初三年級(下)中考復(fù)習(xí).doc

初三年級（下）【知識梳理】 I. 重點短語1. beg ones pardon 2. multiply by 3. slow down4. wear out 5. try on 6. make a decision, 7. a place of interest 8. make a mistake 9. drop off 10. think about 11. make up ones mind, 12. at all, 13. at least 14. by the time 15. carry on 16. never mind 17. from now on 18. come down 19. hands up 20. before long 21. no one22. notany longerII. 重要句型1. be busy doing sth. 2. prefer to do sth. 3. regard. as.4. be pleased with sth./sb. 5. be angry with sb.III. 交際用語1. -How much does cost ?2. -It can cost as little as yuan and as much as yuan.3. -It costs . 4. -Its worth . 5. -I dont agree with .6. -I wasnt sure whether. 7. -I wonder if . 8. -What size ? 9. -Have you got any other colour / size / kind? 10. -Have you got anything cheaper? 11. -How much are they?12. -How much does it cost? 13. -How much is it? 14. -Thats a bit expensive. 15. -Even though theyre a little expensive, Ill take them. 16. -Ill think about . 17. -I dont think Ill take .18. -I like . 19. -I dont really like .20. -Can I help you, girl? 21. -Would you like me to look in the back?22. -We can find . 23. -Do you like being ?24. -Can I ask you some questions? 25. -Sure. 26. -It was great. 27. -Wow! 28. -Yeah!29. -Oh dear! 30. -Hands up! 31. -Ill shoot anyone who moves. 32. -Theres no need to thank me. 33. -Can you remember anything else about him? 34. -Come down, Polly! 35. -There is a little traffic accident36. -Theres a big traffic jam.37. -Well, Im sure hell be here before long.38. -Im beginning to get angry with him!39.-Yes, we cant wait any longer. Lets go without him.真的不掉線嗎？、？40. -Thats terrible! 41. -Thats a really bad excuse!IV. 重要語法1. 過去將來時 2. 過去完成時 3. 動詞不定式 4. 定語從句【名師講解】1. think/ think/about/ think of(1) think 單獨使用時表示思考， 接that 賓語從句時意為認(rèn)為，覺得。 I am thinking how to work out the problem. I think she is a good student. 當(dāng)賓語從句含有否定概念時，通常形式上否定think ，但意義上卻是否定賓語從句。I dont think he can come.I dont think it will be windy.(2)think about 可接一個名詞，動詞-ing 形式或由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的不定式或賓語從句，意思是考慮。 I have thought about it for a long time. Please think about how to tell her the bad news. (3)think of 表示認(rèn)為， 一般用于疑問句中，與what 連用。 What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like the TV play?2. big/ large/ great上述形容詞都表示大，但側(cè)重點及程度不同。 (1) big指具體事物的大小，強(qiáng)調(diào)比正常形體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大，既可用在普通場合， 也可用在正式場合。它可用來指人的身材高大或長大了，還可表示偉大，重要之意。如： Can you lift up this big stone?On the last day I made a big decision.(2) large特別強(qiáng)調(diào)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的大，指體積、面積、容積、數(shù)量之大。如：A whale is a large animal.A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.(3) great除了表示數(shù)量體積之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味著偉大性，重要性， 優(yōu)越性；常用于抽象或無形的東西；用于有形的東西時，常帶有偉大，大得令人吃驚等意思，含有一定的感情色彩。如：China is a great country with a long history. He was one of the greatest scientists.3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay (1) cost表示花錢，花費，付出（只能用于錢、精力、生命等；主語必須是物。） The book cost me five yuan. (2) take的主語是動詞不定式, 通常用it做形式主語。真的不掉線嗎？、？It took me five yuan to buy the book. (3) spend，在主動語句中主語是人I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book. (4) pay的主語是人。I paid five yuan for the book. 4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low 這四個詞在談?wù)摰絻r格的高低時，要注意使用。expensive與high涉及到價格高，而cheap 與low涉及到價格低。 (1) expensive昂貴的，花錢多的。這個單詞若談到價格高，貨貴時，其主語不能是價格，必須是貨物、物品本身。如： This watch is expensive. 這只表很貴。 These glass-products are not expensive. 這些玻璃制品不是很值錢。注意：cheap表示價廉，便宜的，其主語也不能是價格，必須是物品本身。如：The cheap table was bought from him. 這張便宜的桌子是他賣給我們的。This cloth doll is very cheap. 這只布娃娃很便宜。(2)high在表示價格時，含義是高，low在表示價格時，含義是低，這兩個詞不能用于物品本身，只能用在價格上。如：The price of this watch is very high. 這只表的價格太高了。The price of this book is not low for me. 這本書的價格對我來說是不低。下面我們試看幾個句子的正誤對照：The price of this computer is expensive.(宜改為：This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.(宜改為：This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )5. alone/ lonely lonely 與alone的意思比較接近，但在使用時有所區(qū)別：(1)lonely用作形容詞，意思是孤單的；寂寞的?？芍感撵`上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地點。在句中既可作表語，也可作定語。(2)alone 可作形容詞和副詞，意思是單獨；獨自，不指心理上寂寞的感覺。She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.她被帶到一個荒島上，自己居住，但她從不感到寂寞。6. before long/ long before(1)before long 作“不久以后”講，切不要按字面譯為“長時間以前”或“好久以前”。如：真的不掉線嗎？、？We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我們希望不久（以后）就把實驗做完。(2)long before 作很久以前講。原意為以前很久，故也可譯為老早。long before 跟before long 不同，前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個從句；當(dāng)上下文明確時，名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法。 They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before. 我們昨天開始做實驗，但我們在那以前很久就已經(jīng)做準(zhǔn)備了。7. as/ when/ while(1)as 是連詞，意思是當(dāng)?shù)臅r候，一面一面，（強(qiáng)調(diào)同時，一般連續(xù)時間不長），如：As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in. 正當(dāng)我們談?wù)撎┨鼓峥颂栠@部電影時，教師進(jìn)來了。The students sing as they go along. 學(xué)生們邊走邊唱。(2)When和as一樣都是連詞，注意它們的不同。如when當(dāng)?shù)臅r候（一般表示動作緊接著發(fā)生）；那時（等立連詞，前有逗號分開）I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽下山，那時天開始下雨了。(3)while是當(dāng)時候；和同時（強(qiáng)調(diào)同時發(fā)生，一般連續(xù)時間較長）While I was watching TV, he was reading. 當(dāng)我在看電視的時候，他正在看書。While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。 8. beat/win/ hit (1)beat 是動詞，意思是連續(xù)地打; 打敗; 敲打。beat后可接人或隊名。意思是擊敗對手。如： I can beat you at swimming. (2)win意思是贏得某個項目，后面常接match, game。如：He won a game. 他勝一局。We won a match. 我們比賽得勝。(3)hit意思是擊中（有時可表示打一下）。如：The mother hit her child out of anger. 媽媽生氣，打了她孩子一下。9. keep doing/keep on doing(1)keep doing側(cè)重表示持續(xù)不停地做某事或持續(xù)某種狀態(tài)。如： The girl kept crying all the time. 那個女孩一直在哭。 The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 這個嬰兒連續(xù)睡了大約四個小時。(2)keep on doing 表示總不斷做某事，不表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)。不能與sitting, sleeping, lying, standing這類真的不掉線嗎？、？詞連用。如：It kept on raining for seven days. Dont keep on asking such silly questions. 10. get/ turn/ become這三個詞都可作系動詞用，表示狀態(tài)的變化，后跟表語，但三個詞的用法稍有不同。get強(qiáng)調(diào)情感、氣候和環(huán)境的變化；turn強(qiáng)調(diào)色彩的變化；而become則強(qiáng)調(diào)職務(wù)、職稱等的變化。如： The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter冬天的白天越來越短。She couldnt answer the question and her face turned red她回答不出問題，臉紅了。When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么時候當(dāng)?shù)睦蠋?？十年前?1. steal / rob從意思上講steal表示偷竊的意思。而rob表示搶劫的意思；從搭配上來講，steal sth from sb/sth ;而rob則用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如：He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.They robbed the bank of one million dollars.12. see/look/watch/notice在英語中，see，look，watch，notice都有“看”的意思，要注意他們的區(qū)別。see意為“看到”，表示視覺器官有意識或無意識地看到物體，強(qiáng)調(diào)“看到”的結(jié)果。look意為“看”，表示有意識地觀看，強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的動作。watch意為“觀看，注視”，指以較大的注意力觀看。notice意為“看到，注意到”，指有意識的注意，含有從不注意到注意的變化的意義。例如：What can you see in the picture？在圖畫中你能看到什么？Look! How happily they are playing！看！他們玩得多高興啊！Hes watched TV for over two hours他看了兩個多小時的電視。He noticed a purse lying on the road他注意到地上有個錢包。13. Shoot/ shoot atshoot是及物動詞，意思是“射中，射死”，賓語多為人或動物等。而shoot at是一個動詞詞組，意為“向射擊”，至于射中或射死與否不得而知。如：The man shot five birds in the forest那個人在森林里射死（中）了五只鳥。The hunter shot at the bear獵人朝熊射擊了。They shot at the shewolf， but didnt shoot her他們向那只母狼射擊，但是沒有射中死。14. escape/ run away(1)escape作“逃跑”、“逃脫”或“逃避”講時，往往會有成功之意。如：真的不掉線嗎？、？The old man escaped death那個老人死里逃生。The thief escaped from prison那個小偷越獄了。 (2)run away作“逃跑”、“跑走”講時，往往強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。如：Dont let him run away 別讓他跑了。口語中escape和run away可以互用。15. so that./ so. that.(1) so that.為了，以便 。引導(dǎo)一個目的狀語從句，從句中往往有情態(tài)動詞。也可引導(dǎo)一個結(jié)果狀語從句。如：I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say. He didnt study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.(2) so. that.既可引導(dǎo)一個結(jié)果狀語從句，也可引導(dǎo)一個目的狀語從句。如：The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study.I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.【考點掃描】中考考點在本單元主要集中在：1. 過去將來時； 2. 過去完成時； 3. 動詞不定式；4. 定語從句； 5. 本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語和句型；6. 本單元學(xué)過的交際用語?？荚囆问娇梢允菃雾椞羁?、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子?！局锌挤独?. (2004年濟(jì)寧市中考試題) He wanted to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would startA. what hes going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。因為主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，所以從句應(yīng)用過去將來時，這就排除了A和B。賓語從句的時態(tài)應(yīng)該是陳述句的語序，所以只有B是對的。2. (2004年煙臺市中考試題) -Why didnt you go to the movie yesterday? -Because I _ it before.A. had watched B. have seen C. have watched D. had seen【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是動詞的搭配以及現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時的用法區(qū)別?？措娪傲?xí)慣商用see a movie, 又因為說的昨天以前發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)該用過去完成時。只有D正確。3. (2004年重慶市中考試題) -Did you win the football game? -Bad luck. Our team _ in the final one.A. won B. beat C. was won D. was beaten真的不掉線嗎？、？【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是動詞搭配和動詞的語態(tài)。動詞win通常和比賽一類的詞連用，不與人或隊連用，因此可以排除A和C。beat是個及物動詞，既然我們的運氣不好，就是輸了，應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)。4. (2004年廣州市中考試題) -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A. he B. that C. whom D. which【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系代詞的選擇。由于先行詞是人，可以排除A和D。而該詞在定語從句中作主語，只有B合適?！緷M分演練】一. 單項選擇1. Though he is _ seventy years old, he takes exercise every day. A.past B.above C.on D.over 2. The sun rises _ and goes down _. A.in the east, in the west B.in the west, in the east C.to the east, to the west D.from the east, from the west 3. Which would you like, Madam, tea or coffee? _, thanks. Id like a glass of water, please. A.Either B.Both C.Neither D.OK 4. One of the boys is _, all the other boys are _. A.English , China B.an English, Chinese C.England , China D.English, Chinese 5. -How soon will you finish the building? - _. A.In two months B.Two months C.About two months D.After two months 6. They did _ their father told them. A.like B.as C.about D.with 7. The fish smells _. You mustnt eat it. A.nicely B.heavily C.terrible D.terribly 8. Either you or he _ the team. A.is in B.are on C.is on D.are in 9. He was made _ thirteen hours a day by his boss. A.to work B.work C.is on D.are in 10. _ you work, _ you will do. A.Harder, better B.The harder, the worse C.Hardest, best D.The harder, the better 11. Mrs Hu asked Liu Fang and _ to take part in the English meeting. A.I B.my C.me D.mine 12. Tell the students _ their English books. A.to take B.to carry C.to bring D.bring 13. It _ us two hours walk to get to our school. 真的不掉線嗎？、？A.take B.takes C.spend D.paid 14. My little sister is so tired, she can hardly walk, _? A.does she B.can she C.doesnt she D.cant she 15. _ Yellow River is the second longest river is our country. A./ B.The C.An D.A 16. -Do you want to _ at the meeting. -No, I have nothing to _. A.say, speak B.tell, talk C.say, say D.speak, say 17.-You need something to drink, dont you? - _. A.Not at all B.I neednt C.No, please D.Yes, please 18. She asked me _ he could dance or sing. A.if B.what C.whether D.that 19. -Arent you Marys sister? -_ Im her aunt. A.Yes, I am B.No, Im not C.Yes, Im not D.No, I am 20. _, no man has travelled farther than the moon. A.To now B.To far C.So far D.Till now 二. 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Class 3 won the football match and our class _ by them. (beat) 2. By last Friday the students _ (learn)all their new lessons. 3. He will be a worker after he _ (finish) middle school. 4. I felt like _ (have) a rest after lunch. 5. Is there another way of _ (answer) the question? 6. Ill tell him the news that our class _ (win). 7. Jim made us _ (agree) with him. 8. The teacher _ (give) us a lesson when Tom walked into the room. 9. Someone saw him _ (fall) off the horse just now. 10. Look! A group of policemen _ (run) into that room. 三. 改寫句子 1. None of the doctors knows about the matter. _ _ know about the matter. 2. Tom is taller than John. Jonh is not _ _ _ Tom. 3. The jacket cost so little that he bought it. The jacket _ _ _ for him to buy. 4. Jim had a good journey home. Jim _ _ very much _ _ _ home. 5. I didnt finish my work in time because my pen was broken. The _ pen stopped _ _ finishing my work in time. 四. 完形填空Hundreds of years ago, life was 1 than 2 today. People didnt have modern machines. 真的不掉線嗎？、？There 3 modern medicine, 4 . Life today 5 new problems. One of the biggest is pollution (污染). Water pollution has 6 our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and affects (影響) our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us 7 louder and 8 . Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It affects 9 living thing in the world. Cars, planes and factories all pollute (污染) our air every day. Sometimes the pollution is so 10 that it is like a quilt (被狀物)over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog. (煙霧) 1. A.more hard B.more harder C.much harder D.much more harder 2. A.they are B.they were C.it was D.it is 3. A.were not B.was no C.were D.was 4. A.either B.too C.also D.neither 5. A.bring B.have C.have got D.has brought 6. A.made B.let C.taken D.changed 7. A.say B.talk C.tell D.spoke 8. A.feel happy more happily B.get angry much more easier C.get angry much easier D.feel and more slowly 9. A.most B.all C.one D.every 10. A.thin B.thick C.hard D.light 五. 閱讀理解（A） Since the beginning of time, man has invented many interesting things. Some of these inventions, like numbers and the radio have certainly changed history. Since 1946, one of the most important inventions has been the computer. It will change all our lives. The first computer was built at Harvard University（哈佛大學(xué)） in 1944. it was as large as a room and quite difficult and slow to operate（運行）. But since the invention of the silicon chip（硅片）, computer have become smaller, easier to use, and faster to operate. Some computers are as small as television sets. Some computers can be made smaller than a book. And computers are getting smaller all the time. There are several reasons（原因） why computer is useful to us. First it can store（儲藏） very, very large amount（數(shù)量） of information（信息）. Second, the computer can operate very quickly. Third, modern computer can be built into other kinds of machines, like radios, cars, and planes. They can do a lot of work for us. Soon, almost everyone, either at home or at work, will use some kind of computer. The lives of all of us will be changed by this invention.判斷下列句子是否符合短文內(nèi)容。符合的用“A”表示；不符合的用“B”表示.1. According to（根據(jù)）this passage, many inventions have changed history and peoples life.2. The first computer was built in the middle of the 19th century（世紀(jì)）.3. A modern computer can be made smaller than silicon chip.真的不掉線嗎？、？4. The computer has been made much better since the invention of the silicon chip.5. The computer is useful because it can store lots of information, it can operate very quickly and can be built into other machines.(B)Joe Biggs was a butcher (屠夫). His shop was in a village in one of the most beautiful parts of southern England . He worked in it for many years while his father was there. Then, when his father reached the age of 65, he stopped working in the shop. Joe was alone in it, so he had to work harder. Joe worked five and a half day a week. His shop shut at one oclock on Thursday, and it was shut the whole of Sunday. Saturdays were the busiest days. Joe had a big refrigerator (冰箱)in his shop, but he tried not to buy too much meat at a time. One Thursday a woman came into the shop at five minutes to one. “Im sorry Im very late,” she said, “but some people have just telephoned to say that they are going to come to dinner tonight, and I need some more meat.” Joe only had one piece of good meat in the shop. He had sold all the rest earlier in the day. He took the piece out and said to the woman. “This is 7.15.” “That piece is too small,” the woman answered. “Havent you got anything bigger?” Joe went into the room behind his shop, opened the refrigerator, put the piece of meat into it, took it out again and shut the door of the refrigerator with a lot of noise. Then he brought the piece of meat back to the woman and said, “This piece is bigger and more expensive. Its 9.30.” “Good,” the woman answered with a smile. “give me both of them, please.” 6. Joe worked alone in the shop _. A.on Saturdays B.on Thursdays C.afer his father died D.after his father stopped working 7. Joe sold meat in his shop _. A.on Thursday afternoons B.on Sundays C.on Fridays D.every day 8. One day a woman came to his shop _. A.at 1:55, Tuesday B.at 1:05 C.to say sorry