高考英語語法填空---2代詞.docx

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡，僅供學習與交流，如有侵權請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除第二集語法填空核心考點考點突破代詞高考考查的重點【考向聚焦】在句中用來代替名詞、名詞短語或句子的詞稱為代詞。代詞可以在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或定語等。近3年來，高考重點考查不定代詞，所考題量占所考代詞總量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代詞。試題的設計注重語境設置，要求考生將句子意思和句子結構聯(lián)系起來選出正確的代詞。因此，做題時要在熟練掌握各類代詞基本用法的基礎上，特別注意句意和句子結構的結合，只靠死背語法是很難奏效的。對應學生用書P5用適當?shù)拇~填空1(2013遼寧，29)To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues.解析句意：Della先贏得了學生的信任，然后贏得了同事的信任。此處用于替代不可數(shù)名詞trust，故用that。如果代替可數(shù)復數(shù)名詞用those或the ones。答案that2(2013江西，23)_ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.解析句意：如果他不喜歡的話，不可能會有人40年擅長一件事情。nobody意為“沒有人”。答案Nobody3(2013山東，21)Ive lived in New York and Chicago，but dont like _ of them very much.解析句意：我在紐約和芝加哥都居住過，但這兩個地方我都不喜歡。短語not.eitherneither(兩者都不)。答案either4(2013陜西，22)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years，she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.解析句意：雖然Rosemary這些年患上了一種嚴重的疾病，但是她并沒喪失對生活的熱情。根據(jù)語境可知用否定詞。答案none5(2013天津，12)At our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.解析考查用于比較對象替代的代詞。句意：在我們工廠有一些與這份雜志中描述相似的機器。those替代可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。答案those6(2013四川，2)The traffic on the main street has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.解析考查比較對象的替代。通?？梢杂胻hat替代不可數(shù)名詞，此處the traffic為不可數(shù)名詞，故用that來替代。答案that7(2013新課標，14)Its an eitheror situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _解析句意：這是一個只能二選一的處境我們可以在今年買一輛新車，或者去度假，但是我們不可能兩件事都做。not.both表不完全否定(并非兩者都)。答案both8(2013重慶，31)Recycling is one way to protect the environment，reusing is _解析句意：回收是保護環(huán)境的一種方式；再利用是另一種方式。another可替代a/onen.。答案another9(2013安徽，27)This project requires close teamwork._ will be achieved unless we work well together.解析句意：如果我們不一起良好合作，我們就不會取得任何成就。答案Nothing10(2013浙江，11)Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.解析根據(jù)橫線后定語surveyed in 16 countries可知，意為被調查的那些人中的一半。答案those對應學生用書P5不定代詞的用法（none，nothing，nobody用 法比較）【典例1】 My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.(2012江西)解析句意：我弟弟想買塊好表，但是那家商店沒有。none表示“在一定范圍內(三者或三者以上)一個也沒有”。答案none【典例2】 I knew that _ would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.(2011湖南)解析句意：我知道沒有什么能夠阻止他，他將永遠不會放棄成為一名導演?？疾榇~。答案nothing1John has tried many ways to solve the physics problems，but _ works.解析根據(jù)語境可知，此題應填代詞none指代not any way。句意：約翰已經(jīng)嘗試了許多解決這些物理難題的方法，但是沒有一種方法有效。答案none2How do you find your new classmates?Most of them are kind，but _ is so good to me as Bruce.答案nonenone，nothing，nobody(no one)的用法none指人或物，相當于no名詞；可回答how many，how much的提問；可與of連用How much money do you have？None.你有多少錢？一點也沒有。I want some more cheese，but theres none left.我想再吃點奶酪，但是一點也沒剩。As we were asleep，none of us heard the sound.由于我們在睡覺，因此沒人聽到那聲音。nothing指物；可回答what的提問What are you doing now？Nothing.你現(xiàn)在在干什么？什么也沒干。nobody (no one)指人；可回答who的提問Who is in the room？No one/Nobody.誰在屋里？沒人。no one無任何人nothing無任何物none無所提及的人、物 none的用法比較）【典例3】 He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again.(2010重慶)解析句意：戰(zhàn)爭期間他發(fā)脾氣且損害了健康；但現(xiàn)在哪一樣都沒有了?？疾榇~。根據(jù)題干中的temper和health，可知設空處指的是兩者。答案either【典例4】 John，when shall we meet again，Thursday or Friday?_Ill be off to London then.(2012重慶)解析句意：約翰，我們什么時候再見一次面，周四還是周五？都不行，我那個時候要去倫敦。根據(jù)答語中的Ill be off to London then.可知需填表否定意義的代詞。答案Neither3It was hard for him to learn English in a family，in which _ of the parents spoke the language.答案neither4Which of the three optional courses did you like best，Joe?To tell you the truth，I didnt like _ of them.答案anyeither，both，neither，all，none，any的常見用法如下：兩者either肯定含義作主語時謂語動詞常用單數(shù)both肯定含義作主語時謂語動詞用復數(shù)neither否定含義作主語時謂語動詞常用單數(shù)三者或三者以上不定代詞的用法（other，another，the other， others，the others的用法比較）【典例5】 Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them.(2010全國)解析考查代詞用法。句意：雙方都不肯與對方交談，除非我們消除他們之間的隔閡。根據(jù)句中的neither可知共有兩方，所以指雙方中的另外一方用the other。答案the other【典例6】 The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent.解析根據(jù)句意“經(jīng)理認為價格的上漲不會再超過4%”可知，another為本題的正確答案。在英語中，“another基數(shù)詞名詞”結構相當于“基數(shù)詞more名詞”結構，意為“再/又”。答案another5No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _答案the other6Would you like to go and watch a tennis match this weekend with us?Im sorry，but Ive got _ plans.答案other在英語中，other(s)，the other(s)，another是常用的代詞，它們的用法如下：(1)other意為“其他的”，其后常接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式，也可接不可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指概念。(2)others意為“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名詞，因為它相當于“other名詞”結構，也表示泛指概念。(3)the other有兩種常見用法：the other意為“其他的”，其后常接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式，也可接不可數(shù)名詞，表示特指概念；the other意為“兩者中的另一個”，常用于“one.the other.”結構。(4)the others意為“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名詞，因為它相當于“the other可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”結構，表示特指概念。(5)another意為“又/再”，常用于“another基數(shù)詞名詞”結構。該結構相當于“基數(shù)詞more名詞”這一結構。全部否定與部分否定【典例7】 Wow！Youve got so many clothes.But _ of them are in fashion now.解析句意：哇！你有那么多衣服啊。但是現(xiàn)在沒有一件跟得上潮流的了。根據(jù)句意，空格處應用否定代詞none。注意neither與none的用法不同：前者表示“兩者都不”，后者表示“三者或三者以上都不”。答案none【典例8】 Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but _ of them wants to，because they have work to do.(2012新課標全國)解析考查代詞的用法。句意：Larry讓Bill和Peter和他一起去野餐，但是他們兩個人沒有一人想去，因為他們都有工作要做。前面提到的是Bill和Peter兩個人，再結合轉折連詞but和謂語動詞wants可知是對兩者進行否定，所以用neither。答案neither7The exam was easy，wasnt it?Yes，but I dont think _ could pass it.答案everybody8I havent seen _ of her films，but judging from the one I have seen recently I think shes a promising actress.答案both全部否定的不定代詞：none，no one，nobody，nothing，neither，not any，no名詞。部分否定的不定代詞：not與all，both，everyone，everybody, everything等連用，其中not可以位于句首或句中。替代詞的用法【典例9】 More than 68，600 foreigners are working in Shanghai.The number is 13 times _ of 1996，when Shanghai started issuing expatriate work permits.解析考查代詞。句意：現(xiàn)在有超過68 600個外國人在上海工作。此數(shù)量是1996年開始簽發(fā)僑民工作許可證時的13倍。此處that指代上文中的“number”。答案that【典例10】 I just choose a simpler lifestyle，_ where I can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive.解析考查代詞。句意：我只是選擇了一種更簡單的生活方式，一種可以騎自行車到處跑，不必為生活而奔波的生活方式。one是a simpler lifestyle的同位語。答案one9Weve been looking for cheap houses but havent found _ yet.答案one10The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper.答案thatthat，it，one，ones，those，the one(s)等都可以用作代詞，但它們所指代的情況不同。(1)it通常用來指代上文提到過的那個事物，表示特指概念，即指代同一物。(2)one表示泛指概念，替代可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。其復數(shù)形式ones也表示泛指概念，用來替代可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。the one(s)也是替代可數(shù)名詞，但表示特指概念。(3)that既可以用來指代不可數(shù)名詞，又可以用來指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，表示特指概念，相當于“the名詞”結構。(4)those用來指代可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式，表示特指概念，相當于“the可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”結構。它是that(指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時)的復數(shù)形式。(5)當that或those在句中指代事物時，它們的后面通常使用一些后置定語，如：Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.(that指代不可數(shù)名詞joy)特別提醒：(1)that只能代替事物不能代替人(定語從句除外)，one既可代替事物也可代替人。(2)“物主代詞own”之后不能加one。(3)一般可以用this one，that one，較少用these ones和those ones。當ones前有形容詞修飾時則可以用these和those。it的用法【典例11】 No matter where he is，he makes _ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.(2012陜西)解析考查it作形式賓語。句意：不管他在哪兒，早餐前都要去散步，這是他的慣例。句中it用作形式賓語，不定式短語“to go for a walk before breakfast”是真正的賓語。答案it【典例12】 Ive read another book this week.Well，maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.解析考查強調句型。此處被強調部分為“not how much you read but what you read”。句意：這個星期我又讀了一本書。嗯，也許重要的不是你讀的量的多少而是你所讀的內容。答案it11(2011江西)Why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on?答案it12We have made _ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.答案itit的用法歸納(1)it的基本用法：it可以用作人稱代詞，指代事物或上文提到過的內容；在特定的環(huán)境中，也可指性別不詳、身份不明的人或嬰兒等；可以表示天氣、時間、距離、金錢等。(2)it充當形式主語或形式賓語的用法(3)有關it的幾個易混句型Its time for sb to do sthIt/This/That isthe first/second.timethat sb has/have done sthIt will be時間段before sb do/does sthIt is/has been時間段since sb did sthIt is/was具體時間點when從句。(4)it可以用來構成強調句型這一句型可以對主語、賓語及狀語進行強調。指示代詞、反身代詞、人稱代詞的用法【典例13】 Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?Victoria Street？_ is where the Grand Theatre is.解析that在此指代較遠的地方。答案That【典例14】 Surprisingly，Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _ almost an overcoat for her.(2011安徽)解析考查代詞。句意：令人驚奇的是，蘇珊漂亮的頭發(fā)垂到了膝蓋以下，幾乎成為了她的外套。此處itself指的是“頭發(fā)本身”。答案itself【典例15】 There is _ in his words.We should have a try.(2011四川)解析由“我們應該試一試”可知，第一句句意應該為“他的話有道理”；代詞something在此意為“重要的東西”，符合句意。答案something【典例16】 _ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.解析such作代詞，指代后面要提到的名詞the power。答案Such13Have you heard the latest news?No，what _？答案is it14To save class time，our teacher has _ students do half the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework.答案us15Who called me this morning when I was out?A man calling _ Robert.答案himself16Some of the stamps belong to me，while the rest are _答案his and hers做題過程中要注意做到以下兩點：1明確指代。我們首先要分析上下文，明確代詞所代指的對象；代詞指代的是人還是物；代詞代指的是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞；代詞代指的是單數(shù)概念還是復數(shù)概念(是兩者、三者還是三者以上)；是特指還是泛指。2邏輯關系。做題時，通過分析上下文所蘊含的邏輯關系做出正確的判斷?？梢詮囊韵聝蓚€方面考慮：代詞表示的范圍；代詞在句中構成的是全部否定還是部分否定。對應學生用書P8用適當?shù)拇~填空1(2013北京東城區(qū)高三期末)I asked for some more cake，but there was _ left.解析句意：我想再要一些蛋糕，但沒有一個留下。此處none意為“一個沒有”。答案none2(2013北京海淀區(qū)期末)John has always wanted an ipad and he has just saved enough money to buy _解析句意：John想買一部ipad，他已攢夠買一部的錢。此處onean.是同類指代。答案one3(2013北京西城區(qū)高三期末)Being more realistic，the elderly have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of _ that dont.解析句意：更現(xiàn)實的是，年齡大的人已經(jīng)學會了集中精力于讓他們感到高興的事，并放棄那些不能讓他們高興的事。此處thosethings。答案those4(2013山師附中月考)Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but _ didnt help.解析句意：湯姆的母親不斷地告訴他應該更加努力地學習，可是沒用。此處it didnt help意為“沒有，不奏效”。it指代前面的內容。答案it5(2013濟寧一中高考模擬)Have you got any books on English grammar？Id like to borrow _Yes，here you are.But you