您的要求。但我只是個(gè)藥劑師，這就為難我了?！?6 我看了看處方，上面寫(xiě)道：“1磅牛排加上1品脫苦味啤酒，6小時(shí)1次。 每天早上走10英里路，每晚11點(diǎn)整上床睡覺(jué)。不要滿腦子想著你不明白的東西?！?7 我遵照處方行事，結(jié)果很美滿（對(duì)我而言），我的生命得以維持，并且活得好好的。New Wordsvictimn. 1) C a person who has been attacked, injured or killed as a result of a disease, a crime, an accident, etc. 受害者，犧牲者M(jìn)ost of the victims were shot in the back while trying to run away. 受害者在試圖逃跑時(shí)，大多數(shù)背后中槍而亡。The victim of the accident was taken to hospital. 事故的受害者被送往醫(yī)院。n. 2) C a person who has been tricked 受騙者，上當(dāng)?shù)娜薚hey were the victims of a cruel hoax. 他們成了一大騙局的上當(dāng)受騙者。fatala. 1) causing or ending in death 致命的Her childrens death is a fatal blow on her. 孩子們的死對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)致命的打擊。a. 2) causing disaster or failure 災(zāi)難性的，毀滅性的Graf made a fatal mistake halfway through the match. 格拉夫在比賽中途犯了一個(gè)致命的錯(cuò)誤。maladyn. 1) C an illness 疾病His wife died of a malady of the chest, from which she had long suffered. 他的妻子因長(zhǎng)期害肺病，死了。n. 2) C a serious problem 嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題Violent crime is one of the maladies afflicting modern society. 暴力犯罪是困擾現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題之一。patenta. (of a product) made or sold by a particular company 專(zhuān)利生產(chǎn)的；專(zhuān)利經(jīng)銷(xiāo)的Try some of this new patent medicine. 試試這種新的專(zhuān)利藥物吧。n. C, U 專(zhuān)利權(quán)；專(zhuān)利證書(shū)Did you take out a patent on your design? 你已取得你的設(shè)計(jì)專(zhuān)利了嗎?The patent for this typewriter was issued in 1714. 這臺(tái)打字機(jī)的專(zhuān)利證書(shū)是1774年頒發(fā)的。correspondvi. 1) to be the same as or match sth. 相一致，符合I assure you my actions will correspond with my words. 我向你保證，我將言行一致。The reality does not always correspond with ones expectations. 現(xiàn)實(shí)不一定總符合人的期望。vi. 2) to be similar to or the same as sth. else 類(lèi)似于，相當(dāng)于 Our arms correspond to the wings of a bird. 我們的兩臂相當(dāng)于鳥(niǎo)的雙翼。American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament. 美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)相當(dāng)于英國(guó)議會(huì)。vi. 3) to write letters to someone and receive letters from him/her 通信Have you been corresponding with him? 你一直和他通信嗎?I correspond with him regularly. 我經(jīng)常和他通信。sensationn. 1) C a feeling that you get when sth. affects your body 感覺(jué)，知覺(jué)I had a sensation of falling, as if in a dream. 我有一種墜落的感覺(jué)，像在夢(mèng)中似的。n. 2) U the ability to feel through your sense of touch 感覺(jué)能力，知覺(jué)能力He lost all sensation in his legs through cramp. 他的雙腿因抽筋而失去知覺(jué)。treatmentn. 1) U, C something that is done to cure an injury or an illness 治療，診治n. 2) U a way of behaving towards or dealing with a person or a thing 對(duì)待；待遇 n. 3) U, C a way of dealing with or discussing a subject, work of art, etc. 處理，論述ailmentn. C an illness that is not very serious 小病，微恙His ailments include a mild heart attack and stomach trouble. 他患有輕度心臟病和胃病。idlyad. with no particular purpose, reason or effort 毫無(wú)目的地，漫不經(jīng)心地He was idly turning the pages of a magazine. 他在無(wú)聊地翻看一本雜志。Dont just sit idly by while other children are busy. 其他孩子都在忙的時(shí)候，別袖手旁觀。plungevi./vt. to throw oneself abruptly into some condition, situation, matter, etc. 陷入The country plunged deeper into recession. 那個(gè)國(guó)家進(jìn)一步陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條之中。The news plunged them into deep depression. 這條消息使他們深感沮喪。devastatinga. 1) extremely shocking to a person 令人震驚的，駭人的the devastating news of a plane crash 令人震驚的飛機(jī)失事的消息a. 2) causing a lot of damage and destruction 破壞性極大的，毀滅性的It is the most devastating storm in 20 years. 這是20年來(lái)破壞性最大的風(fēng)暴。scourgen. C, usu. sing. a person or thing that causes a lot of harm or suffering 禍害，災(zāi)害After the scourge of war came the scourge of disease. 戰(zhàn)亂之后，瘟疫接踵而來(lái)。The new boss was the scourge of the inefficient. 新老板來(lái)了以后，不稱(chēng)職的人就遭殃了。horrorn. U a strong feeling of shock and fear 恐懼，恐怖，驚恐listlessnessn. U the state of having or showing little or no energy or interest in anything 倦怠，無(wú)精打采，百無(wú)聊賴(lài)In listlessness I leant my head against the window. 我無(wú)精打采地把頭靠在窗子上。typhoidn. U 傷寒a(chǎn)lphabeticallyad. in alphabetical order 按字母順序地He spelt all the nations of Africa running alphabetically from Algeria to Zaire. 他按字母順序拼出了從阿爾及利亞到扎伊爾的所有非洲國(guó)家。sickenvi./vt. 1) to become ill 生病，患病The animal began to sicken and soon died. 這只動(dòng)物患了病很快就死了。The child is sickening for the measles. 這孩子正出麻疹。vi./vt. 2) to make sb. feel very shocked and angry 使大為震驚；使憤怒His manner of talking sickens us. 我們很討厭他那種講話方式。Their business methods sicken me. 我很討厭他們做生意的手法。acutea. 1) very serious or severe 十分嚴(yán)重的Theres an acute shortage of water. 這里嚴(yán)重缺水。a. 2) (of a disease or its symptoms) of short duration but typically severe 急性的acute appendicitis 急性闌尾炎commencevi./vt. to begin to happen; to begin sth. 開(kāi)始，著手The project will commence in November 2010 and be completed in October 2012. 該工程將于2010年11月開(kāi)始，2012年10月完成。After the election the new government commenced developing the roads. 選舉后，新政府開(kāi)始修建道路。fortnightn. C, usu. sing. two weeks; a period of fourteen consecutive days 兩星期，十四天Im going away for a fortnights holiday. 我要到外地去度兩周假。choleran. U 霍亂severea. very serious or bad 十分嚴(yán)重的，極為惡劣的complicationn. C, usu. pl. a new problem or illness arising as a consequence of another disease 并發(fā)癥diphtherian. U 白喉conscientiouslyad. taking care to do things carefully and correctly 認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)地，一絲不茍地We should do this work conscientiously. 我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)認(rèn)真真地做這項(xiàng)工作。More steps should be taken conscientiously to solve them. 今后要謹(jǐn)慎地采取更多措施，以解決它們。housemaidn. C a girl or woman employed to do housework, esp. one who is a resident in the household 女仆，女傭graspinga. greedy 貪心的，貪婪的Dont let those grasping taxi drivers charge you too much. 不要讓那些貪婪的出租汽車(chē)司機(jī)向你漫天要價(jià)。prevailvi./vt. 1) to be accepted, esp. after a struggle or an argument 戰(zhàn)勝，占優(yōu)勢(shì)，獲勝 Truth will prevail. 真理必勝。Justice has prevailed; the guilty man has been punished. 正義得到伸張, 罪犯受到懲罰。vi./vt. 2) to exist among a group of people at a certain time or in a particular place 盛行，流行Belief in magic still prevails in some rural parts of the country. 這個(gè)國(guó)家的一些農(nóng)村地區(qū)至今仍相信魔法。pharmacologyn. U the scientific or study of drugs and their use in medicine 藥理學(xué)；藥物學(xué)goutn. U 痛風(fēng)This drug gives rapid relief to sufferers from gout. 這藥對(duì)痛風(fēng)患者的止痛效果神速。malignanta. 1) (of a tumour or disease) that cannot be controlled and is likely to cause death 惡性的He died of a malignant tumor. 他死于惡性腫瘤。a. 2) having or showing a strong desire to harm sb. 惡意的，惡毒的He advanced towards them with a malignant look. 他滿臉兇相地朝他們走去。zymosisn. U 真菌感染evidentlyad. clearly 明顯地，顯然Evidently, he has fallen in love with Miss Green. 顯然, 他愛(ài)上了格林小姐。He had evidently returned to the spot of the crime. 他顯然曾回過(guò)犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。pondervi./vt. (formal) to spend time thinking carefully and seriously about a problem, a difficult question, or something that has happened 考慮，沉思She pondered his marriage proposal for weeks. 幾個(gè)星期以來(lái)，她一直在認(rèn)真考慮他的求婚。These are words for you gentlemen to digest and ponder. 愿諸公深思熟慮。acquisitionn. C something