賓語從句基本用法及練習(xí)題.docx

基本用法賓語從句在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語+賓語（陳述句語序）、從屬連詞。連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether，和特殊疑問詞（what， how， where， when等)。that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句，if和whether，whether.or not引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的一般疑問句的賓語從句。He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year.他告訴我他明年上大學(xué)。I dont know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會有公交車。Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒有人知道他是否會通過考試。Teachers were asking me whether I had gone there or not at that time.那時老師們在問我是否曾去過那里。賓語從句的基本用法名詞性從句在復(fù)合句中作謂語動詞、 非謂語動詞、 介詞的賓語時被稱為賓語從句。高考中常見的賓語從句包括以下幾種情況：1. that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that經(jīng)常可以被省略)， 例如：His mother said (that) Saul Grant was a music critic. 他母親說索爾格蘭特是個音樂評論家。把握that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句要注意以下特殊情況：(1) 賓語從句(通常是由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)常置于句末并用it作形式賓語。例如： We think it important that Mary should tell the truth. 我們認(rèn)為瑪麗說出實情很重要。/ I have made it clear that well sign the contract with your company. 我已講得很清楚： 我方將與貴公司簽訂這個合約。(2) that 從句作介詞賓語只用于except that和in that結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： His report is correct except that some details are omitted. 除了有些細(xì)節(jié)未提到之外， 他的報道是正確的。/ Criticism and selfcriticism is necessary in that it helps us to correct our mistakes. 批評和自我批評是必要的， 因為它能幫助我們改正錯誤。(3) allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等及物動詞后可以接不定式或動名詞作賓語， 但不可以接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例如：I admire their winning the match. ()I admire that they won the match. (?菖)2. 與疑問詞形式相同的連詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句， 這包括：(1) 動詞(間接賓語)與疑問詞形式相同的連詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。常用于這種句型的動詞有see, know, wonder, show, ask, tell, decide, find out, imagine等。例如： Tell me how you went to school. 告訴我你怎么去上學(xué)的。/ John wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday. 約翰不知道為什么警察局要他去， 但昨天他還是去了。(2) 介詞與疑問詞形式相同的連詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例如： I am not interested in what he is doing. 我對他做的事不感興趣。/ He will write a book on how Chinese people learn English. 他將寫一本中國人如何學(xué)英語的書。(3) be形容詞與疑問詞形式相同的連詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的“be形容詞”可以被視為發(fā)揮著及物動詞的作用， 其后的從句具有賓語從句的性質(zhì))， 例如： Are you certain that youll get there in time? 你有把握及時趕到那里嗎？/ He was disappointed that he failed to get the master degree. 他很失望沒有獲得碩士學(xué)位。3. whether與if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時一般可以互換， 例如： The boss asked me whether/if she was qualified for the task. 老板問我她是否勝任這項任務(wù)。關(guān)聯(lián)詞折疊關(guān)聯(lián)代詞關(guān)聯(lián)代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。關(guān)聯(lián)代詞一般指疑問但what,whatever除了指疑問外也可以指陳述。Do you know who has won Red Alert game你知道是誰贏得了紅色警戒的游戲嗎The book will show you what the best CEO should know.這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么。Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cellphone你決定好是買諾基亞還是買摩托羅拉的電話嗎折疊關(guān)聯(lián)副詞連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面。Could you please tell me how you use the new panel你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.沒有人知道這些新的零件能在哪里買到。二、動詞的賓語從句大多數(shù)及物動詞都可以帶賓語從句We all expect they will win,for members of their team are stronger.我們都預(yù)料他們會贏因為他們的隊員更強壯。He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告訴我們在整個工作中他們都會幫忙的。部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了。Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip你能計算出這次旅行我們將花費多少錢嗎動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有make sure 確保make up ones mind 下決心keep in mind 牢記Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.當(dāng)你在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤?？蛇\用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有賓語補足語的時候則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我認(rèn)為我們每天多喝開水是有必要的。I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.我沒去聚會感覺非常遺憾。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣。We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.我們都認(rèn)為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要。有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it雙賓語這類動詞主要有hate,take,owe,have,see to.award,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tellI hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話。He will have it that our plan is really practical.他會認(rèn)為我們的計劃確實可行。We take it that you will agree with us.我們認(rèn)為你會同意我們的。When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.開啟發(fā)動機時一定要使汽車的離合器處于空檔位置。若賓語從句是wh-類則不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的。We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有價值的。Can you tell me if there any shop here?你能告訴我這里有商店嗎三、介詞的賓語從句用whether之類的介詞賓語從句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部。The new book is about how Shenzhou six manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的。用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句有時候except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班其他一無所知。四、形容詞的賓語從句有些形容詞具有動詞的含義所以也可以帶一個賓語從句例如1. I am sorry I am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you sure his answer is right?常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有 sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會通過考試。I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長時間在打擾你。He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他。五、if與whether1)whether和if常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句這時兩者的含義區(qū)別很小一般可通用。例如I dont know whether/if they will come to help us. 我不知道他們是否來幫助我們。I am not sure whether/if Ill have time to go with you. 我很難說我們是否有時間跟你們一起去。上面兩句無區(qū)別。但是當(dāng)whether與or not連成一個詞組時whether不可換用if。例如I dont know whether or not they will come for our help. 我不知道他們是否要來求我們支援?！咀⒁狻咳魒hether和or not不連在一起在口語中可以用if取代whether當(dāng)然也可以用whether。例如I am not certain if/whether the train will arrive on time. 我沒有把握火車是否準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)。I dont care if/whether your car breaks down or not. 我不在乎您的車是否是會出故障。此外還有三種情況值得注意(1)在介詞后面只能用whether不能用if。例如This depends upon whether we are determined to do it. 這件事要看我們是否有決心去做。It depends on whether he is ready. 這件事要看他是否有準(zhǔn)備。I am not interested in whether youll come or not. 你來不來我不感興趣。We havent settled the question of whether well renew our supplies of coal for factory. 是否要為我們工廠補充一些煤這個問題我們還沒有決定。(2)在動詞不定式之前只能用whether不能用if。例如He doesnt know whether to stay or not. 他不能知道是否要留下來。She doesnt knows whether to get married now or wait. 是否現(xiàn)在結(jié)婚或是等待她不知道。(3)在及物動詞discuss后的賓語從句中只能用whether不能用if。例如We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan. 我們討論了是不是要對我們的計劃作一些修改。We were discussing whether we should discuss the business with them. 我們正在討論我們是否要和他們談這個生意。2)引導(dǎo)主語從句時只能用whether不能用if。例如It is unknown whether he will come. 他是否來還不知道。Whether the news is true remains a question. 這個消息是否真實仍然是個問題。3)引導(dǎo)表語從句時只能用whether不能用if。例如What we want to know is whether he will come to speak to us tomorrow. 我們想知道的是他明天是否來給我們講話。The question is whether they can take our advice. 問題是他們是否能接受我們的意見。4)引導(dǎo)同位語從句時常用whether。例如The question whether well build another lecture building hasnt been settled. 是否要另建一幢教學(xué)樓的問題還未決定。The question whether hell come is unknown. 他是否來的問題還不知道。5)可以用來引導(dǎo)一個否定的賓語從句whether則不能用來引導(dǎo)否定的賓語從句因為它表示正反兩方面的選擇意義比較強。例如Tell me if it is not going to rain, please. 請告訴我明天是否不會下雨。He considered if he shouldnt tell her the secret. 他考慮他是否不該告訴她這個秘密。6)if除引導(dǎo)賓語從句外還可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句作“是否”解。在容易引起混淆產(chǎn)生歧義的情況下就不可用if而須用whether。例如Please let me know if you intend to come.這個句子有兩種解釋 A“請讓我們知道你是否想來?！?B“如果你打算來請讓我們知道?！?第一種解釋是把if引導(dǎo)的從句看作賓語從句把動詞know視為及物動詞(vt)第二種解釋是把if引導(dǎo)的從句當(dāng)作條件狀語從句把動詞know看作不及物動詞(vi)。在口語中我們可以通過語調(diào)來表示兩者的區(qū)別但是在書面語中無上下文(如一張便條上寫著這句話)那就含混不清了。如果我們想表達(dá)的第一種含義就得用whether來改寫第一句。Please let me know whether you intend to come. 又如Let me know whether he has left for Shanghai. 告訴我他是否已經(jīng)去上海了。Let me know if he has left for Shanghai. 如果他去上海請告訴我一聲。此外whether還可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句作“無論、不管”解這兒就略而不談了!六、不省略引導(dǎo)詞that當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時當(dāng)賓語從句較長時當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾賓語從句之前時當(dāng)主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時當(dāng)一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時此時第一個that可以省略第二個that不可以省略當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時當(dāng)主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時在直接引語中轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時.當(dāng)that在從句中充當(dāng)主語時七、否定轉(zhuǎn)移賓語從句的反意疑問句主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he wont come to my party.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim.我相信那人不是Jim殺的。如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.通常我們稱為否定前疑。We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課是不是八、時態(tài)和語序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響.當(dāng)主句為過去時從句用一般過去時或過去進行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know which country he was in.我只知道他當(dāng)時在西方的一個國家讀書可不知道是哪個國家。He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他問我他進來的時候我是否正在讀老人與海。從句過去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會議的事情告訴了Mary。從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂。如果從句是一個客觀真理那么從句的時態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老師昨天說月亮圍著地球轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時不能按正常語序安排經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你認(rèn)為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手賓語從句是最常用的語法之一,無論任何時候都為陳述語序。練習(xí)題考題1 With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether考題2 I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _ silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which考題3 I just wonder _ that makes him so excited. A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is考題4 The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. A. where B. how C. what D. which考題5 When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants. A. what B. which C. when D. that考題6 The old ladys hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor _ this shaking had begun half a year before, and _, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job. A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why考題7 We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when考題8 We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. A. if B. where C. whether D. that一、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know .Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car?9What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know. I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know. I dont know _ he still _ in that street.12. Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me _ _ _ _.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.二、選擇填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew_.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in( )6. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave B. C. why she had left D. why had she left( )7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen( )8.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B.why he getsB. C.why does he get D. why he got( )9. The manager came up to see _A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter( )10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen( )11. No one tells us_, so we need your help.A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it( )12. Could you please teach me _ the computer.A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking( )13.They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which( )14. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea.A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years.A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another( )16. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA.A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone( )17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead.A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains( )18. I really dont know if she _ it when she _.A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives( )19.Miss Liu said _ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk.A. that B. where C. which D. what( )20. He asked me _. A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup B. when was the APEC meeting heldC. when China became a member of the WTOD. where the 2008 Olympics will be held( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A. that B. how C. what D. if( )22. You must remember _.A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher sayC. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said( )23. I don”t know _ .A. which room I can live B. which room can I live C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in( )24.Do you know when he _ back ? Sorry , I don”t . When he _back , I”ll tell you .A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come( )25 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take( )26 Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone . B. had never gone B. C. has never been D. had never been( )27 The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today.A. had B. has C. will have D. are( )28. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that( )29.I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where( )30. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how三、用合適的連接詞填空。1. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）6. They dont know _ to go or wait. (if, whether)7. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if)8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what)9. I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)10. Do you know _ you are studying for? (why, what)四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. “Do you want to try it?” Toms mother asked him.(同義句)Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try it.2. I think this is a good idea.（改為否定句） I _ _ this _ a good idea.3. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改為復(fù)合句） Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy.4. I dont know how I can get to the hospital.（改為簡單句） I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital.5. I dont suppose they will come, _ _ ? (改為反意疑問句)五、用所給動詞的正確形式填空。1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to