英語(yǔ)人教版九年級(jí)全冊(cè)Unit 6 Section A 1a--1d.doc

Unit 6 When was it invented?Section A 1 (1a-2d)一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)： 1. 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)目標(biāo)：1) 能掌握以下單詞： heel, scoop, electricity, style, project, pleasure, zipper, daily, website, pioneer, list, mention 能掌握以下句型： When was the telephone invented? I think it was invented in 1876. What are they used for? They are used for seeing at night. 2) 能談?wù)撐锲繁话l(fā)明的時(shí)間、發(fā)明者，表達(dá)某發(fā)明的用途。2. 情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀(guān)目標(biāo)： 了解一些近現(xiàn)代發(fā)明的時(shí)間及用途，激發(fā)自己熱愛(ài)發(fā)明的情感。培養(yǎng)想象力，善于觀(guān)察事物。面對(duì)難題，用積極的態(tài)度去解決，發(fā)揮想象力，認(rèn)識(shí)世界，改造世界。 二、教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)1. 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：1) 本課時(shí)的單詞、詞組和句型，學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2) 學(xué)會(huì)詢(xún)問(wèn)發(fā)明時(shí)間及用途的基本句型：When was the telephone invented? I think it was invented in 1876. What are they used for? They are used for seeing at night.2. 教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：運(yùn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)討論發(fā)明的發(fā)明時(shí)間及用途。三、教學(xué)過(guò)程I. Warming up1. 展示一些近代發(fā)明的圖片與近代發(fā)明的發(fā)明者，讓學(xué)生們將圖片與發(fā)明者相連。T: Do you know what these inventions are?S1: Its a car. S2: Its a telephone. S3: Its a television. T: Do you know who these inventors are? S1: Karl BenzS2: Alexander BellS3: J. L. Baird Let Ss match the inventions and the inventors. . Presentation 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。讓學(xué)生們看大屏幕的如果愛(ài)和發(fā)明者的圖片,并將句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：T: Karl Benz invented the first car in 1885. The first car was invented (by Karl Benz) in 1885. . Talking1. Look at the pictures in 1a. Discuss with your group, in what order do you think they were invented? Try to number them 1-4. 2. Ss discuss with their partners and number the pictures. 3. Talking about the inventions: A: I think the TV was invented before the car. B: I dont agree with you. I think the TV was invented after the car. . Listening (1b)1. T: Tell Ss look at the pictures and years on the left. Finish 1b.2. Listen again and complete the conversation.Alice: Was your life very _ when you were a kid?Grandma: Oh, _. Why?Alice: Well, you didnt have modern inventions like a _, right?Grandma: Of course we did! How old do you think I am? The telephone _ in _. You need to take a _ class, Alice!Alice: Haha! How about _? They _ yet, were they?Grandma: Yes, they were. Cars _ in _. My family had a car.Alice: Well, did you _?Grandma: No, we couldnt _ one. They were _ in those days. The TV _ around _, I think.Alice: Well, I know that you didnt have a _, because we learned in school that personal computers _ in _.Grandma: Youre right. But I have one now!. Pair work (1c)1. Ss try to remember the invention and the year. 2. Student B, cover the dates. Student A, ask Student B when the things in the picture in 1b were invented. Then change roles and practice again. 3. Let some pairs ask and answer in pairs. e.g. A: When was the telephone invented? B: I think it was invented in 1876. . Learning the new words & Listening Look at the pictures then learn the new words.Work on 2a: T: Tell Ss they will hear some interesting inventions. 1. Look at the pictures in 2a. Discuss the things what they are used for. 2. Play the recording for the Ss to listen and number the pictures. 3. Play the recording again to check the answers. Work on 2b: 1. Let Ss read the chart below. Explain some main sentences for the Ss. Make sure they know what to do. 2. Play the recording for the Ss to fill in the blanks. 3. Play the recording again to check the answers. 4. Listen again and fill in the blanks. The first invention is shoes with _. People always hit their toes on _ on the way to the bathroom at night. So people can use them for _ in the _. The second invention is a special ice-cream _. It runs on _ and becomes hot. Its _ for serving really _ ice-cream. The last invention is shoes with special _. People can move the heels _ and _. You can _ the heels if you are going to a _ or _ them if you are just going out for _. . Pair work (2c)1. Tell Ss to make conversations using the information in 2b. Make a model for the Ss. A: What are the shoes with special heels used for? B: They are used for changing the style of the shoes. 2. Let some Ss make conversations using the information in 2b. 3. See which group does the best. . Role-play (2d) 1. Read the conversations and Let Ss read after the teacher. 2. Explain some new words and main points in the conversation. 3. Ask Ss to role-play the conversation in groups. X. Language points1. Well, you do seem to have a point嗯，看來(lái)你說(shuō)的確實(shí)有道理 這句話(huà)中的助動(dòng)詞do放在動(dòng)詞seem前面主要用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，通?？勺g作“的確，確實(shí)”。在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前添加助動(dòng)詞do表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的用法常見(jiàn)于肯定句和祈使句中。 在英語(yǔ)中，have a point通常指某人的說(shuō)法或想法“有道理”。如:(Perhaps you have a point there), but the problem is that we dont have a choice.也許你說(shuō)的有道理，但問(wèn)題是我們沒(méi)有選擇。2. They are used for seeing in the dark.be used for doing sth.表示“被用來(lái) 做某事”。 相當(dāng)于be used to do sth. e.g. 這臺(tái)電腦是用來(lái)控制所有機(jī)器的。你知道這工具是用于做什么的？This computer is used to control all the machines. Do you know what this tool is used for? 3. Think about how often its used in our daily lives. think about 表示“考慮，想起” e.g. He is thinking about travelling in the summer holidays. She was thinking about her childhood days.他正在考慮暑假旅游的事。她正回想她的童年時(shí)期?！総hink短語(yǔ)】 think of 指“考慮，記憶，記起” e.g. You think of everything! 你全都提到了。 I cant think of his name at the moment. 我一時(shí)想不起他的名字。think sth. over指“仔細(xì)想，審慎思考，作進(jìn)一步考慮”e.g. Please think over what I said.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)考慮我說(shuō)的話(huà)。 I want to think it over. 我想仔細(xì)考慮一下這件事。think sth. out 指“想通，想出，熟思”e.g. He thought out a new idea. 他想出了一個(gè)新主意。 That wants thinking out. 那件事需要仔細(xì)考慮。. Exercise.根據(jù)句意及提示，寫(xiě)出句中所缺單詞。1. The clothes in that store are in different _ (樣式). 2. Its not right to waste water and _ (電).3. Please try this _ (網(wǎng)站). I think its fantastic for beginners.4. They found great _ (愉快) in playing basketball.5. The old man is the _ (先驅(qū)) in the field (領(lǐng)域) of space.6. Helens name was _ (列出) on the blackboard.7. Mr. Black told me not to _ (提到) that at the meeting.8. Dr. Wilson, could you please give a brief introduction to your _ (工程)?.完成英語(yǔ)句子，每空一詞。1.很抱歉我不能想起這部電影的名字。 Im sorry I cant _ _ the name of the film.2.你說(shuō)的有道理，電腦在我們的日常生活中起著重要的作用。 You have a point. Computers play an important part in our _ _.3.去年他去了很多國(guó)家，比如澳大利亞。 He went to many countries last year, _ _, Australia.4.那時(shí)我們正在上英語(yǔ)課。 We were having an English class _ _ _.5.安娜似乎不太喜歡這個(gè)主意。 Anna doesnt _ _ _ the idea. . 1. styles 2. electricity 3. website 4. pleasure5. pioneer 6. listed 7. mention 8. project(s). 1. think of 2. daily lives 3. for example 4. at that time 5. seem to likeHomeworkRecite the conversation in 2d.Section A 2 (3a-3c)一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)： 1. 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)目標(biāo)：1) 學(xué)習(xí)掌握下列詞匯：by accident, ruler, boil, remain, smell, saint, national, take place, doubt, without doubt 2）閱讀短文，能按要求找到相應(yīng)的信息。3）通過(guò)閱讀提高學(xué)生們的閱讀能力。4) 了解茶葉被發(fā)明的歷史及生產(chǎn)制作的簡(jiǎn)要過(guò)程。2. 情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀(guān)目標(biāo)： 培養(yǎng)想象力，善于觀(guān)察事物。面對(duì)難題，用積極的態(tài)度去解決，發(fā)揮想象力，認(rèn)識(shí)世界，改造世界。二、教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)1. 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：1) 掌握本部分出現(xiàn)的生詞和詞組，達(dá)到熟練運(yùn)用的目標(biāo)。2) 閱讀短文，獲得相關(guān)的信息。通過(guò)閱讀練習(xí)，來(lái)提高閱讀能力。2. 教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：1) 閱讀短文，獲得相關(guān)的信息的能力。2) 理解并運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯及表達(dá)方式。三、教學(xué)過(guò)程. Revision 1. Check the homework. 2. Role-play the conversation in 2d. . Warming up 一、播放視頻茶葉的起源，讓學(xué)生們了解中國(guó)的茶文化，及茶葉被發(fā)明的淵源，并了解其發(fā)展過(guò)程。1. What is the video about? 2. Who is the writer of Cha Jing? Ss try to answer the questions: Its about the tea. Lu Yu. . Reading Work on 3a: 1. Tell Ss to read the article quickly and match each paragraph with its main idea. Lu Yu and his book Cha JingHow tea spread to other countriesHow tea was invented by accidentPara. 1 Para. 2 Para. 3 Ss read the article quickly and match each paragraph with its main idea. 2. 方法指導(dǎo)：先閱讀所給的三句話(huà)，然后快速閱讀短文，抓住每一段的主題句，找到答案。3. 學(xué)生們，按老師指導(dǎo)的方法進(jìn)行閱讀，并快速閱讀三個(gè)段落。 4. 最后，教師讓部分學(xué)生回答答案，并校對(duì)答案。Para. 1 How tea was invented by accident Para. 2 Lu Yu and his book Cha JingPara. 3 How tea spread to other countriesWork on 3b: 1. 告訴學(xué)生們?cè)俅伍喿x短文內(nèi)容，并回答3b中的所有問(wèn)題。2. 學(xué)生們先閱讀這些問(wèn)題，理解它們的意思，然后帶著相關(guān)問(wèn)題仔細(xì)回讀短文，并在短文的相關(guān)信息處劃線(xiàn)。3. 讓學(xué)生們回答問(wèn)題，并校對(duì)答案。 It was first drunk nearly 5, 000 years ago. Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the boiling water. It produced a nice smell and tasted delicious. This is how tea was invented. Lu Yu. It describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. It was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries and to England around 1660.4. 讓學(xué)生讀一下自己的答案，并改正答案。. Post reading Read and fill the blanks. Fill the blanks according to the first paragraph. Tea (after water), the most popular drink in the world _ (invent) by accident. It is believed that tea _ (drink) 5,000 years ago. It _ (say) that a Chinese ruler _ (call) Shen Nong was the first _ (discover) tea as a drink. One day Shen Nong _ (boil) drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a tea plant _ (fall) into the water and remained there for some time. It _ (produce) a nice smell so he _ (taste) the brown water. It was quite delicious, and so, one of the worlds favorite drinks _ (invent).2. Fill the blanks according to the second paragraph. Lu Yu, “the saint of tea”, _ (mention) Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing a few thousand years later. The book describes how tea plants _ and used to make tea. It also discusses where the finest tea leaves _ (produce) and what kinds of water _ (use). 3. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms.People believed that tea _ (bring) to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea _ (not appear) until around 1660, but in less than 100 years, it had become the national drink. The tea trade from China to Western countries _ (take) place in the 19th century. Work on 3c. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. 1. 告訴學(xué)生們本學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的要求：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。2. 讓學(xué)生們讀3c中的內(nèi)容，理解每個(gè)句子的大體意思。3. 學(xué)生們閱讀句子內(nèi)容，回想短文的內(nèi)容，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~并用其恰當(dāng)形式填空。4. 如果不能直接填上，可以再去閱讀短文，在相關(guān)的內(nèi)容處，再仔細(xì)進(jìn)行閱讀，找到相關(guān)信息，并完成句子。5. Check the answers。 1. One of the worlds favorite drinks was _ by accident. 2. Tea was first _ by Shen Nong about 5,000 years ago. 3. A nice smell was _ when the tea leaves dropped into the hot water. 4. Tea was _ to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.5. Tea is now _ between many different countries. ( 1. invented 2. drunk 3. produced 4. brought 5. traded ）. Language points1. Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident?by accident 偶然；意外地e.g. The little girl knocked the glass by accident. 小女孩不小心碰落了玻璃杯。2. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.ruler n. 統(tǒng)治者；支配者rule (v. 統(tǒng)治) + (e)r ruler 統(tǒng)治者e.g. 這個(gè)新興國(guó)家需要一位現(xiàn)代頭腦的統(tǒng)治者。The new nation needed a modern-minded ruler.It is said that . “據(jù)說(shuō)”，it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句。類(lèi)似句型It is believed that . “人們認(rèn)為/ 據(jù)信”； Its reported that . “據(jù)報(bào)道”。e.g. 據(jù)說(shuō)在許多西方國(guó)家13是個(gè)不吉利的數(shù)字。 It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number in many Western countries.人們認(rèn)為，茶在六至七世紀(jì)傳到了朝鮮和日本。It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.【運(yùn)用】將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1) 人們認(rèn)為教育很重要。2) 據(jù)說(shuō)他的家庭很富裕。3. Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time.remain v. 保持不變；剩余 作連系動(dòng)詞，后跟名詞、形容詞、不定式、分詞等做表語(yǔ)。保持某種狀態(tài)。 e.g. 彼得成為經(jīng)理，可邁克仍是工人。 Peter become a manager, but Mike remained a worker. 作不及物動(dòng)詞，“剩余”。 e.g. 樹(shù)上僅剩下幾片葉子。 Only a few leaves remained on the tree. 4. It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water.n. 氣味；嗅覺(jué) e.g. 蘋(píng)果散發(fā)出香甜的氣味。狗的嗅覺(jué)非常靈敏。 The apples give off a sweet smell. Dogs have a very good sense of smell. vt. 聞到；聞 (smelt, smelt/ smelled, smelled)e.g. 你聞到什么特殊氣味沒(méi)有？ 我喜歡聞花香。 Did you smell anything unusual? I like to smell the flowers.作系動(dòng)詞，“有 / 發(fā)出氣味”。e.g. Coffee is ready. It smells very nice. 咖啡好了。聞起來(lái)很香?！具\(yùn)用】.根據(jù)首字母提示填單詞。1. The meat is producing a terribles .Throw it away!2. Isthat the milk was not fresh.單項(xiàng)選擇。Mom is making dinner. It _ so nice!A. smells B. tastes C. feels D. sounds5. In England, tea didnt appear until around 1660.until用于否定句中，構(gòu)成“not . until .”結(jié)構(gòu)，“直到才”，動(dòng)詞多為短暫性動(dòng)詞。until也可以用于肯定句中，“直到為止”，動(dòng)詞多為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 【運(yùn)用】單項(xiàng)選擇。1. Excuse me. Is it my turn now? Not yet. Please wait on the chair _ your name is called. A. and B. until C. although D. since2. Its too late. I have to go now. Oh, its raining outside. Dont leave _ it stops. A. since B. until C. while6. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century.take place 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn) 是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；常指事先安排或事發(fā)有因的事情。 e.g. Her sisters marriage took place at 8:00 today. 她姐姐的婚禮今天八點(diǎn)舉行。 辨析：happen則常指偶然發(fā)生的事情 e.g. I happened to see Peter on my way to the museum. 在去博物館的路上我碰巧遇到皮特?！具\(yùn)用】單項(xiàng)選擇。The 18th Jiangsu Provincial Games will _ in September. Many students want to be volunteers.A. take place B. take partC. take action D. take care7. the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.without doubt 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)；的確e.g. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，李娜是中國(guó)最優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。 Li Na, without doubt, is the best tennis player in China.8.茶經(jīng)是我國(guó)唐代一部有關(guān)茶葉及品茶的專(zhuān)著，作者陸羽。該書(shū)共分三卷十節(jié)，全面敘述了茶葉生產(chǎn)的歷史，源流，生產(chǎn)技術(shù)以及飲茶技藝和茶道原理，享有 “茶葉百科全書(shū)”之美譽(yù)。VI. Exercises 一、選詞填空 smell, remain, ruler, boil, national 1. October 1st is _ Day in China.2. Humans are the _ of the earth.3. When fish goes bad, it _ terrible. 4. They _ in that forest for a year.5. Water _ at 100. 二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子。1. I found the key _ (偶然) when I was cleaning the house.2. The May 4 Movement _（發(fā)生）in Beijing in 1919. 3. Hell succeed _ (毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)) this time.4. _ (據(jù)說(shuō)) Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. 5. Tea _(被帶到) Korea and Japan during 6th and 7th centuries. Homework Make sentences with these words: by accident, it is believed that, take place, no doubt, be used for, fall into Section A 3 (Grammar Focus-4c)一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)： 1. 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)目標(biāo)：1) 學(xué)習(xí)掌握下列詞匯：fridge, low, somebody, translate, lock, earthquake, sudden, all of a sudden, biscuit, cookie, instrument 2）進(jìn)行一步復(fù)習(xí)鞏固學(xué)習(xí)Section A 部分所學(xué)的生詞和詞組。3）進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4) 掌握主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法，并通過(guò)不同方式的練習(xí)，來(lái)熟練運(yùn)用。2. 情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀(guān)目標(biāo)：培養(yǎng)想象力，善于觀(guān)察事物。面對(duì)難題，用積極的態(tài)度去解決，發(fā)揮想象力，認(rèn)識(shí)世界，改造世界。二、教學(xué)重難點(diǎn) 1. 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：1) 學(xué)習(xí)生詞fridge, low, somebody, translate, lock, earthquake, sudden, all of a sudden, biscuit, cookie, instrument2) 復(fù)習(xí)鞏固Section A 部分所學(xué)的生詞和詞組，達(dá)到熟練運(yùn)用的目標(biāo)。2. 教學(xué)難點(diǎn)： 1) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2) 綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的知識(shí)進(jìn)行練習(xí)運(yùn)用。三、教學(xué)過(guò)程. Warming up and revision 1. Have a dictation of the new words learned in the last class. 2. Review some main phrases we learned in the last class. Check the homework. 3. Let some Ss tell something about how tea was invented by accident. Tell something about how tea was invented by accident.One day Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time. It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water. It was quite delicious and one of the worlds favorite drink was invented.Tell something about Lu Yu and his Cha Jing.Lu Yu “the saint of tea” mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing. The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. It also discusses where the finest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water were used. It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didnt appear until around 1660. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. Grammar Focus. 1. 學(xué)生閱讀Grammar Focus中的句子，然后做填空練習(xí)。 拉鏈?zhǔn)鞘裁磿r(shí)候被發(fā)明的？ _ _ the zipper _? 它于1893年被發(fā)明。 It _ _ in 1893. 它是由誰(shuí)發(fā)明的？ _ _ it invented _? 它是由惠特科姆賈得森發(fā)明的。 It _ _ _ Whitcomb Judson. 茶葉什么時(shí)候被帶到朝鮮去的？ _ _tea _ to Korea? 茶葉在六到七世紀(jì)之間被帶到朝鮮。 It _ _ to Korea _the 6th and 7th centuries. 熱冰淇淋勺用來(lái)做什么？ What _ the hot ice-cream _ _? 它用于挖很冷的冰淇淋。 Its _ _ _ really cold ice-cream. 電話(huà)機(jī)在1876年被貝爾所發(fā)明。 The telephone _ _ _ Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. 貝爾于1876年發(fā)明了電話(huà)機(jī)。 Alexander Graham Bell _ the telephone in 1876. 2. 學(xué)生們根據(jù)記憶，看大屏幕來(lái)完成填空練習(xí)。3. 學(xué)生們完成填空試題后，可以打開(kāi)課本檢查答案，對(duì)錯(cuò)誤的句子，單獨(dú)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化記憶。. Grammar一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中講到的“被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法”和“如何將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(含“主+謂+賓”句型的句子)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)”同樣適用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不同的是這兩種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成，重點(diǎn)講解一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成(was / were +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)及在各種句式中的運(yùn)用。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成為：was / were+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。e.g. The bridge was built last year. The bridge wasnt built last year. Was the bridge built last year? Yes, it was. / No, it wasnt. When was the bridge built?【拓展】1.“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，要把它們作為整體看待，介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉。e.g. My grandma was looked after by a nurse called Lisa. These posters were put up by our head teacher.2.含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可將主動(dòng)句中的直接賓語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)。如果把主動(dòng)句中的直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)，則需在間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~to或for。e.g. 主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：Mom bought me a new coat. 被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：I was bought a new coat. (間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)) A new coat was bought for me. (直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))3.有些動(dòng)詞常用其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如sell, wash, write等和表示感覺(jué)、知覺(jué)的系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, smell等。e.g. This kind of pen writes well. The sweater feels very comfortable.4.在主動(dòng)句中，使役動(dòng)詞(如make等)和感官動(dòng)詞(如see, watch, notice, hear等)后面常接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；但在被動(dòng)句中，這些詞后面的動(dòng)詞不定式都需要帶to。e.g.