書(shū)面表達(dá)與練.doc

簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型講與練 書(shū)面表達(dá)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練一課時(shí)完成句型講解，后面翻譯題請(qǐng)分5次認(rèn)真完成，很多句子是德陽(yáng)中考作為哦。一、句子成分：包括：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)，表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、和同位語(yǔ).具體用法見(jiàn)下表句子成分位置作用與構(gòu) 成例句主語(yǔ)句首由名詞、代詞主格、數(shù)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是“誰(shuí)”發(fā)出的。That man looks strange. We exercise every day.Reading is good for your English study.謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)之后由vi、“vt+賓語(yǔ)”或“系+表語(yǔ)”等構(gòu)成,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么樣”。He puts the book on the table.The pizza has gone bad賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞后名詞、代詞賓格、動(dòng)詞不定式、v-ing等I waited for him for half an hour. We study English.He enjoys reading.I want to go home.表語(yǔ)在系v連系后。形容詞、副詞、名詞、代詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份和情況。His father is a worker.You look happy.Daming is at home.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)后,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)的成分為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),常由名詞、形容詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞等、介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。We ll make our school more beautiful.Mr Li asks us not to talk in class.The sad movies made me cry.定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)(單個(gè)的詞)位于修飾詞前，后置定語(yǔ)（短語(yǔ)，從句）在修飾詞詞后。修飾名詞或代詞的成分,常由形容詞、名詞(含所有格)、代詞(物主、指示、疑問(wèn)、不定)、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句等充當(dāng)。She is a beautiful/good/ kind girl.(前定)The boy in blue is Tom.（后定）Tina is the girl who sings best in our class.（后定）The boy there needs a pen.狀語(yǔ) 時(shí)間位于句首或句末，地點(diǎn)方式目的狀語(yǔ)常在句末，原因條件時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句均可。位置：自由自在。說(shuō)明動(dòng)作“何時(shí)”、“何地”、“如何”發(fā)生,或者說(shuō)明形容詞或副詞的程度,一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、狀語(yǔ)從句等充當(dāng)。The girl lives in America.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）Last week,I went to Beijing.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))We must listen to Mr Li carefully.(方狀)The students study hard. Ill go fishing tomorrow if it doesnt rain.He is absent today because he was ill.To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business. (目的狀語(yǔ))五種基本句型。1.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ) +(狀語(yǔ)) 如：我們每天鍛煉。 We exercise every day. 太陽(yáng)從東方升起。The sun rises in the east. 2.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(vt)+賓語(yǔ). (此句型句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是vt, 必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)(即動(dòng)作的承受者)才能使意思完整。例如： I love you. We study English. He enjoys reading.3.主語(yǔ)+系+表語(yǔ). 該句型最常用的系動(dòng)詞是be （am,is,are）例如：他的父親是工人。His father is a worker.她的臉變紅了。Her face turned red.課老師的課堂生動(dòng)有趣。Ms Wang s class is lively and interesting.4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間賓+直賓 . 有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ), e.g. give/pass/bring/show。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)指人(間接賓語(yǔ)); 一個(gè)指物(直接賓語(yǔ))。例如：Tom gave me an apple .Tom 給了我一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。5.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ). 此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是: 動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞, 但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思, 必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)(即賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)), 才能使意思完整。 The sad movies made me cry.6.There be 句型 There is/are +主語(yǔ) +狀語(yǔ). 現(xiàn)在有.There was/were +主語(yǔ) +狀語(yǔ). 過(guò)去有.There will be +主語(yǔ) +狀語(yǔ). 將來(lái)有例如：我們學(xué)校有個(gè)大操場(chǎng)。There is a big playground in our school.這周六在禮堂有英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。There will be an English party in our hall this Saturday.注意：英語(yǔ)的句子都是由這6種基本句型構(gòu)成，那些長(zhǎng)難句只是加了點(diǎn)綴他們的修飾語(yǔ)讓句子更加豐滿優(yōu)美。這些修飾語(yǔ)可以是單詞 (adj./adv./num. 數(shù)詞)短語(yǔ)，句子 (介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ))。所以同學(xué)們不要害怕長(zhǎng)難句。Last weekend, our family went out to have Christmas dinner in a restaurant. （15德陽(yáng)中考閱讀）（中心句前后加了時(shí)間地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）Winter in some parts of the country seems to hang on for months. （主語(yǔ)后加了介詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)）通常情況下,主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)前的成分是定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)前的成分是狀語(yǔ)，時(shí)間詞作狀語(yǔ)放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下：（定語(yǔ)） 主語(yǔ) （狀語(yǔ)） 謂語(yǔ) （定語(yǔ)） 賓語(yǔ) （狀語(yǔ)）如：(the tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.(the happy) child - went (his) home yesterday.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、 分析下列句子成分例如：People all over the world speak English. 主 定 謂 賓1. In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. 2. He asked her to take the boy out of school.3. My brother hasnt done his homework.4. She found it difficult to do the work.5. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.6. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.7. All of us considered him honest.8. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.9. He broke a piece of glass.10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching二、請(qǐng)按簡(jiǎn)單句句子結(jié)構(gòu)將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。（注意定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)的位置）（一）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ) +(狀語(yǔ)) 1. 我和他一起玩2.這學(xué)期我必須好好學(xué)習(xí)。3. 昨天晚上他們很晚才到家。4.雨停了，太陽(yáng)出來(lái)了5. 你應(yīng)該每天至少鍛煉半小時(shí)。6.你昨晚睡的還好嗎（二）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(vt)+賓語(yǔ). 1. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)。2.我喜歡玩游戲。3. 你應(yīng)該有健康的飲食習(xí)慣，多吃蔬菜水果。4.我們要有健康的生活方式。3. 打游戲浪費(fèi)時(shí)間、傷害眼睛；5. 我們?cè)诩亦l(xiāng) 種植了很多樹(shù)。6. 在鄉(xiāng)下，我能過(guò)上安靜又舒適的生活。7.我們應(yīng)該尊重父母，與他們好好相處。8.她非常懷念過(guò)去的時(shí)光。9她經(jīng)常幫父母做家務(wù)。10.閱讀能給我們帶來(lái)歡樂(lè)（三）.主語(yǔ)+系+表語(yǔ). 1. 我們是好朋友。2. 他感覺(jué)到很疲倦，但很快樂(lè)。3.我的數(shù)學(xué)和物理不太好。4.我認(rèn)為健康很重要。5.她對(duì)中國(guó)文化很感興趣。6.李老師對(duì)學(xué)生很嚴(yán)格。7.他聽(tīng)起來(lái)是個(gè)好主意 8.他的夢(mèng)想已經(jīng)變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。9.這些蛋糕嘗起來(lái)很美味。10.她的課老師的課堂生動(dòng)有趣。