【同課異構(gòu)】牛津版高中英語(yǔ)必修3課件（江蘇專用）： Unit 1《Section Four Grammar and usage》1.ppt

unit1theworldofoursenses 名詞性從句 grammarandusage nounclause justhaveago canyouchoosethebestanswertoeachsentence 1 withhisworkcompleted thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat feelingpleased hewasamanofaction a whichb thatc whatd whether2 wehaven tsettledthequestionof itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad a ifb wherec whetherd that3 makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices a whatb whoc whateverd whoever b c a canyoudistinguishthat clauseinthetwosentences 1 weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed 2 weexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometochinaagain 在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞從句 nounclauses 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ) 介詞賓語(yǔ)等 因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能 名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句 名詞從句 hisjobisimportant whathedoesisimportant thisishisjob thisiswhathedoeseveryday 名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞 主語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) idon tlikehisjob idon tlikewhathedoeseveryday idon tknowabouttheman mr white idon tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher 同位語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 1 thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy a thatb whatc whyd if2 iwonder youwillgoshoppingorstayathome a thatb ifc whetherd what3 thisis hewasoftenlateforschool a whatb thatc whyd whether4 weallknowthetruth theearth aroundthesun if movedb that movesc why moved whether move 主語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句 practice atlunchtime theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldn tseeanything thefactthatpollydidn taskfortheman snameisapity predictiveclause 表語(yǔ)從句 objectclause 賓語(yǔ)從句 subjectclause 主語(yǔ)從句 appositiveclause同位語(yǔ)從句 findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem 1thathewillsucceediscertain 2whetherhewillgothereisnotknown 3whathesaidisnottrue 4wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout 5whoevercomesiswelcome 6howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting 7whenthey llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet subjectclause 主語(yǔ)從句 it isusedasemptysubject 形式主語(yǔ) 為避免主語(yǔ)冗長(zhǎng) 句子頭重腳輕 經(jīng)常用it作形式主語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)從句放在后面作真正的主語(yǔ) 1 itiscertainthathewillsucceed 2 itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere 3 ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenthey llstarttheproject it slikely possible important necessary clearthat 很可能 重要的是 必要的是 很清楚 it ssaid reportedthat 據(jù)說(shuō) 據(jù)報(bào)道 itseems appears happensthat 顯然 明顯 碰巧 it sbeenannounced declaredthat 已經(jīng)通知 宣布 it snowonderthat 并不奇怪 無(wú)疑 it sapity afact acommonknowledge 眾所周知 acommonsaying 俗話說(shuō) that 在下列句型中常使用that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分 可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 介詞 不定式等非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus heaskedhowmuchipaidfortheviolin hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses 2 賓語(yǔ)從句 that whether if that常可省略 who what which whoever whatever whenwherewhyhow 連詞 當(dāng)whether后緊跟or ornot時(shí) 不用if idon tknowwhetherornotiwillstay介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用if iworryaboutwhetherihurtherfeeling 注意 1 whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句 在主 謂 it 形式賓語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ) that從句 真正賓語(yǔ) 的句型中不省略wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay 由連詞and連接的兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中 第二個(gè)that不省略 hetoldme that hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime 2 that在賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略與保留 thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim that sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime helookedasifhewasgoingtocry that swhyiwaslate 表語(yǔ)從句 在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)成分 一般放在連系動(dòng)詞之后 作用 對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明 表語(yǔ)從句 連接詞 when where why how because that whether asif asthough if不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句 連接代詞 who whom whose which what 連接副詞 同位語(yǔ)從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)成分 其一般跟在一些抽象名詞 idea belief fact truth problem news等 后面 對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明 同位語(yǔ)從句常用that引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞when where why how whether 1 theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople 2 wordcamethatnapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspect 視察 them 3 sydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforlucietomakesureofherhappiness 同位語(yǔ)從句 1 twothirdsofallgirlsinbritainareonadiet thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot 2 thequeenofenglandwasonathree dayvisitinchina weheardthenewslastnight thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot weheardthenewslastnightthatthequeenofenglandwasonathree dayvisitinchina 4 timetravelispossible thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea 5 chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool 3 teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline manybritishparentsholdtheview manybritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn tspendtoomuchtimeonline thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible thesuggestionthatchinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool usefulphrases reducepainascientificstudybreatheinsniffpleasantsmelltakethepainberelatedtobelinkedto 減少疼痛一次科學(xué)研究吸進(jìn)聞香味忍受疼痛與 相關(guān)與 相聯(lián)系 分析下列賓語(yǔ)從句中的連詞 idon tdoubt that youwillsucceed idon tknowwhether ifhewillcometonight idoubtif whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise 3個(gè)句子中的連詞that whether if 是否 在名詞性從句中只起連接作用 在句中不擔(dān)任成分 被稱為連接詞注意 a that本身無(wú)意義 在賓語(yǔ)從句中可以省略 但在別的三種名詞性從句中不可以省略 b whether和if有是否的意義 在賓語(yǔ)從句中二者通?？梢曰Q 但whether可以用于所有的四種名詞性從句 而if僅可以用于賓語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)名詞從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞 連接詞 一 名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序 1 名詞性從句構(gòu)成有兩種 a that 陳述句 thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall thisiswhatwearelookingfor 名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納 b 疑問(wèn)詞 句子的剩余成分 2 疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用陳述句語(yǔ)序 不能用一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序 howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle 你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎 f t t f 他是怎么成功的仍然是個(gè)謎 couldyoutellmewherehelives couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive 二 名詞性從句連接詞的選用 1 that和what的選用 that和what都可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞從句 但是 what除起連接作用外 還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分 可做從句的主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 或表語(yǔ) 而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分 只起連接作用 that what 1 hewantsisabook 2 hewantstogothereisobvious 3 theresultis wewonthegame 4 thisis wewanttoknow 5 is hetoldustrue 6 weshouldpayattentionto theteacherissaying 7 ihavenodoubt hewillcome 8 ihavenoidea hedidthatafternoon what that that what what what that what a 主語(yǔ)從句b 表語(yǔ)從句c 同位語(yǔ)從句e 介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句f whethertodo做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)不能用iftodo gwhetherornot連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不用if if和whether的選用 不能使用if的情況 1 iaskedher shehadabike 2 wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather 3 we reworriedabout heissafe 4 idon tknow heiswellornot 5 idon tknow ornotheiswell 6 thequestionis heshoulddoit 7 thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion theoldmanwillrecoversoon 8 idon tknow togo if whether whether whether whether if whether whether whether whether if whether 其它連接代詞和副詞的連用 主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義 正確的選擇who which when where why how等連接詞 這些連接詞既具有疑問(wèn)含義 又起連接作用 同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分 我們何時(shí)舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還沒(méi)有決定 weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided 我不知道昨天誰(shuí)打破了玻璃 idon tknow broketheglassyesterday 我不知道他長(zhǎng)的什么樣子 ihavenoidea helookslike 這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方 thisis ileftmyglasses when who what where that可省略的情況 that不可省略的情況 主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句用it做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句并列的賓語(yǔ)從句中的后幾個(gè)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略 引導(dǎo)詞that的省略 單個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中的that可省略 1 idon tthink sheiscoming 2 itisapity hehasmadesuchamistake 3 thereasonis heiscareless 4 thenews ourteamwonthematchinspiredus 5 idon tthinkitnecessary youshouldreadenglishaloud 6 hetoldme hisfatherhaddiedand hehadtomakealivingalone that that that that that that that that that 1 同位語(yǔ)從句的格式 2 能接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有 3 連接詞通常是that 也可根據(jù)含義選用 三 同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)和辨別 n 連接詞 從句 order belief suggestion advice information等 whether what when where等來(lái)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句 fact idea news 1 ihavenoidea hecomesfrom 2 hecan tanswerthequestion hegotthemoney 3 hegaveusmanysuggestions weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise 4 ihavenodoubt hewillwin 5 ihavesomedoubt hewillwin where how that that whether that whether where how 1 定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的修飾語(yǔ) 它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容 定語(yǔ)從句中that不但起連接作用 而且在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分 充當(dāng)從句的賓語(yǔ)成分時(shí)可省略 2 同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)中心詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋和說(shuō)明 表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that在同位語(yǔ)從句中不做任何成分 只起連接作用 無(wú)具體含義 且不可省略 同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 1 weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed 2 weexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometochinaagain 1 theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity 2 theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue at ap ap at attributiveorappositive hegavemeasuggestionthati should becalmnow 名詞demand suggestion proposal advice等詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)氣要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 結(jié)構(gòu)為should do should可省略 a 他相信他的夢(mèng)想總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的 hebelieves b 請(qǐng)告訴我你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么 pleasetellme hisdreamwillcometruesomeday whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) 1 如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí) 從句謂語(yǔ)可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時(shí)態(tài) 他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備 hetoldme 他說(shuō)他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了 hetoldme 老師告訴我們光是沿直線運(yùn)行的 theteachertoldus hewaspreparingfortheexamination hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears lighttravelsinastraightline 2 如果主句謂語(yǔ)是過(guò)去時(shí) 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài) 但從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí) 真理 自然規(guī)律等時(shí) 從句謂語(yǔ)通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1 thereason wedidn ttrusthimwas heoftenlied 2 thereason hegaveforhisabsentwas hewasill reason后面的表語(yǔ)從句只能用that引導(dǎo) 不能用why引導(dǎo) 但reason后面的定語(yǔ)從句可以用why或者that引導(dǎo) 在名詞性從句中 我們還須特別注意以下問(wèn)題 why that that that partaandpartbatpage11 practicetime haveanythingtodowithoverallhealthmakethemostofmisuseoursensesignoreoursenseoftouchratherthanwearanightshirtbepleasanttotouchsleepdeeplygivesb chancetodosth 與 有任何關(guān)系全身健康充分利用誤用我們的器官忽視我們的觸覺(jué)而不是 勝過(guò)穿著睡衣手感好睡得深給某人機(jī)會(huì)做某事 languagepoints atthenorthpolemakeone swaytogettomydestinationwalkthroughthethicksnowbecomeworseitis becomesimpossibletodosth losesightofcontinuewalkingsweatwithfear 在北極朝某地走去到達(dá)我的目的地走過(guò)厚厚的積雪變得更糟做某事不可能看不見繼續(xù)跑害怕得出汗 1 theyexpressedthehope theywouldcomeovertochina a whichb thatc whomd when2 thefact hedidn tseetomyesterdayistrue a thatb whichc whend what3 ihavenoidea hewillcomeback a whereb whenc whatd that choosethebestanswer 4 thenews surprisedeverybodyyes