名詞性從句完美講義.doc

名詞性從句完美講義第一節(jié) 相關(guān)概念一、定義：在復(fù)合句中相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)的從句。二、引導(dǎo)詞：1. 連詞: that , if, whether, as if2. 連接代詞: who , what, which, whose, whom以及whoever, whatever, whichever等3. 連接副詞: when, where, why, how，whenever, wherever,however等 三、各類名詞性從句的特征：主語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)：辨別下列名詞性從句的類別。1.How the book will sell depends on its author.2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently.4.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S.6.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.第二節(jié) 主語(yǔ)從句1 定義：在復(fù)合句中作句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫做主語(yǔ)從句。2 連接詞：引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有三類：連詞that、whether;疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which，whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever;疑問(wèn)副詞when, where, how, why，however, whenever, wherever等 連詞that（無(wú)詞意）, whether(是否), 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用; whether 能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，而if不能。That you dont like him has nothing to do with me.Whether John will do this experiment remains a question.a. That the wounded soldier is still alive is a wonder.It is a wonder that the wounded soldier is still alive.常見(jiàn)的句型有：It is/was +形容詞+that 從句Its unlikely that 不可能 Its strange that奇怪的是It is/was +名詞+that 從句 Its a pity that 遺憾的是 Its a fact that 事實(shí)是It +不及物動(dòng)詞+that 從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that碰巧 It appears that看來(lái) It turns out that結(jié)果It is/was +過(guò)去分詞+that 從句 Its not known that 不得而知 Its said that 據(jù)說(shuō)其他 It doesnt matter +that /wh-Clause 是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的 It makes no difference +that /wh-Clause毫無(wú)區(qū)別 疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which, 在從句中既作連接詞又充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。 What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown.Whoever wants this book may take it. 疑問(wèn)副詞when, where, how, why，whenever, however, wherever等在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)如：When they will start hasnt been decided yet.Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story.第三節(jié) 表語(yǔ)從句1 定義：用作表語(yǔ)的從句叫做表語(yǔ)從句。2 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞種類：(1)連詞that，whether（無(wú)if） that在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)無(wú)詞義，而whether有詞義，意為、“是否”。這時(shí)主句的主語(yǔ)常常是些抽象名詞，如question(問(wèn)題)，trouble(麻煩)，problem(問(wèn)題)，result(結(jié)果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建議)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表語(yǔ)從句對(duì)主句主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明、解釋，使主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容具體化。The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻煩的事是他丟了錢。The question is whether we need more ice cream.問(wèn)題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋。我們不能理解越來(lái)越少的學(xué)生對(duì)他的課不感興趣。(2)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever連接副詞 where, when, how, why, wherever, whenever, however。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問(wèn)題是我們能找到誰(shuí)去替換她呢。The question is how he did it. 問(wèn)題是他是如何做此事的。（3）由連詞because，as if/as though等引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。It looked as if it was going to snow.看起來(lái)好像要下雪了。Thats because we never thought of it.這是因?yàn)槲覀儚奈聪脒^(guò)此事。第四節(jié) 賓語(yǔ)從句1 定義：用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。2 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：(1) 從屬連詞that。如：He told us that he felt ill. 他對(duì)我們說(shuō)他感到不舒服。Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.大家都會(huì)看出所發(fā)生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。(and連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，that賓語(yǔ)從句放在and的后面時(shí)，that不能省略。)I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 對(duì)他我一無(wú)所知，只知道他是南方人。(that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不能省略。) We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. 鑒于他的特殊情況，我們決定應(yīng)允他一段試用期。(主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語(yǔ)，that不可省略。)(2)從屬連詞if/whether。如：I doubt whether he will succeed. 我懷疑他是否會(huì)成功。I dont know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否幫助我。if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以互換使用，但whether常和or not連用，if一般不與or not連用。如：I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。用if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句如果會(huì)引起歧義，應(yīng)避免使用if而用whether。試比較：Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go. (3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever連接副詞 where, when, how, why。Who or what he was, Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？馬丁根本不知道。I wonder what hes writing to me about. 我不知道他要給我寫信說(shuō)什么事。4 賓語(yǔ)從句包括動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)從句，介詞賓語(yǔ)從句及形容詞賓語(yǔ)從句。（1）介詞賓語(yǔ)從句如：He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他對(duì)那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。（2）動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)從句注意：a. 在demand, order, desire, request, command insist, suggest, advise,等表愿望，命令等時(shí)，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。賓語(yǔ)從句常用“should+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。 如：a) I insist that she (should) do her work alone. b. 動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)詞如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，賓語(yǔ)從句前可以有一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)，這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以省略，有的不能省略。He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已經(jīng)通知我們將什么時(shí)候討論我的建議。(me不可省略)（3）形容詞或過(guò)去分詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句I am not certain whether I have met him before.我不能肯定從前是否見(jiàn)過(guò)他。注意：that引導(dǎo)的從句在下列形容詞后面作賓語(yǔ)，that可以省略。anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content, proud等。第五節(jié) 同位語(yǔ)從句1定義：用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。2用法：同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞多為fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.對(duì)你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。注：同位語(yǔ)從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如：I have no idea whether hell come or not. 我不知道他是否來(lái)。連接代詞who, which, what和連接副詞where, when, why, how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。The question who should do the work requires consideration.誰(shuí)該干這項(xiàng)工作，這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要考慮。高考趨勢(shì)與重點(diǎn) 名詞性從句在歷年地高考中幾乎都有所涉及，并且每年地命題各有變化。近年來(lái)地高考試題更側(cè)重于在一定地語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下考查熟練使用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序和關(guān)聯(lián)詞地能力。因此，在平時(shí)地備考復(fù)習(xí)中我們除了牢固掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)外，還要多注意一定語(yǔ)境下基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)地運(yùn)用。一、 It 在名詞性從句中得用法：1. It is time that(虛擬語(yǔ)氣) w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m2. It is the first time that（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）3. It is necessary (important) thatshould do(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)4. It is likely(possible, obvious, clear, natural, certain,) that5. It is a pity(a fact, good news, no wonder, an honour, a shame, common sense, a common practice) that6. It turned out that; It happened that; It occurred to sb. that; 7. It is said(reported, believed, estimated, announced, expected) that;8. It is suggested(required, ordered) that(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)二、 What 與that 在名詞性從句中用法比較：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mThat Tom fell off his chair by accident got the classmates laughing.What Tom learned in university helps him a lot in his job.注：that 在從句中不作任何成分，what 在從句中必須擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。We have reached what is called XinJie kou.三、 賓語(yǔ)從句1. 一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后跟多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)開(kāi)始的連詞that不能省略。He said (that) he didnt attend the party and that he didnt want to.2. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移I dont think he is fit for the job, is he?I never thought that he would come for the dinner party.3. 有些不可直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞。I hate it when; I dislike it when; Id appreciate it ifI will see to it that4. 與定語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)換Jerry told us _ he had seen abroad.A. what B. all that C. all what D. all 注：本題四個(gè)答案都正確。答案C 可以看作all 是前面的us 的同位語(yǔ)。 四、 主語(yǔ)從句a. 主語(yǔ)從句于定語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)換 What is needed has been bought. All that is needed has been bought. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mb. 幾個(gè)特殊句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 It is known to all that China has joined the WTO. As is known to all, China has joined the WTO. What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.五、 表語(yǔ)從句a. 表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 My suggestion is that we should carry out the plan as soon as possible.b. 幾個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句的切換 The reason why I came late is that my car broke down on the half way. He came late. Thats because his car broke down. His car broke down on the half way. Thats why he came late.六、 同位語(yǔ)從句a. 與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 It is a fact that he has done his best. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m It is a fact that you cant refuse.b. 同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 The proposal that he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting. The proposal that we should import more equipment is to be discussed.c. have no idea 后面跟同位語(yǔ)從句 I have no idea where Green Park lies.第一部分：基礎(chǔ)題1. _ makes 高考資源網(wǎng)his shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. WhoC. WhateverD. Whoever2. Its thirty years since we last met. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m But I still remember the story, believe it or not,_ we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. when3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. What4. Could you do me a favor?It depends on _ it is. A. whichB. whicheverC. whatD. whatever5. These shoes look very good. I wonder _. A. how much cost they are B. how much do they costC. how much they costD. how much are they cost6. Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.A. which B. that C. when D. why7. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that8. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?A. thatB. whatC. asD. which9. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn toC. for whom to turnD. for her to turn10. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA. /B. whetherC. howD. what11. Danny left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which12. Mum is coming. What present _ for your birthday?A. you expect she has gotB. you expect has she gotC. do you expect she has gotD. do you expect has she got13. The way he did it was different _ we were used to.A. in whichB. in whatC. from whatD. from which14. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; whenB. that; whichC. what; whichD. which; that15. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether第二部分：強(qiáng)化題1. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that2. A warm thought suddenly came to me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA. if B. when C. that D. which3. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. that B. which C. until D. if4. Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.A. where B. when C. how D. what5. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _ we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which6. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether7. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever8. I just wonder that makes him so excited. A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is9. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger , more prosperous economy. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA. As B. That C. This D. It10. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B. that C. where D. because11. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. A. whereB. howC. whatD. which12. He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from _ it had been in the morning. A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which13. Id like to work with _ is honest and easy to get on with. (2006年山東模擬題)A. whoB. whoeverC. whomeverD. no matter who14. When you are reading, make a note of _ you think is of great importance.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. when15. Can we get everything ready by the weekend?It all depends on _ we can get Mr. Greens cooperation. A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. 1. A 此題考察what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法。在此題中what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。2. B 通過(guò)對(duì)句子的分析可知，believe it or not是插入語(yǔ)，在此句中that引導(dǎo)的是the story的同位語(yǔ)從句。3. D 通過(guò)對(duì)句子的分析可知，此題需要選一詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，而從句中的明顯缺少賓語(yǔ)，故只能what用來(lái)充當(dāng)。4. C 介詞on后面賓語(yǔ)從句不完整，同時(shí)從句缺少主語(yǔ)，故只能由what來(lái)充當(dāng)。5. C wonder后面的從句是疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序。即：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。6. B 此句主句完整，從句也完整，故用that引導(dǎo)構(gòu)成與the fact的同位語(yǔ)從句。7. A why在它引導(dǎo)的從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)，從句在主句里充當(dāng)介詞on的賓語(yǔ)。8. B what在它引導(dǎo)的從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，同時(shí)整個(gè)從句可看成是idea的同位語(yǔ)從句，來(lái)說(shuō)明idea的具體內(nèi)容。9. B 本題考查定語(yǔ)從句以及固定短語(yǔ)turn to 的用法，關(guān)系代詞因?yàn)樵诤竺娑ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)因此省略掉，turn to sb 求助于某人。10. B 本題根據(jù)意思以及后面與or 的搭配關(guān)系可判斷該處是“是否”，whether 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。B 本題考查名詞性從句中的同位語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)下文可知Danny留下的口信的內(nèi)容，that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。11. C 本題考查雙重疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)詞do you think/believe/expect句子的其他成分（句子用稱述句語(yǔ)序）。12. C 本題考查固定短語(yǔ) be different from同時(shí)也考查名詞性從句中的賓語(yǔ)從句，介詞from后是賓語(yǔ)從句，但從句中be used to 后面少賓語(yǔ)，且根據(jù)上文是我們過(guò)去習(xí)慣的方法，這用what 符合語(yǔ)意。13. A 本題考查的是名詞性從句中的表語(yǔ)從句，后面表語(yǔ)從句不完整，it was 后面還缺少表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)意思是“20年前的 樣子”，后面一個(gè)句子是對(duì)20年前的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，20年前學(xué)校設(shè)備條件不好，when 在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。14. B 本題考查名詞性從句的同位語(yǔ)，doubt 后的同位語(yǔ)根據(jù)意思沒(méi)有懷疑故選擇that 引導(dǎo)，that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分。強(qiáng)化題1. C whether引導(dǎo)的從句構(gòu)成與名詞the question的同位語(yǔ)。(原答案似乎有誤)2. C 主句完整,同時(shí)從句也不缺成分。根據(jù)句意可看出that引導(dǎo)的從句構(gòu)成與a warm thought的同位語(yǔ)。3. A that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，具體說(shuō)明chance（可能性）的內(nèi)容。4. B 句意：請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐宜f(shuō)他將什么時(shí)候走。5. B 因先行詞是natives，故淘汰A和D。又因give sth. to sb.固定短語(yǔ)，所以選B。介詞to可放在關(guān)系代詞whom的前面。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m6. B pleased后面缺少賓語(yǔ)從句，he was a man of action句意完整，故用that引導(dǎo)。7. D No matter what/which只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，排除A和B。C和D的區(qū)別在于一個(gè)無(wú)范圍，一個(gè)有范圍。8. D wonder后面的賓語(yǔ)從句本是what makes him so excited：。但what需要被強(qiáng)調(diào)，故用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。9. D 本題考查it 作形式主語(yǔ), 后面的that 引導(dǎo)真正的主句從句.10. B 本題考查同位語(yǔ)從句, reason 后面有for 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ), 接著后面是that 引導(dǎo)的句子來(lái)說(shuō)明理由的內(nèi)容.11. C 本題考查名詞性從句的賓語(yǔ)從句,介詞for 后接賓語(yǔ)從句但賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ), he thought 是插入語(yǔ). 連詞what 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句且在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),which 的意思不符合.12. C 本題考查固定短語(yǔ) be different from同時(shí)也考查名詞性從句中的賓語(yǔ)從句，介詞from后是賓語(yǔ)從句，但從句中it had been 后面少表語(yǔ)，所以what 符合語(yǔ)意。13. B 本題考查名詞性從句中的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句, 根據(jù)下文意思以及在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ), D 不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句, who 表達(dá)的意思不對(duì)14. C 本題考查名詞性從句介詞賓語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ)從句中you think 是插入語(yǔ), 故句中缺少主語(yǔ),which 意思不對(duì),故選what15. C 本題考查介詞賓語(yǔ)從句, 根據(jù)上下文意思 該處應(yīng)該是”我們是否能得到Green先生的.2012高考英語(yǔ)單選題分類匯編 名詞性從句【2012安徽】27. The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 【答案】B【2012重慶】34. Evidence has been found through years of study_ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.A. why B. how C. whether D. that【答案】D【2012全國(guó)】24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. whichC. that D. what【答案】D【2012北京】24. Jerry