七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)冠詞講解 練習(xí)題.doc

七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)冠詞的用法I. 冠詞的分類冠詞可以分為不定冠詞（a/an）、定冠詞（the）和零冠詞（不用冠詞）。II. 冠詞的用法一. 不定冠詞的用法不定冠詞a (an)表示的意思是“一個(gè)”。a用于輔音音素開(kāi)頭的詞前；而an則用于元音音素開(kāi)頭的詞前。 注意:這里講的音素指的是發(fā)音，不是指輔音字母。例：hotel knife tool useful book uniform uncle ant eye ear English book egg apple old man elephant one-eyed man hourD F1.用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，表示“一”。 There is an apple on the plate.a. a (an) 雖表示“一個(gè)”，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)類別；one則強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量。例：I bought a computer. 我買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)電腦。（不是收音機(jī)和電視機(jī)）I bought one computer. 我買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)電腦。 （不是兩臺(tái)）Would you like an ice cream? 來(lái)一客冰淇淋好嗎？（不是別的食物）She gave one ice cream to them each. 她給他們每人一客冰淇淋。（不是兩客）b. 表示數(shù)量對(duì)比時(shí)，要用one, 不用a(an)。比：我有一支紅鉛筆，但是他有三支。I have a red pencil, but she has three. （誤）I have one red pencil, but she has three. （正）我只需要一美元，但他給了我兩美元。I only want a dollar, but he has given me two. （誤）I only want one dollar, but he has given me two. （正）2.表示一類人或物。 A dog is a cute animal.3.第一次提到某人或某物。This is an English-Chinese dictionary.A girl wants to see you. 一位姑娘要見(jiàn)你。4.用于專有名詞前，表示不認(rèn)識(shí)某人A Zhang called you just now. 一位姓張的剛才給你打電話。A Mr. Smith wanted to see you. 有位史密斯先生想要見(jiàn)你。5.表示身份、職業(yè)不定冠詞用于單數(shù)名詞前表示身份、職業(yè)，尤其用在作表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的名詞前。例：She is a high school teacher. Her name is Li Fang. 她是一位中學(xué)教師，名叫李芳。The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician. 懷特夫婦想要他們的女兒成為音樂(lè)家。提示表示某個(gè)職位在某一時(shí)期內(nèi)只有一人擔(dān)任，或表示某人的頭銜，則不用冠詞。例：He is captain of the team. 他是球隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。Zhang Fei, monitor of their class, is good at English. 張飛是他們的班長(zhǎng)，英語(yǔ)很棒。6. 用在表示自然現(xiàn)象的名詞前這類名詞有：rain 雨，wind風(fēng), fog霧， snow雪, air空氣, storm風(fēng)暴, snowstorm 暴風(fēng)雪這類名詞前有形容詞修飾時(shí)，可用不定冠詞，表示“一場(chǎng)，一陣，一種”例：A cold wind is blowing from the north. 冷風(fēng)從北方吹來(lái)。There was a heavy rain last night. 昨晚下了一場(chǎng)大雨。A heavy snow is falling outside. 外面正下著大雪。注意：這類名詞表示一般物質(zhì)時(shí)，不用冠詞。例：Rain falls in summer; snow falls in winter. 夏天下雨，冬天下雪。Man cant live without air. 沒(méi)有空氣人不能活。7. 在一些固定搭配中 a lot of/ a little/ a few/ a pair of/ a set of 等二、定冠詞的用法定冠詞（the）是 this/these/that/those的總稱，放在名詞前，表示特定的事物或人。定冠詞the，在以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的詞前讀作， 在以元音音素開(kāi)頭的詞前讀作i。 例：the table 那張桌子 the animal 那只動(dòng)物1.第二次提到某人或某物，用定冠詞theLook! There is a ball under the table. The ball is mine.2.用于指說(shuō)話雙方都知道的事物或人。Please close the door!3.表示世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。The earth goes around the sun.4.定冠詞放在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表示“一家”。The Greens are from Australia.5.定冠詞后接單數(shù)名詞表示一類人或物。 The dog is a kind of cute animal. 提示 不定冠詞+單數(shù)名詞，不帶冠詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞也可表示一類人或物。 例：A car runs faster than a bus. 小汽車比公交車跑得快。 Cars run faster than buses. A dog is a faithful animal. 狗是忠實(shí)的動(dòng)物。 Dogs are faithful animals.6. 定冠詞和形容詞連用，也可以代表某類人或物。the poor the bad the rich the good7. 演奏某項(xiàng)樂(lè)器時(shí)，樂(lè)器前需加the。如：play the drums/play the piano/ play the violin8.用在表示方向、方位的名詞前這類詞有：the east東方，the west西方，the south南方，the north北方，the right右邊，the left左邊例：The birds are flying to the north. 這些鳥(niǎo)向北方飛去。The moon rises in the east and sets in the west. 月亮從東方升起，在西方落下。The wind was blowing from the south. 風(fēng)從南方吹來(lái)。She lived to the west of the Summer Palace. 她住在頤和園的西邊。Walk along the road and take the first turning on the right. 沿著這條路往前走，在第一個(gè)路口往右拐。He stood at the back of the door. 他站在門(mén)背后。提示方位詞成對(duì)使用構(gòu)成平行結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，不用定冠詞。例：The river is two thousand kilometers long from west to east. 這條河自西向2000公里長(zhǎng)。They traveled through the country from south to north. 他們自南向北在這個(gè)國(guó)家旅行。9.在一些固定搭配中。如：in the morning in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上 all the year round 一年到頭三. 名詞前不用冠詞的情況1 專有名詞前不用冠詞專有名詞前不用定冠詞，包括人名、地名、月份、周日、節(jié)日等。例：月份January 一月May 五月October 十月周日Monday 星期一Friday 星期五Sunday 星期天季節(jié)spring 春天summer 夏天autumn 秋天winter 冬天節(jié)日Christmas Day 圣誕節(jié)New Years Day 元旦New Years Eve 除夕National Day 國(guó)慶節(jié)Teachers Day 教師節(jié)人名Mary 瑪麗Jones 瓊斯Mr. Brown 布朗先生Porfessor Smith 史密斯教授地名Asia 亞洲China 中國(guó)Britain 英國(guó)Beijing 北京New York 紐約Shanghai Road 上海路Tian An Men Square 天安門(mén)廣場(chǎng)Spring is coming. 春天就要到了。These birds fly to the south in winter. 這些鳥(niǎo)冬天飛往南方。She came on Friday. 她星期五來(lái)的。提示a 如果月份、季節(jié)名詞帶有修飾語(yǔ)，表示特定的時(shí)間，要加定冠詞。季節(jié)名詞在上下文中表示特定的一段時(shí)間，要加定冠詞。例：They built the bridge in the spring of 2003. 他們是在2003年的春天修建這座橋的。The fire broke out on the Friday when they were not at home. 失火是在星期五，當(dāng)時(shí)他們不在家。These animals eat nothing all through the winter. 這些動(dòng)物整個(gè)冬天都不吃東西。b 但要說(shuō)the Spring Festival（春節(jié)），以festival組成的節(jié)日名稱前要加the.例：the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋節(jié)the Dragon-boat Festival 端午節(jié)2 物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，不用冠詞例：Water boils at 100. 水在攝氏100度沸騰。Rice is grown in the south. 南方種水稻。They are short of food. 他們?nèi)鄙偈澄?。提示a 如果物質(zhì)名詞表示特指或有定語(yǔ)修飾，則要加定冠詞。比：Snow is falling hard. 雪正下得很大。The snow in the field has melted. 田里的雪已經(jīng)融化了。She likes milk very much. 她非常喜歡喝牛奶。The milk in the bottle has gone sour. 瓶里的牛奶酸了。b 物質(zhì)名詞用于表示“一客、一杯、一份、一種、一陣”時(shí)，要用不定冠詞。例：Id like an ice cream. 我要一客冰淇淋。A tea and two coffees, please. 請(qǐng)來(lái)一杯茶、兩杯咖啡。There was a heavy rain this morning. 今天早上下了一場(chǎng)大雨。3 抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，不用冠詞例： Does he like music? 他喜歡音樂(lè)嗎？Knowledge is power. 知識(shí)就是力量。Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。提示a 抽象名詞有定語(yǔ)修飾，表示特指時(shí)，要加定冠詞。例：I like the music of the TV play. 我喜歡這部電視劇中的音樂(lè)。b 抽象名詞表示“一種，一類，一次，一番，一例”等概念時(shí)，要加不定冠詞。例：Maths is a science. 數(shù)學(xué)是一門(mén)科學(xué)。He lives a happy life. 他過(guò)得幸福的生活。She has a good knowledge of English. 她精通英語(yǔ)。Lets go for a swim. 我們?nèi)ビ斡景?。He had a wash first. 他先洗了洗。4 表示一日三餐的名詞前不用冠詞例：I usually have breakfast at seven. 我通常在七點(diǎn)鐘吃早飯。He doesnt have lunch at home. 他通常不在家吃午飯。Dinner is ready. 飯準(zhǔn)備好了。提示a 三餐名詞前有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，特指某一餐，要用不定冠詞。例：We had a wonderful lunch. 我們吃了一頓很豐盛的午餐。They had a nice dinner last night. 他們昨晚吃了一頓豐盛的飯。b 表示某一次具體的餐食，要用定冠詞。例：The lunch was cooked well. 那頓午飯做得很好。Did you enjoy the dinner at his house? 他家的飯你喜歡嗎？c meal 常同不定冠詞連用，泛指一頓飯。例：She cooks a hot meal in the evening. 晚上她總會(huì)燒一頓熱飯。He had a big meal at his uncles. 他在叔叔家大吃了一頓。5 表示體育運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋牌的名詞前不用冠詞例：He plays football after school. 他放學(xué)后踢足球。The students are playing basketball over there. 學(xué)生們?cè)谀沁叴蚧@球。He is good at playing chess. 他象棋下得好。They play cards on Sundays. 他們常有星期天打牌。6 表示學(xué)科、語(yǔ)言的名詞前不用冠詞例：She teaches English in a middle school. 她在一所中學(xué)教英語(yǔ)。Chemistry is not easy to learn. 化學(xué)不容易學(xué)。Can you speak Japanese? 你會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)嗎？We have Chinese and mathematics in the morning. 我們上午學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)文和數(shù)學(xué)。7 表示稱呼語(yǔ)、職位、頭銜的名詞前不用冠詞例：Where are my shoes, mom? 我的鞋在哪里，媽媽？Tom, go and fetch some water. 湯姆，去弄點(diǎn)水來(lái)。Now children, listen to me carefully. 孩子們，請(qǐng)認(rèn)真聽(tīng)我講。Mr. Xu teaches us maths. 徐老師教我們數(shù)學(xué)。President Li will come to our class. 李校長(zhǎng)將來(lái)我們班。He was once mayor of the city. 他曾經(jīng)是這個(gè)市的市長(zhǎng)。They made him monitor. 他們讓他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。John was captain of the team. 約翰是隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。8.某些個(gè)體名詞，如：school, church, hospital, bed, prison, table等，表示抽象意義或相關(guān)的活動(dòng)時(shí)，不加冠詞；而如果表示具體地點(diǎn)，則要加定冠詞。例：The children go to school at seven every morning. 孩子們每天早晨7點(diǎn)鐘上學(xué)。Father went to the school to see Mr. Chen. 父親去學(xué)?？赐惱蠋?。I go to bed at about eleven. 我大約11點(diǎn)鐘睡覺(jué)。He sat on the bed and watched TV. 他坐在床上看電視。They are in church now. 他們正在做禮拜。I passed the church on my way home. 我回家的路上經(jīng)過(guò)那個(gè)教堂。He was sent to prison for stealing. 他因偷竊而坐牢。At the end of road you can see the prison. 在路的盡頭，你能看見(jiàn)那所監(jiān)獄。The Wangs are at table. 王家一家人在吃飯。Is this the table you bought yesterday? 這就是你昨天買(mǎi)的那張桌子嗎？I went to town to do some shopping yesterday. 我昨天進(jìn)城購(gòu)物。He was born in the town fifteen years ago. 他15年前出生在那座小城里。He is seriously ill and must be sent to hospital at once. 他病得很重，必須馬上送醫(yī)院。He is going to the hospital to buy some medicine. 他打算去醫(yī)院買(mǎi)些藥。go to college 上大學(xué)go to the college 去那所大學(xué)（辦事）go to (the) market to buy food 上市場(chǎng)買(mǎi)菜on the market 出售提示a. 在cinema, theatre 前常要用定冠詞。例：She went to the cinema (/movies) once a week. 她每周看一次電影。They went to the theatre last night. 他們昨晚去看戲了。He prefers the cinema to the theatre. 他喜歡看電影，不喜歡看戲。b. in front of 表示“在前面”，相當(dāng)于before, 而in the front of 則表示“在某物內(nèi)部的前部”。例：The driver saw a boy standing in front of the bus. 司機(jī)看見(jiàn)一個(gè)男孩站在公共汽車的前面。The drive sat in the front of the bus. 司機(jī)坐在公共汽車的前部。9.表示一類人或物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞例：Birds are our friends. 鳥(niǎo)是我們的朋友。We are fond of sports. 我們喜愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)。Teachers should be kind to their students. 教師應(yīng)該對(duì)學(xué)生友善。Boys are usually stronger than girls. 男孩子通常比女孩子力氣大。提示表示某一類人或物時(shí)，可用下面三種方法：狗是忠實(shí)的動(dòng)物。The dog is a faithful animal. （用定冠詞）A dog is a faithful animal. （用不定冠詞）Dogs are faithful animals. （用復(fù)數(shù)形式，不加定冠詞）10.名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞或名詞所有格時(shí)，不可再加冠詞。例：這是我的書(shū)。This is a my book. （誤）This is my book. （正）湯姆的母親是一位醫(yī)生。The Toms mother is a doctor. （誤）Toms mother is a doctor. （正）Which bus did you take? 你乘哪路公交車？11. 家庭成員mother, father, uncle, aunt 等家庭成員名稱前不用冠詞.例： Mother is watering the flowers. 媽媽在澆花。Father has gone fishing. 父親釣魚(yú)去了。Uncle bought a toy for me. 舅舅給我買(mǎi)了一個(gè)玩具。Nurse is kissing Baby. 阿姨在親吻寶寶。零冠詞的用法 She is a singer and dancer. 她是歌唱家，同時(shí)也是舞蹈家。They are a singer and a dancer. 他們是一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。The teacher and writer has come.那位教師兼作家已經(jīng)來(lái)了。The teacher and the writer have come. 那位教師和那位作家已經(jīng)來(lái)了。It is an English and Chinese dictionary. 這是一本英漢詞典。They are an English and a Chinese dictionary. 它們是一本英語(yǔ)詞典和一本漢語(yǔ)詞典。7. 在固定搭配中，名詞前不需要用冠詞。如： go to school go to bed sit at table stay in bed練習(xí)題一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1. He often has _ egg and some milk for breakfast. A. / B. aC. the D. an2. -Whats the trouble with Lingling? -She doesnt go to_ school and stay in _bed now.A. a; / B. the; theC. /; /D. /; a3. -Do you have _ dictionary?-No， but Lucy has _ new dictionary on the bookshelf.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; aD. a; a4. _ earth is round.A. A B. An C. The D. /5. There is _ “L” in the word “LUCK”.A. a B. the C. an D. /6. I hope you have _ happy day today.A. a B. an C. the D. /7. _ Whites are having dinner together.A. A B. The C. An D. /8. There is _ orange and some pineapples in the ba