北京太奇培訓(xùn)學(xué)?？佳杏⒄Z串講沖刺講座.doc

大家學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)2005 年考研英語朱泰祺沖刺講座 制作 by 晨陽沐雪第 1 頁 共 8 頁2005 北京太奇培訓(xùn)學(xué)校考研英語串講沖刺講座(新考綱 新題型)第1 講：完形填空串講沖刺完形填空測(cè)試的基本要求：2005 年考研試題中的Use of English 即為完形填空。完形填空是從語篇水平上來測(cè)試考生綜合運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)，特別是詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)的能力。研究生英語入學(xué)考試的完形填空測(cè)試，要求考生在全面理解一篇240 - 280 字的文章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，選擇一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)完整、合理。完形填空20 題，每題0.5 分；解題時(shí)間約為15 分鐘左右。第2 講：閱讀理解Part A 串講沖刺一. 閱讀理解Part A 要求：閱讀4 篇短文，閱讀量約1600 詞。每篇短文后有5 道選擇題，共計(jì)20 題，每小題2 分，共40 分。2004 年第一篇428 字；第二篇393 字；第三篇402 字；第四篇414 字；共計(jì)1637字。二. 預(yù)測(cè)2005 年閱讀理解Part A 試題的類型與示例串講：1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。2. 細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。3. 詞、短語或句子的釋義題。4. 推理判斷題。5. 作者觀點(diǎn)題。6. 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題。7. 邏輯框架題。8. 全文主旨題。9. 細(xì)節(jié)類比題。閱讀理解解題方法小結(jié)1.對(duì)應(yīng)法：根據(jù)試題要求到文章中尋找相應(yīng)答案。應(yīng)注意：1) 題目與文章段落的對(duì)應(yīng)位置。2) 題干中的關(guān)鍵信號(hào)詞與文章中相應(yīng)詞的接軌。此法常用于解客觀性試題，如具體細(xì)節(jié)題。2.分析法：通過對(duì)文章有關(guān)內(nèi)容的分析，推論出正確答案。此法常用于解主觀性試題，如推理判斷題、詞匯釋義題和邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題。3.歸納法：根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容歸納段落中心思想，根據(jù)各段中心思想提煉出主題。此法常用于解主觀性試題，如段落內(nèi)容歸納題和全文主旨題。4.淘汰法：通過核對(duì)和分析，排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，獲取正確答案。此法常用于解細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。第3 講：閱讀理解Part B 串講沖刺選擇搭配題一.閱讀理解Part B 測(cè)試要求：主要考查考生對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征以及文章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解。本部分的內(nèi)容是一篇總長(zhǎng)度為500 600 詞的文章，其中有5 段空白，文章后有6 7 段文字，要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容從這6 7 段文字中選擇能分別放進(jìn)文章中5 個(gè)空白處的5 段。解題時(shí)間為20分鐘左右。二.選擇搭配題的考點(diǎn)：主要是段落的主題句和結(jié)論句，其次是語篇中承上啟下的語段。三.解題段技巧：把握主題、注意語段內(nèi)容與選項(xiàng)在邏輯上的連貫性（如遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、舉例、結(jié)論等），劃出語段中關(guān)鍵信息詞和選項(xiàng)中關(guān)鍵信息詞并進(jìn)行連接，注意其前后的一致性，然后決定取舍。第3 講：閱讀理解Part C 串講沖刺English-Chinese Translation(英譯漢)一. 英譯漢測(cè)試要求：在一篇約400 字的短文中有5 個(gè)劃線部分(約150 字), 考生應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文將各劃線部分譯成漢語。譯文必須內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確、完整、語言明白、字跡清楚。每一劃線部分為1 小題，每小題2分，共10 分。解題時(shí)間為25 - 30 分鐘。二. 2004 年英譯漢試題分析小結(jié)：試題文章長(zhǎng)度：350 字。2004 年英譯漢試題5 個(gè)劃線句子的字?jǐn)?shù)分別為：30、29、31、27和39，總計(jì)156 字。其中定語從句5 句。今年全國(guó)統(tǒng)考試卷英譯漢平均分為5.32 分。與近年同類試題難度比較：屬中等。據(jù)考試中心分析，考生失分原因主要有兩點(diǎn)：1) 微觀方面：對(duì)詞義的掌握不夠到位，對(duì)某些關(guān)鍵詞詞義理解有偏差；2) 宏觀方面：不能根據(jù)上下文的邏輯聯(lián)系來把握句子的內(nèi)含，不能根據(jù)句子的總體意思來引申、表達(dá)某些詞匯和詞組的含義。英譯漢翻譯技巧小結(jié)任何事物內(nèi)部都存在一定的規(guī)律性，翻譯作為一門學(xué)問也應(yīng)有一定的規(guī)律可循。下面介紹幾種常見的譯法。一. 被動(dòng)態(tài)的譯法：1. 把英語的被動(dòng)態(tài)譯為漢語的主動(dòng)態(tài)：1) By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of over200 Belgian and French lives.到大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時(shí)，這個(gè)組織拯救了800 人，但那是以200 多名比利時(shí)人和法國(guó)人的生命為代價(jià)的。2) On their domestic stations events in the Middle East were dismissed briefly.在他們國(guó)內(nèi)電臺(tái)的廣播中，中東事件只是簡(jiǎn)短地報(bào)導(dǎo)了一下。3) 注意下列句型的譯法：It is hoped that 人們希望 ；It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo) ；It is said that 據(jù)說 ；It is supposed that 據(jù)推測(cè) ；It may be said without any exaggeration that 可以毫不夸張地說 ；It must be pointed out that 必須指出 ；It will be seen from thisthat 由此可見 ；It is asserted that 有人主張 ；It is well known that 眾所周知 。2. 把英語被動(dòng)態(tài)譯為漢語被動(dòng)句：英語被動(dòng)態(tài)的含義可以用漢語的“被”、“由”、“靠”、“受”、“被所”等來表達(dá)：1)Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.我們隨時(shí)都會(huì)被出入機(jī)場(chǎng)的敵機(jī)所發(fā)現(xiàn)。2)But shortly afterwards they heard that every single member of that first party had beencaptured by Spanish Fron- tier police and put into a concentration camp.可是不久以后他們聽說，第一批的所有人都被西班牙的邊防警察逮捕并關(guān)進(jìn)集中營(yíng)。3)These views of Marx and Engels have now been adopted by all proletarians who are fightingfor their emancipation.馬克思和恩格斯的這種觀點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在已為正在爭(zhēng)取解放的全體無產(chǎn)階級(jí)所采納。二. it 做形式賓語的句子，漢譯時(shí)that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般可按原文順譯，it 不譯：1)I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning.我向他們講請(qǐng)楚了的是，他們必須在上午10 時(shí)以前交卷。2)I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him.我認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的是，你會(huì)來和他談這件事。但有時(shí)也可將that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句提前翻譯（即逆序法）：1) I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.我被推選參加這次會(huì)議，感到十分榮欣。2) I owe it to you that I have achieved so great results in my research work.我在研究工作中取得如此巨大的成果應(yīng)歸功于你。三. 同位語從句的英譯漢技巧：1. 同位語從句漢譯時(shí)不提前：1) He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.他表示希望再到中國(guó)來訪問。2) There were also indications that intelligence, not politics was Helms primary concern.還有種種跡象表明，赫爾姆斯主要關(guān)心的是情報(bào)，而不是政治。3) An obedient son, I had accepted my fathers decision that I was to be a doctor, though theprospect interested me not at all.作為一個(gè)孝子，我接受了父親的決定，要當(dāng)醫(yī)生，雖然我對(duì)這樣的前景毫無興趣。2. 同位語從句漢譯時(shí)提前：1) But I knew I couldnt trust him. There was always the possibility that he was a politicalswindler.第 4 頁 共 8 頁但我知道不能輕信他。他是政治騙子這種可能性始終存在。2) It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.延遲應(yīng)有他負(fù)責(zé)，這個(gè)事實(shí)是改變不了的。3) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical workin general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.所謂方法論是指一般的歷史研究中的特有概念，還是指歷史探究中各個(gè)具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究手段，人們對(duì)此意見不一。3. 增加“即”或用冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)分開：1) But they ignored the fact that, though pilots, we potentially were in as much danger ofcapture as any convert agent.但他們對(duì)這一點(diǎn)卻置之不理，即我們雖說是飛行員，卻和任何潛在的特務(wù)一樣有被俘的危險(xiǎn)。2) And there was possibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally pass by the mostcarefully planned circuit.而且總有這種可能性 一個(gè)小小的電火花可能會(huì)意外地繞過了最為精心設(shè)計(jì)的電路。3) What concerns research workers even more, of course, is the fact that a certain number ofinnocent people are bound to be convicted of crime they have not committed.當(dāng)然，對(duì)研究人員來說更為直接有關(guān)的是，一些清白無辜的人將被冤枉定罪。四. 定語從句的譯法：1. 限止性定語從句的“前置合譯法”：1) I was, to borrow from John Le Carre, the spy who was to stay out in the cold.借用約翰 勒卡雷的話來說，我成了一個(gè)被打入冷宮的間諜了。2) There will come a day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun ofsocialism.全世界人民在社會(huì)主義陽光下過幸福生活的一天是會(huì)來到的。3) New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result inany situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in thepast.必須找到新能源，這需要時(shí)間；而過去我們感覺到的那種能源廉價(jià)而充足的情況將不大可能再出現(xiàn)了。2. 限止性定語從句的“后置分譯法”：1) They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, inthe past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而奮斗，這個(gè)理想是每個(gè)中國(guó)人所珍愛的，在過去，許多中國(guó)人曾為了這個(gè)理想而獻(xiàn)出了自己的生命。2) He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talents and indefatigable (不倦的) spirit to thestruggle which today brings those aims within the reach of a majority of the human race.第 5 頁 共 8 頁他把自己非凡的才智和孜孜不倦的精神無私地獻(xiàn)給了這種斗爭(zhēng)，這一斗爭(zhēng)今天已使人類中大多數(shù)人可以達(dá)到這些目標(biāo)。3) Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies whichenable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than hasever been possible before.各種技術(shù)的發(fā)展伴隨而來的是信息數(shù)量的與日俱增，這些技術(shù)使得人們能以比以往任何時(shí)候更快的速度來 儲(chǔ)存更多的信息并把它們傳遞到更多的地方。4)From another point of view, it is necessary to bear in mind that there are invariably political,educational, social and psychological obstacles which tend to interfere seriously with anymeasures taken to deal with the economic difficulties outlined above.從另外一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)來看，必須牢記，始終存在一些政治、教育、社會(huì)和心理方面的障礙，這些障礙往往嚴(yán)重地干擾了為解決上述種種經(jīng)濟(jì)困難所采取的任何措施。3.限定性定語從句的“溶合翻譯法”：1) There was another man who seemed to have answers, and that was Robert McNamara.另外還有一個(gè)人似乎知道答案，那就是羅伯特 麥克納馬拉。2) There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month.在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一個(gè)月。3) Many statements which have appeared in textbooks as universal and absolute truths have, intheir original form, been put forward as only approximately true, or true only in certaincircumstances.許多論述在教科書中似乎是普遍的、絕對(duì)真理，而在原著中只是作為近似真實(shí)或只在某些情況下真實(shí)而被提出來的。4.非限定性定語從句的“前置合譯法”：The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.整天躲在云層中的太陽現(xiàn)在出來了，光彩奪目。5.非限止性定語從句的“后置分譯法”：1) There is a well-known incident in one of Molieres plays, where the author makes the heroexpress unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose during the whole of hislife.在莫里哀的一個(gè)劇本中有這樣一段著名的插曲，其中作者讓主人公得知他在整個(gè)一生中一直在用散文說話后，表現(xiàn)出無限的喜悅。2) With all humility, I would appeal to all powers to pay attention to the voice of an anxioushumanity in all continents, which implores(懇求) us to be considerate of difficulties, objective inour judgment, and measured in our speech.我謹(jǐn)呼吁所有大國(guó)注意世界各大洲焦慮的人們的呼聲。這一呼聲在懇求我們要體量困難、客觀判斷、斟酌言詞。第 6 頁 共 8 頁6. 兼有狀語意義的定語從句：有時(shí)從整個(gè)復(fù)合句來，其中的定語從句在邏輯上含有各種不同的狀語意義，所以在翻譯處理時(shí)常譯為狀語從句。1) The widespread use of credit cards nowadays staggers the imagination to the point where onewonders whether the total amount of consumer spending each year would be the same if this“plastic money” were not around.如今，信用卡的廣泛使用簡(jiǎn)直使人難以想象，如果沒有這張“塑料卡”人們每年的消費(fèi)開支總額是否會(huì)和現(xiàn)在一樣。2) The ambassador was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk toor to hear from.大使為幾個(gè)人舉行了宴會(huì)，因?yàn)樗雽Ｓ门c他們談?wù)劵蚵犎∷麄兊囊庖姟?) We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can seeclearly in the night.我們知道，貓眼比人眼能吸收更多的光線，所以它在夜間也能清楚地看見東西。4) My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment,could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically.我的助手雖然已經(jīng)在做試驗(yàn)以前仔細(xì)閱讀了指令，但是沒能得到滿意的結(jié)果，因?yàn)樗麢C(jī)械地遵循指令。5) So my chances of getting to revolutionary China are pretty slim, although I have not given upmy efforts to get a passport that will enable me to visit the countries of Socialism.因此我到革命中國(guó)的可能性十分渺茫，盡管我還沒有放棄努力得到一張護(hù)照，以便使我能訪問社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。6) Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人們拼命爭(zhēng)取工作，什么工作都行，只要這種工作能夠幫助他們養(yǎng)家糊口。五.“what”在從句中的譯法：what 可以引導(dǎo)名詞從句，即主語從句、賓語從句或介詞賓語從句。What 的內(nèi)涵往往取決于支配它的詞所構(gòu)成的漢義搭配。1. You can impress others with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will giveyou the authority to do what you want to do.你可以使其他人對(duì)你的責(zé)任感和創(chuàng)造精神留下深刻印象，因而他們會(huì)給你權(quán)威去做你想做的事情。2. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishingthan what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how unusual andabnormal.傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，就全世界而言，是由許多細(xì)節(jié)性行為所組成。這些細(xì)節(jié)性行為與任何個(gè)人在其行動(dòng)中所養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣相比更引人注目。3. It is true that the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technicallanguage not meant for him.第 7 頁 共 8 頁確實(shí)，普通老百姓在其自己的詞匯中常常使用一些并不是為他創(chuàng)造的一度是技術(shù)性的術(shù)語。六. “名詞(或句子) + 同位語 + 定語從句”的譯法：1. Federick Jackson Turner developed his Frontier Thesis, a thesis that explained Americandevelopment in terms of westward expansion.弗德里克 杰克遜 脫納爾提出了他的“邊疆論點(diǎn)”，這個(gè)論點(diǎn)根據(jù)向西擴(kuò)張說明了美國(guó)的發(fā)展。2. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and Its pleasantness particularlyattractive to young people.結(jié)婚年齡在上升，這種情況使家庭及其舒適對(duì)年輕人特別有吸引力。3. The experience of United Kingdom since 1979 clearly shows one approach that works:privatization, in which state-owned industries are sold to private companies.自從1979 年以來英國(guó)的經(jīng)歷清楚地說明一種行之有效的做法，即私有化：把國(guó)有工業(yè)賣給私營(yíng)公司。七. “with + 名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞”構(gòu)成分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的譯法：1. In the teaching of mathematics, the way of instruction is generally traditional, with teacherspresenting formal lectures and students taking not