人教(PEP)六年級英語下冊 重點(diǎn)句型語法總結(jié).doc

PEP小學(xué)英語重點(diǎn)句型語法總結(jié)人教版PEP教材在小學(xué)階段涉及的重要語法知識主要有7種：to be句型、there be句型、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句型、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句型、一般過去時(shí)句型、情態(tài)動詞can引導(dǎo)的型、be going to句型等，簡要總結(jié)如下：一 to be句型：用于介紹個人情況如姓名、健康狀況、身份、國籍、家庭成員、朋友、職業(yè)等，描述地點(diǎn)、顏色、四季、日期、星期幾等，該句型廣泛分布于各冊教材中，其中58冊的句型主要有：1. Whos your English teacher? Mr. Carter. 2. Whats he like? Hes tall and strong.3. Is she quiet? No, she isnt. She is very active.4. Is she strict? Yes, she is, but shes very kind.5. What day is it today? Its Wednesday.6. Whats your favourite fruit/food? 7. Theyre sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/ 8. When is your birthday? Its in May.9. My birthday is in June. Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too.10. Is her birthday in June? Yes, it is. 11. Whats the date? 12.This is Zhang Peng. 13. Where is the cinema, please? Its next to the hospital.14. How tall are you？ Im 164 cm tall. 15. You are shorter than me.16.Youre 4 cm taller than me. 17.How heavy are you? Im 48 kg.18. Im thinner than you, and shorter.19. Whats the matter with you? My throat is sore.20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah? 二 there be句型：表示存在，即：“某處有某物”或“某時(shí)有某事”。句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：There is+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)。There are+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+地點(diǎn)。該句型主要分布在第5冊的Unit 5和Unit 6中，如：1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.3. Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is.4. Is there a river? No, there isnt.5. Are there any pandas in the mountains? No, there arent.6. Are there any fish in the rivers? Yes, there are.三 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句型：表示習(xí)慣性的動作或行為，或現(xiàn)在存在著的狀況。句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+行為動詞+其他。當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要在動詞原形后面加s或es，其他人稱作主語時(shí)則用動詞原形，在問句及否定句中需要用助動詞do或does。這種句型通常有一些標(biāo)志詞，如：usually often sometimes never always等。該句型主要分布在第5冊Unit2&3，第6冊Unit1&2, 第7冊Unit4,5,6, 第8冊Unit2中。如：Book5: 1. What do you have on Thursdays? We have English, math and science on Thursdays. 2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays.3. I do my homework.4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays? We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.5. I like fruit. But I dont like grapes.Book6: 1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.2. When do you get up? I usually get up at 12:00 noon.3. What do you do on the weekend? Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking.5. Which season do you like best? I like winter best. 6. Why do you like summer/winter?Book7: 1. How do you go to school, Sarah? 2. Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike.3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too.4. Does she teach math? Yes, she does.5. Does she teach English？ No, she doesnt. She teaches math.6. What does your mother do? What does your father do? 7. Where does she work? She works in a car company.8. How does she go to work? She goes to work by bus.9. Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds.10. Where does the cloud come from? It comes from the vapour.11. Where does the vapour come from? It comes from the water in the river.12. The sun shines and the water becomes vapour.13. How do you do that? Book8: 1. My nose hurts.2. How do you feel? I feel sick. How does Amy feel? 3. You look so happy. You look sad today. 四 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句型：表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作或事件，或在短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的情況。標(biāo)志詞是：now 也常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要結(jié)構(gòu)為：be動詞（am, is, are）+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞(v. ing)。該句型主要分布在第6冊Unit4, 5, 6中。如：1. What are you doing? Im doing the dishes. Im reading a book.2. Grandpa is writing a letter. Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.3. He is writing an e-mail in the study.3. What is it doing ? Its eating bananas. 4. What is she doing ? Shes jumping. 5. What are they doing ? Theyre swimming. They re climbing trees.6. Are you eating lunch? No, we arent.7. Are they eating the honey? Yes, they are.8. Is he playing chess? Yes, he is. 9. Is she counting insects? No, she isnt.五 一般過去時(shí)句型：表示過去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動作或情況。句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+動詞過去式+其他。標(biāo)志詞通常是：yesterday, last week , last year 等，在問句與否定句中要用助動詞did。該句型分布在第8冊Unit3&4中。如：1.What did you do last weekend? I played football.2. Did you help them clean their room? Yes, I did.3.What did you do yesterday? I went fishing.4. Did you read book? Yes, I did.5. Did you clean your room? No, I didnt.6.Where did you go on your holiday? I went to Xinjiang.7. What did you do there? I sang and danced with my new friends.8. How did you go there？ I went by train.此外，一般過去時(shí)也可用來表示客氣的詢問。如：Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3中的：What would you like for lunch? Id like some 六 情態(tài)動詞can引導(dǎo)的句型：表示有能力做某事，can后面的動詞要用原形。該句型主要分布在第5冊Unit4和第7冊Unit1中。如：Book4: 1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals. 2. I can water the flowers. 3. Can you make the bed? No, I cant. 4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can.Book7: How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.七 將來時(shí)：我們的教材中出現(xiàn)過兩種表示將來時(shí)的句型，即：will和be going to句型，主要以be going to句型為主，表示將要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are + going to + v.原形。標(biāo)志詞有：tomorrow next weekend this morning this weekend nextbe going toBook7: 1. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going to visit my grandparents.2. Where are you going? I am going to the cinema.3. How is he going to Beijing? He is going to Beijing by plane.4. When is she going to Xiashan? She is going to go there at 9:00 am英語名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則 1)單數(shù)名詞加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers. 2)以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的名詞加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches. 3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加es: cities, babies, enemies.4)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，多數(shù)變f為v加es: wives, knives.但有些詞只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs. 5)以o結(jié)尾的名詞，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos. 6)不規(guī)則名詞：footfeet, goosegeese, toothteeth, childchildren, manme n, womanwomen, sheepsheep, deerdeer, mousemice. 7)某些外來詞變復(fù)數(shù)：datumdata, mediummedia, bacteriumbacteria, curriculumcurricula, criterioncriteria, phenomenonphenomena. (um/ona)analysisanalyses, basisbases, crisiscrises, diagnosisdiagnoses.(ises ) 8)復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)：以不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞無復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：homework. 以man或woman為前綴的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)，前后兩個名詞都變復(fù)數(shù)，如：manservantmenservants, woman student women students. 其它復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)：grownupgrownups, brotherinlawbrothersinlaw, standbystandsby. 9)復(fù)合形容詞做定語時(shí)，其中的名詞保持單數(shù)：a sixyearold boy，a twohundredpage book英語中名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞在應(yīng)用時(shí)有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示一個用單數(shù)，表示兩個或兩個以上用復(fù)數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。 1.規(guī)則變化： 1) 一般在名詞詞尾加s， mapmaps地圖，birdbirds鳥， orangeoranges 桔子， bikebikes自行車； 2) 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞加es， boxboxes盒子，classclasses班級，watchwatches手表， dish-dishes盤，碟子，餐具； 3) 以O(shè)結(jié)尾的名詞后面加s或es photophotos相片 radioradios收音機(jī) zoozoos動物園 tomatotomatoes西紅柿 potatopotatoes土豆 4) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i+es babybabies嬰兒 familyfamilies家庭； 以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞直接加s boyboys男孩 toytoys 玩具； 5) 以fe或f結(jié)尾的名詞，把fe或f變?yōu)関es knifeknives小刀 wifewives妻子 leafleaves樹葉。 二：名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 1）child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 注意：與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women。 如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。 2）單復(fù)同形 如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin 但除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。 如： people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名詞，表示國民總稱時(shí)，作復(fù)數(shù)用。 如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。 5) 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses (眼鏡) trousers, clothes 若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對，雙); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6） 另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成直接在動詞的后面加上ing，如do