大學英語4輔導資料九.doc

大連理工大學網絡教育學院大學英語4輔導資料九主 題：對Unit 6的語法點分詞的講解（2）學習時間：2014年5月26日6月1日內 容：分詞的用法（本課難點）1. 作定語作定語的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前。如果被修飾的詞是something, anything, everything, nothing等，則分詞放在這些詞之后。分詞短語通常放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如：This is an interesting book. ( = This is a book. It is interesting.) 這是一本有趣的書。There is something interesting in the news. ( = There is something in the news. It is interesting.) 消息中有些有趣的事。The man sitting by the window is our maths teacher. ( = The man who is sitting by the window is our maths teacher.) 靠窗戶坐著的那個人是我們的數學老師。The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai. ( = The machine that is run by the old worker is made in Shanghai.) 那位老工人開的機器是上海造的。Most of the students singing were girls. ( = Most of the students who were singing were girls.) 唱歌的學生多數是女生。Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer. ( = Many of the villagers who were questioned refused to answer.) 被問的許多村里人都拒絕回答。注意：分詞作定語與動名詞作定語的區(qū)別： 分詞和它所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主、謂關系。動名詞則沒有這種關系，而表示它所修飾的詞的用途或有關動作。試比較：現在分詞動名詞A sleeping child (a child who is sleeping) 正在睡覺的孩子A sleeping car (a car for sleeping) 臥車A flying bird (a bird that is flying) 飛鳥A flying course (a course for flying) 飛行課程A swimming girl (a girl who is swimming) 游泳的女孩A swimming pool (a pool for swimming) 游泳池The running water (the water that is running) 流水The running track (the track for running) 跑道現在分詞作定語時，它表示動作正在進行或與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生（或差不多同時發(fā)生）。例如：Who is the boy dancing over there? 在那兒跳舞的少年是誰呀？The girls swimming in the sea were in danger. 在海里游泳的姑娘們有危險。如果兩個動作在時間上有先后，一般不能用現在分詞作定語，而往往用主從復合句結構。例如：The man who has gone to Shanghai will be back again. 到上海去的那個人會回來的。The teacher wants to talk to the students who smashed the windows. 老師要找打破了窗子的那個學生談話。be的現在分詞being 不能用作定語（可用作狀語或被動語態(tài)中的助動詞）表示這種概念時，也用主從復合句結構。例如：He has a brother who is a worker. 他有一個當工人的兄弟。2. 作狀語分詞和分詞短語作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、行為方式等意義。表示時間和原因的分詞短語相當于對應的狀語從句。例如：Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up. ( = When the students saw the teacher entering the room, they stood up.) 學生們看見老師走進房間，都站了起來。（時間）Heated, the metal expands. ( = The metal expands if/when it is heated.) 金屬受熱而膨脹。（條件、時間）Being excited, I couldnt go to sleep. ( = As I was excited, I couldnt go to sleep.) 我興奮得睡不著覺。（原因）Being a student, he was interested in sports. ( = As he was a student, he was interested in sports.) 他是個學生，所以對體育運動感興趣。（原因）Inspired by Dr. Yangs speech, Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder. ( = As they were inspired by Dr. Yangs speech, Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder.) 李華和他的同學們受到楊博士講話的鼓舞，決定更加努力學習物理。（原因）The children went away laughing. ( = The children went away. They laughed as they went.) 孩子們笑著走開了。（行為方式）The professor stood there, surrounded by many students. ( = The professor stood there. He was surrounded by many students.) 教授站在那里，許多學生圍著他。（行為方式）While reading the newspaper, father nodded from time to time. ( = While he was reading the newspaper, father nodded from time to time.) 看報時，父親不時地點頭。（時間）（分詞前，可加表示時間的連詞while 或 when.） 3. 作賓語補足語例如：Can you get the machine going again? 你能使機器再動起來嗎？ You should have your hair cut. 你改理發(fā)了。I saw him coming last night. 我昨天晚上看見他來了。4. 作表語例如： The film is very moving. 這部影片很感人。 Your homework is well done. 你的作業(yè)做得好。 The visitors looked surprised. 參觀者看上去很驚訝。 The boys were seen walking on the grass. 有人看見孩子們在草地上散步。統(tǒng)考例題講解（重點掌握）1. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 解析：現在分詞短語作狀語，表示make與play同時發(fā)生，故選A。2. I dont like to disturb you, because youre quite tired _ working hard today. A. of B. with C. out D. on 解析：be tired of 的意思是：對感到厭倦，不符合題意。C和D的意思也不正確。只有B，在這里表示原因，即因為而感到疲憊。3. I showed an old friend of mine around the city, _ surprise, the changes had been so great. A. whose B. which C. to whose D. to which 解析：本題考查定語從句。to ones surprise是固定短語，意為“使某人驚訝的是”。先行詞an old friend定語從句中作surprise的定語。故選C。4. _, we decided to leave at once, as we didnt want to risk missing the bus. A. As it being pretty late B. It being pretty late C. It was being pretty late D. Being pretty late解析：非謂語動詞的用法，本句為現在分詞短語做原因狀語，分詞的主語和句子的主語一致。故選D。5. _by the look on her face, she didnt catch what I meant. A. Judging B. Judged C. Judge D. To judge解析：該題考查的是judging by (from)這個習慣用語，這個短語的意思是“根據.來判斷”。這句話的譯文：從她臉上的表情判斷，她沒有聽懂我的意思。故選A。練習題（重點掌握）單選1. John speaks German as if he _ a German.A. is B. was C. has been D. were2. He was _ disappointed although he had failed three times.A. too much B. not a bit C. not a little D. much too3. He gave the order that nothing _ until the police arrived.A. touched B. didnt touchC. be touched D. shouldnt touch4. Fred wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to5. So heavily _ that we could not finish the work. A. it rained B. was it rained C. it was raining D. did it rain答案：1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D英譯漢1. Wanglis father has taught English here since he graduated from Peking University.2. Please give this book to wh