09-2013年五年四川高考英語試題分析及2014考前準(zhǔn)備之 形容詞與副詞.doc

第三章 形容詞與副詞一、形容詞的類別（1）性質(zhì)性形容詞，表事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞，有級的變化，可用程度副詞修飾，可用作定語、表語和補語。（2）敘述性形容詞，即表語形容詞，沒有級的變化，不能用程度副詞修飾，大多以a開頭的形容詞屬這一類，如：alike, alive, alone, asleep等。二、形容詞修飾名詞的順序：巧記方法：OSACOMU（阿薩克姆）即：Oopinion 即描繪性的評價形容詞Sshape表形狀的形容詞Aage表年齡，新舊的形容詞Ccolor表顏色的形容詞Oorigin表起源，國別的形容詞Mmaterial表材料的形容詞Uuse表用途、目的的形容詞例：these two round old brown Chinese stone bridges.多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序熟記口訣就可以順利解題：限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠。規(guī)則：限定語（The、A）+ 描繪性形容詞 + size（小）+ shape（形狀）+ age（年齡、時間）+ color（顏色）+ origin（國籍、來源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名詞。This _ girl is Lindas cousin. (05北京卷)A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish麗莎工作室 扣扣 36832371修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定語時后置the only person awake4和空間、時間、單位連用時a bridge 50 meters long5成對的形容詞可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容詞短語一般后置a man difficult to get on with7enough修飾名詞時可以前置也可以后置，但修飾形容詞或副詞時要后置_to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(NMET2000)A.Brave enough students B.Enough brave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave形容詞的位置：形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況下后置4、形容詞的句法功能：（1）做定語，例：Its an interesting English film 這是一部有趣的英語電影。（2）作表語，例：The cloud gets dancer and darker.云越來越黑（3）作補語，例：He was found asleep on the ground.他被發(fā)現(xiàn)躺在地上睡著了。（4）作狀語：例：They walked on, cold and hungry.他們接著往前走又冷又餓。（5）用于表示類別和整體，例：Global development often means that the rich get richer while the poor get poorer.全球發(fā)展經(jīng)常意味著富人越富而窮人越窮。復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成1形容詞+名詞+edkind-hearted6名詞+形容詞world-famous2形容詞+形容詞dark-blue7名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving3形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordinary-looking8名詞+過去分詞snow-covered4副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working9數(shù)詞+名詞+edthree-egged5副詞+過去分詞newly-built10數(shù)詞+名詞twenty-year二、副詞副詞主要用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。1、副詞的總體位置：（1）在動詞之前。（2）在be動詞、助動詞之后。（3）多個助動詞時，副詞位于第一個之后。注：若賓語過長時，副詞可以提前，以保持句子平衡。區(qū)分：We cant see it clearly.We can see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.2、不同類副詞的位置。（1）前位副詞、疑問副詞，關(guān)系，直接副詞和一些修飾全句的副詞，常位于句首或主語之前，如：actually, fortunately等。例：Luckily, our help came.幸運的是，我們有了幫助。（2）中位副詞，頻度副詞常在動詞前面，程度副詞常在它所修飾的詞前面。例：He often agrees with others. 他總是附和別人。Unluckily only his house was badly damaged in the earthquake. 不幸的是，只有他的房子在地震中受到損壞。（3）后位副詞：地點、方式和一些表時間副詞常位于句末。例：Everything went smoothly.一切進(jìn)展得很順利。3、副詞的排列順序：（1）時間、地點副詞，小前大后。（2）方式副詞、短前、長后且用and/but連接。例：Please write slowly and carefully.(3)多種不同副詞排列：巧記為：CDFT。即：程度+地點+方式+時間副詞。例：The students performed wonderfully in the dancing hall last week.學(xué)生們上周在舞廳里表現(xiàn)得很出色。注：副詞enough修飾形容詞須后置。例：Students brave enough can get a chance to shake hands with the football star.足夠勇敢的學(xué)生才有機會和足球巨星握手。4、副詞的句法功能：（1）作狀語，用修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或整個句子。例：The professor felt quite sad because most of the audience hadnt listened carefully enough to understand the importance of protecting our planet.教授很傷心，大多數(shù)觀眾并沒有仔細(xì)聽且理解保護(hù)地球的重要性。（2）某些副詞作表語或補語。例：I must be off now.Dont leave anything important out.切勿遺漏重要的東西。三、形容詞、副詞的比較級1、一般單、雙音節(jié)詞直接加-er-est。2、不規(guī)則變化：good/well-better-bestbad/ill-worse-worstlittle-less-leastfar-farther/further-farthest/furthest.3、沒有比較級的形容詞和副詞。（1）表“極限”意義和絕對概念的形容詞或副詞。例：absolutely, dead, relative等（2）表帶有“最”或“唯一”的形容詞如favorite, only, unique等四、比較級的修飾詞：1、表程度的副詞可用于修飾形容詞、副詞的比較級例：The patient felt a bit better today.病人今天感覺好多了。類似的詞有：much, a lot, a little, far, a great deal, by far, even 等五、常用比較級的句式：1、A+be+比較級+than+B例：The voyage is more exciting than the last.這次航行比上次刺激得多。2、the+比較級，the+比較級例：The farther you go into the cave, the more youll find.你越走進(jìn)山洞，發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西就越多。3、比較級and比較級表 “越來越” 例：With a better understanding of science, they got more and more knowledge.隨著對科學(xué)深入的理解，他們得到的知識越來越多。4、no+比較級+than和not +比較級+than（1）no more than和not more than區(qū)分He is no more than 1 meter only 僅僅He is not more than 1 meter 不超過1米 Your idea is no better than his.你的想法和他的一樣糟 Your idea is not better than his.你的想法沒有他的好5、by far 構(gòu)成的基本句式：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：by far the 和the very +最高級例： This is by far the best. 這最好不過了。He is the very best we have ever had.他是我們擁有的最好的球員。項 目例 句同級比較時常常用 asas以及not so(as)asShe is as tall as her mother.I am not as/ so good a player as you are.雙方比較，表示一方超過另一方時，用“比較級 （+ than）”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。要注意題干中將比較的另一方陰藏起來的情況。This picture is more beautiful than that one.I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one).表示一方不及另一方時，用“l(fā)ess + 原級 + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方隨另一方變化時用“the morethe more”句型The harder you work, the more progress you will make用比較級來表達(dá)最高級的意思I have never spent a more worrying day.我從來沒有度過這樣令人煩惱的一天。（意為：我度過了最為令人煩惱的一天。）倍數(shù)的表達(dá)表達(dá)法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）/這座新樓比那座舊樓大（高）三倍。表達(dá)法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。表達(dá)法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.6、最高級結(jié)構(gòu)句式：（1）the+最高級+名+介詞例：You are the best of all the workers.你是最好的工人。（2）適義動詞be+（the）最高級例：The traffic is busiest at this moment.此刻的交通是最繁忙的。（3）最高級+n+but one表“第二最”例：Tom is the coolest boy but one in the class.在班上，湯姆是第二酷的男孩。（4）a most+adj/adv=a very例：Their experience is a most dangerous one.他們的經(jīng)歷是十分危險的。（5）the last+n+范圍例：He is the last person I want to see.他是我最不想見的人。She is the last woman in the world to tell a lie.她是一個絕不會撒謊的人（6）固定短語中使用：例：at most最多 at least 最少at worst 最壞not in the least一點也不時 間 副 詞頻度副詞地點/方位副詞程度副詞方式副詞疑問/連接副詞其他副詞today, tomorrow,once,here, there,very, too,well,how,too, also, yesterday, now,twice,home, below,enough,hard,where,nor, so, then, early, late,always,anywhere, rather, quite,alone,when,as, on,off,once, soon, just,usually,above, outside,how, so,fast,why,either,tonight, long,often,in, inside, out, much, just,together,whetheryes, no,already, yet, before,sometimes,back, up, down,nearly, onlysuddenly,however, etc.not, neitherago, later, ever sincenever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly結(jié)尾的副詞關(guān)系副詞maybe,after, whenever(seldom),near, nearby,as long as等,where,perhaps,first, someday,ever,wherevereven, all,why, howcertainly,sometime, last,everywhere,a little, a bitwhen,麗莎工作室 扣扣 3683237全國最新試題總匯【2013福建】25. The Forbidden City attracts a _ stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.A. constant B. main C. powerful D. shallow1【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項“持續(xù)不斷的”；B項“主要的”；C“強大的”；D項“淺的”；根據(jù)句意“紫禁城每天都會吸引源源不斷的客流”，故答案為A?！?013福建】31. Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy _ priced bike.A. competitively B. recently C. reasonably D. affordably2【答案】D【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項“具競爭性地”，B項“最近”，C項“合理地，理性地，相當(dāng)”，D項“不太昂貴地”。根據(jù)Those poor and needy teenagers（那些貧窮的青少年）可知，那個商店定價不太昂貴，故答案選D?！?013福建】35. A society cannot be successful if it throws tradition away, but it cannot be successful _ if we do something to stop progress.A. either B. neither C. too D. also3【答案】A【解析】考查副詞用法。根據(jù)句意，一個社會不可能會成功如果.，一個社會也不會成功如果。表示“也不”，故選A?！?013湖北】27. People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often _ rather than based on fixed criteria.A. appropriate B. conscious C. arbitrary D. controversial4【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：人們抱怨贊成或否定一個允許的那些決定常常是武斷的而不是基于一些固定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！?013湖北】28. He didnt selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a _ contribution to help the community.A. commercial B. generous C. comparable D. profitable5【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)前句可知他不自私；因此是做了一個慷慨的捐獻(xiàn)。故選B?！?013湖北】29. Dont defend him any more. Its obvious that he _ destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.A. accidentally B. carelessly C. deliberately D. clumsily6【答案】C【解析】考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：很顯然他是蓄意破壞花園的柵欄，而且沒有道歉?！?013江西】24.What a terrible experience ! _, youre safe now - thats the main thing.A. AnywayB. BesidesC. OtherwiseD. Therefore7【答案】A【解析】考查副詞。此處考查表示上下連接關(guān)系的副詞。A項“不管怎樣”；B項“而且”；C項“否則”；D項“因此”； 根據(jù)句意：多么可怕的經(jīng)歷！_， 主要的事情是，現(xiàn)在你是安全的?？芍鸢笧锳。 麗莎工作室 扣扣 3683237【2013江西】26.There are a small number of people involved, possibly _twenty.A. as few asB. as little asC. as many asD. as much as8【答案】A【解析】考查比較級句型。句意表達(dá)人很少，少達(dá)20人。People為可數(shù)名詞，故使用few來替代，故答案選A。【2013遼寧】27. Everything seemed to be going _ for the first two days after I moved to New York.A. vividly B. generally C. frequently D. smoothly9【答案】D【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項“生動逼真地”；B項“一般地，通?！?；C項“經(jīng)常”；D項“順利地”。根據(jù)句意，一切進(jìn)展順利，故選D?！?013遼寧】33. This is by far _ movie that I have ever seen.A. an inspiring B. a much inspiringC. the most inspiring D. the more inspiring10【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞比較等級。根據(jù)標(biāo)志性詞語by far及I have ever seen可知此處使用最高級，意為：這是迄今為止我所看過的最具激勵性的電影?！?013天津】3. I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time-there are meaningful things to do.A. less B. more C. the least D. the most11【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)句意：看電視是浪費時間，因為有（比看電視）更有意義的事情可以做。故選比較級more。【2013新課標(biāo)II卷】9. It may not be a great suggestion. But before _ is put forward, well make do with it.A. a good one B. a better one C. the best one D. a best one12【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞比較等級。句意：這也許不是一個很好的建議，但在提出一個更好的建議之前，我們會設(shè)法應(yīng)付的。根據(jù)句意用比較級?！?013新課標(biāo)I卷】25. Tony can hardly boil an egg，still cook dinner.A. lessB. littleC. muchD. more13【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞、副詞比較級。根據(jù)句意：Tony幾乎不能煮蛋，而且更少做飯。Still修飾比較級。故選A?！?013浙江】2. Mary worked here as a _ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.A. pessimistic B. temporary C. previous D. cautious14【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項“悲觀的”； B項“臨時的”； C項“先前的”； D項“謹(jǐn)慎的”；根據(jù)語境詞full-time可知答案選B?！?013浙江】6.If we leave right away, _, well arrive on time.A. hopefully B. curiously C. occasionally D. gradually15【答案】A【解析】考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：如果我們馬上離開，我們就有希望按時到達(dá)。故答案選A（抱有希望的）。此處hopefully, well arrive on time相當(dāng)于its hopeful that well arrive on time?！?013浙江】18. If what your friend comes up with surprises you, dont reject it immediately. _ , imagine that it is true.A. Thus B. Besides C. Rather D .Otherwise16【答案】C【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項“那么，因此”； B項“而且”； C項“更確切地說；還不如說，相反”； D項“否則”；根據(jù)句意，如果你朋友想出的東西讓你感到驚奇，不要立刻就反對，還不如設(shè)想它是真實的。故選C?！?013安徽】30. David is animal fur, so he wont visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house. A. curious about B. allergic to C. satisfied with D. fond of17【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)后句“他不愿意去看望任何家里養(yǎng)貓狗的人”可知他對動物皮毛過敏。故選B?！?013安徽】31. If parent