CentOS 7入門(mén)操作基礎(chǔ)教程.doc

安裝完CentOS 7 minimal后，無(wú)力吐槽，變化之大，發(fā)現(xiàn)以前常用的一些命令都沒(méi)有。一、常用命令安裝查看anaconda-ks.cfg，原來(lái)是沒(méi)裝base group的包rootcentos7 # cat anaconda-ks.cfg #version=RHEL7# System authorization informationauth -enableshadow -passalgo=sha512# Use CDROM installation mediacdrom# Run the Setup Agent on first bootfirstboot -enableignoredisk -only-use=sda# Keyboard layoutskeyboard -vckeymap=us -xlayouts=us# System languagelang en_US.UTF-8 -addsupport=zh_CN.UTF-8# Network informationnetwork -bootproto=dhcp -device=eno16777736 -onboot=off -ipv6=autonetwork -hostname=localhost.localdomain# Root passwordrootpw -iscrypted $6$Zz5VMf1HPPRm0YRL$QSoaU9pAUApXMj9BXuK5qlUFGAfCv9Y/ylVGUcDYv.lrxfNodTiI/7DO1UR7carvL1EdgwQpuiwDt524f6.GR.# System timezonetimezone Asia/Chongqing -isUtc -nontp# System bootloader configurationbootloader -location=mbr -boot-drive=sdaautopart -type=lvm# Partition clearing informationclearpart -none -initlabel %packagescore # 這里只有core%endrootcentos7 # yum groupinstall base # 安裝完后ifconfig、service、chkconfig等命令就都有了二、運(yùn)行級(jí)別切換rootcentos7 # cat /etc/inittab # 系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行級(jí)別的設(shè)置方式也變化了# inittab is no longer used when using systemd.# ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /etc/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target# systemd uses targets instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:# multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3# graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5# To set a default target, run:# ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target這里寫(xiě)的很明白了，做個(gè)軟鏈修改默認(rèn)運(yùn)行級(jí)別rootcentos7 system# ll /lib/systemd/system/runlevel*.target # 系統(tǒng)0-6 7個(gè)運(yùn)行級(jí)別，2 3 4 運(yùn)行指向同一個(gè)文件lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Oct 11 03:51 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel0.target - poweroff.targetlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Oct 11 03:51 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel1.target - rescue.targetlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Oct 11 03:51 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel2.target - multi-user.targetlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Oct 11 03:51 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel3.target - multi-user.targetlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Oct 11 03:51 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel4.target - multi-user.targetlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Oct 11 03:51 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target - graphical.targetlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Oct 11 03:51 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel6.target - reboot.target三、systemctl管理系統(tǒng)服務(wù)systemctl可以看作是service和chkconfig的組合jobchkconfig、servicesystemctl服務(wù)開(kāi)機(jī)自啟動(dòng)chkconfig -level 3 httpd onsystemctl enable httpd服務(wù)不開(kāi)機(jī)自啟動(dòng)chkconfig -level 3 httpd offsystemctl disable httpd服務(wù)狀態(tài)service httpd statussystemctl status httpd(服務(wù)詳細(xì)信息)systemctl is-active httpd(只顯示是否active)所有服務(wù)的啟動(dòng)狀態(tài)chkconfig -listsystemctl list-units -type=service啟動(dòng)服務(wù)service httpd startsystemctl start httpd停止服務(wù)service httpd stopsystemctl stop httpd重啟服務(wù)service httpd restartsystemctl restart httpdcentos 7之前的