英語元音輔音發(fā)音規(guī)則表.doc

英語元音輔音發(fā)音規(guī)則表輔字組的讀音輔字組讀音例詞bbbagbikebusblueckcakecardsface decidecinemadddeskdaddayfffinefiveface offgdorangeageggoodbag gothankhhhello hat hot handjjacket job Junekkkey like bikellhello like lakeapple full bottlemmmorning name mennnonice inppmappen applerrFrankredssspell thanks sixzpleaseisnosettitwhat white tenvvevening vest verywwwhatwewellxksboxsixyjyouyellowyeszzzoozeroshEnglishsheshipchChinachesschairththankthreethisthattheyckkblackchickphfphonephotowhwwhatwhitehwhowhosetrtrtreedrdrdresststswhatsitscatsdsdzbedshandscardsqukwquitequiet元音字母在重讀開音節(jié)中的讀音元音字母讀音例詞aeiname gameei:heshemeiaifine likeoougohomeuju: u:use blue元音字母在重讀閉音節(jié)中的讀音元音字母讀音例詞a?Alicemap black thankeebed let pen desk yeseggiiisin it this sit six milkonot boxdoghot clockumumbus cup lunch元音字母組合在重讀閉音節(jié)中的讀音元音字母組合讀音例詞ai ayei eyeisaydayagain playeight theygreyalo:all ball talk walleai:teateacher pleaseeei:green beethreeoaouboat coat goatoo u:noon toomoon foodugood look book cookouowaumouth house abouthownowbrown downoi oyoiboytoynoise-r音節(jié)的讀音字母讀音例詞ar:are carfarfarmeror:orforsport shorteriruror(w前):hercertainlygirl bird first shirtturn nursewordworse自然發(fā)音二十八條拼讀規(guī)則1 字母q總是與u在一起，讀做/kw/,此處u不作元音.2 字母c在字母e, y, i前讀做/s/ (cent, city, cycle),其他字母前讀做/k/(cut, cap, cop).3 字母e, i, y之前的字母g可以讀做/j/(page, giant, gym),其中字母e, i之前的g也可以不讀做/j/(get, girl, give);其它字母之前的g讀做/g/(gate, go, gust).4 元音a, e, o, u在音節(jié)結(jié)尾(開音節(jié))一般讀做字母音(長音a, e, o, u),有助于學(xué)生正確劃分并拼讀元音字母+輔音字母+元音字母的不熟悉單詞(re portrather than rep ort).5 字母i和y經(jīng)常讀做/i/(big, gym),但是也可讀做I(silent, my, type).6 一個(gè)英語單詞用字母y而不是i的結(jié)尾(my, by).7 有五種情況末尾的字母e不發(fā)音.(如me, she,和he的短單詞末尾的字母e讀做e,較長的單詞末尾的e不發(fā)音)尾字母e不發(fā)音應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是”having a job”(承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)工作)7.1 bake gene time/type code cute使他前面的元音字母發(fā)字母音.7.2 love give blue true使我們不要以一個(gè)v和一個(gè)u結(jié)束一個(gè)單詞.7.3 chance bodice charge allege使g和c讀軟音/j/和/s/.7.4 lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble fid dle避免一個(gè)音節(jié)沒有一個(gè)元音字母.7.5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause這一條被Spalding女士叫做無工作尾字母e; Sanseri女士叫做老工作尾字母e,并說前四條之外的不發(fā)音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e.7.5.1使一個(gè)不是復(fù)數(shù)形式的單詞不要以s結(jié)尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是purs, false不是fals).7.5.2加長短的主意詞(main-idea),如awe, ewe, rye7.5.3區(qū)分同音異形詞的含義.如or/ore for/fore.7.5.4中英語和外來語中(那里的尾字母e是要發(fā)音的)留下來的,現(xiàn)在不發(fā)音.如treatise giraffe8.有五種字母組合發(fā)/er/的音/,記住下面的句子.Her nurse first works early.這個(gè)句子是按英語用法中的降序排列的.另外,or在w后業(yè)可以發(fā)/er/的音.還要記住有些詞尾的ar和or也發(fā)/er/的音.如dollar, doctor.9.1-1-1規(guī)則:單音節(jié)單詞中,結(jié)尾是單元音加單個(gè)輔音的,在添加以元音開始的詞尾變化時(shí),需要將末尾的輔音字母再寫一次再加詞尾變化.(如hop-hop ped).但是詞尾是x除外,因?yàn)樗蓛蓚€(gè)音/ks/.10.2-1-1規(guī)則:雙音節(jié)詞中,結(jié)尾是單元音加單個(gè)輔音的,在添加以元音開始的詞尾變化時(shí),需要將末尾的輔音字母再寫一次再加詞尾變化(be gin- be gin + ning).第二個(gè)音節(jié)不重讀的不能雙寫末尾輔音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get).11.去e規(guī)則,以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單詞在添加以元音開始的詞尾變化是需要去掉末尾不發(fā)音的e.(come-coming)12.是ie還是ei?一般情況下,應(yīng)該是ie,但是1) c之后用ei; 2)發(fā)字母a的音時(shí),用ei(neighbor, weigh, vein).還有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign seized counterfeit forfeited leisure. Plus: either weird protein heifer:13.音素sh用在一個(gè)基本詞的開頭或是結(jié)尾(she, dish),還用在一個(gè)音節(jié)的結(jié)尾(fin ish),但絕對不會(huì)在后一個(gè)音節(jié)的開頭,除非是以ship結(jié)尾(wor ship, friend ship).14.音素si, ti, ci最常用在一個(gè)基本詞的第二及以后的開頭,發(fā)音/sh/.常?？梢酝ㄟ^考察詞根和根詞來確定發(fā)/sh/時(shí)用什么樣的音素.比如infect to in fec tious / collect to col lec tion / potent to po ten tialmusic to mu si cian / space to spa cious / finance to fi nan cialsoci (companion) to so cial / ancien (old) to an cientcruc (cross) to cru cial / speci (kind) to spe cial15.音素si在前一個(gè)音節(jié)以s結(jié)尾時(shí)(ses sion)發(fā)/sh/,一個(gè)基本詞經(jīng)過詞尾變化后只有一個(gè)s(tense-tension),其中的音素si發(fā)/sh/.discuss to dis cus sion / compress to com pres sion / admis to ad mis sion16.音素si可以發(fā)/zh/,如vi sion, di vi sion, oc ca sion, ex plo sion.17.只有一個(gè)元音的單音節(jié)詞,常常雙寫詞尾的l, s, f.比如will, off, miss.有時(shí)雙音節(jié)詞也用到這條規(guī)則,如re cess18.詞尾為長音a時(shí),常用ay在詞尾而不是a. (bay, day, decay)19.元音i和o后面有兩個(gè)輔音時(shí),常發(fā)長音. (find, old)20. s從不在x后,音素x包含一個(gè)/s/音, /ks/.21.去L規(guī)則1: all單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)有兩個(gè)l,但在前綴中只有一個(gè)l.(al most, al so, al though).22.去L規(guī)則2: till和full單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)有兩個(gè)l,作后綴只有一個(gè)l. (un til, plen ti ful).23.音素dge只用在單元音后面,而且這個(gè)元音發(fā)短音(badge, edge, bridge, lodge, budge).24. Y變I規(guī)則:進(jìn)行詞尾變化時(shí),詞尾是一個(gè)輔音字母+y,要變y為i.下列兩種情況駐外(1)加-ing, (2)變后會(huì)引起音節(jié)分裂.city/cit ies beauty/beau ti ful play/player funny/fun ni estmultiply/mul ti ply ing rely/re li able cry/cried deny/denied25.音素ck只用在單元音后,而且這個(gè)元音發(fā)短音(back, neck, lick, rock, duck).26.字母開頭的z永遠(yuǎn)發(fā)/z/,不會(huì)發(fā)/s/.27.音素ed有三個(gè)音,基本詞以/t/和/d/音結(jié)尾, ed發(fā)/ed/(divide-divided, heat-heated);基本詞以濁輔音結(jié)尾的, ed發(fā)/d/( lived),以清輔音結(jié)尾的發(fā)/t/(stopped)28.單詞常常(always)在雙輔音間分音節(jié)但要注意不要把輔音字母組合分開(如ma the ma tic),重讀音節(jié)的輔音才發(fā)音,非重讀音節(jié)的輔音不發(fā)音lit tle.翻譯時(shí), consonant譯作輔音, vowel譯作元音.自然拼讀法基本規(guī)則:1.二十六個(gè)字母的讀音(Letter Sounds).l五個(gè)元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),每個(gè)發(fā)兩種音：長音（其字母音）和短音ly不在單詞開頭時(shí)，一般被看做元音2.單元音單詞拼讀(Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations)如果一個(gè)英語單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)元音,且元音不在末尾，這個(gè)元音一般發(fā)短音.如：Sam, cat, mat,等等lBeginning ConsonantslEnding ConsonantslOne Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds3.雙元音單詞拼讀(Two Vowel Words):一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里有兩個(gè)元音時(shí)，一般來說，前邊一個(gè)元音發(fā)長音（其字母音），后邊一個(gè)元音不發(fā)音如：make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key, five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute等等4.雙/三輔音在一起時(shí)的聯(lián)讀(Consonant Blends)lBeginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)lEnding consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)lWords ending in ll, ss, fflConsonant digraphs (ch, th, sh, wh)5.特殊讀法(1)帶元音的特殊讀法(Irregular Vowels) igh, ing, ind, ild, ar, or, oi, oy, alt, alk, ost, old, er, ir, ur, ew, sion, tion, eigh, all, ow, ow, ou, ay, ous, ed, ed (t), ed (d), aw, au, oo, oo以上字母組合作為整體音節(jié)發(fā)音。需記住它們所發(fā)的音。Examples:lar(car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play)lew(new, few), eigh (eight, weight), ed: usays /ed/:patted, landed, liftedusays /t/: walked, hopped, stoppedusays /d/: cried, played, chewedler(sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)lie(field), ing(king, sing, dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night, light), ireloi(oil, boil), oy (boy, toy), old (old, cold), ost (most, host), olt, oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, for, horn), ow(讀音一：cow, now, how, bow；讀音二：bow, low, blow, snow), ou (shout, out, loud) ould(could, would), ough (五種不同的讀音：cough, through, ought, slough, plough), ought, , ous (famous, nervous),lue(cruel), ui (fluid)ltion(attention, fiction), sion (passion, expression),lending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le6.特殊讀法(2)l如果一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)元音,而且元音在末尾，這個(gè)元音一般發(fā)長音（其字母音）(Vowel at the end)如：me, hi, go, baby, table, humor，hibernate等等。lY在末尾(作為元音處理）（y at the end）：u單音節(jié)詞,沒有其他元音，y發(fā)”I”(one syllable word, y at the end (pronounced as “I”): my, why, fly, skyu多音節(jié)詞, y發(fā)”E”的音(two or more syllables, y at the end (pronounced as “E”): daddy, mommy, baby，honey, crazy7.特殊讀法(3) -固定讀音的單詞(Sight Word):is, are, the, a, to, here, hey, have, son, love, come, give, field等.它們不遵守前邊的發(fā)音規(guī)則，需