動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)項(xiàng).doc

初三英語(yǔ)中考二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)項(xiàng)之 -動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 A、動(dòng)詞可以分為四類(lèi)。一、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（行為動(dòng)詞）1. 不及物動(dòng)詞。不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)，常需加介詞后才能跟賓語(yǔ)。如：listen (to), look (for/at)2. 及物動(dòng)詞。后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)，意義才完整。在及物動(dòng)詞+副詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)副搭配時(shí)，代詞放中間。如：give it up3. 注意區(qū)分幾組易混淆的同義動(dòng)詞。 look-see-watch-read, say-speak-talk-tell, borrow-lend, bring-take, listen-hear, look for-find-find out, put on-wear-dress, forget-leave4. 有些及物動(dòng)詞后可以跟雙賓語(yǔ)，即直接賓語(yǔ)（表物）和間接賓語(yǔ)（表人），間接賓語(yǔ)通常位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前，若顛倒兩者的位置，則通常在間接賓語(yǔ)前加一個(gè)介詞（to或for）。二、連系動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞有be, become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall, sound，etc. 系動(dòng)詞通常無(wú)被動(dòng)。三、掌握助動(dòng)詞do, does, did, have, has, will, would等的用法四、注意使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have和感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, watch, feel, notice的用法（后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式）B. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞共有三種：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞一、不定式的句法功能。1. 作主語(yǔ)。不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了保持句子平衡，往往以it作形式主語(yǔ)。如：收到你的來(lái)信真好。_2. 作賓語(yǔ)。通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等詞后。 3. 作表語(yǔ) 4. 作定語(yǔ)。不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后。5. 作賓補(bǔ)。通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等詞后。6. 作狀語(yǔ) 7. 作獨(dú)立成分。如：跟你說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)，我撒了一個(gè)謊。_8. “疑問(wèn)句+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu) 9. 不定式的否定式二、動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。后面常接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)：mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practice, keep, suggest, allow, be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing, cant help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, devote to doing, lead to doing, prefer doing to doing三、分詞。分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能，分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩類(lèi)。現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成。五年中考真題：1. World Expo 2010 Shanghai China _ people from all over the world to the theme “Better City, Better Life.” A. attends B. attracts C. allows D. advises2. He _ his umbrella to me yesterday, so I didnt get wet. A. borrowed B. kept C. lent D. bought3. It is a good habit to_ all your things in correct places. A. put away B. put up C. put out D. put off4. Will his new novel _ in September this year? -Yes, we are all looking forward to it. A. come over B. come back C. come out D. come from5. I hear the weather will _ cold for another week. I hope not. I hate cold weather. A. turn B. last C. get D. stay6. If you dont now how to spell these new words, _ in the dictionary.A. look up them B. look for them C. look them up D. look them for7. Mr. Li says learning English _ action, or we will get nothing. A. requires B. reduces C. refuses D. realizes8. The radio _ that there will be another heavy rain in Guangdong. Too bad. It has rained for the whole week.A. tells B. talks C. says D. speaks9. She couldnt _ her words _ by the students.A. get; understanding B. get; understood C. make; to understand D. make; understand10. Lets hurry! There are only ten minutes _. A. leave B. to leave C. left D. leaving11. How do you know that she likes singing? -I often hear her _ after class. A. to sing B. sang C. sing D. sings12. Hell use what he has _ her a new dress. A. bought B. to buy C. buying D. been bought13. At school our teachers do all they can _ us with our lessons.A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped14. What a heavy rain! -So it is. I prefer _ at home _ on such a rainy day.A. watch TV; to go out B. watch TV; go out C. watching TV; to going out D. to watch TV; going out實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練: 一.根據(jù)句意,用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空. 1. I hope _ (find) a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from school.2. Bob speaks Chinese quite well. Yes, so he does. He practices _(speak) Chinese.3. The boy _(stand) in the teachers office was found smoking yesterday.4. There was a man _(call) Sandwich at the gate.5. Before 2018 we will finish _(build) the schools.6. He found it hard _(catch up with) his class.7. Mother asks me _(not play) computer games before finishing my homework.8. We have two rooms _(live) in, but I cant decide which one _(choose).9. Would you mind me _(play) the piano?10. I saw him _(swim) in the river when I walked past it yesterday.11. The boy lay on the grass, _(look) at the sky.12. Is it necessary _(learn) a foreign language? 13. Do you have anything _(say) for yourself? 14. Dont keep me _(wait) for a long time. 15. The speaker spoke too quickly for us _(understand). 二、選擇填空. 1. Would you please _ the door for me? A. holding B. not to hold C. hold D. held 2. Wed really like you _ to the party tonight. A. come B. to come C. will come D. should come 3. We can do nothing but _ the experiment. A. to repeat B. repeat C. repeating D. repeated 4 We cant have him _ like that all day. A. to work B. working C. to be worked D. work 5. _ has not been decided yet. A. To start when B. Why to start C. When to start D. Start to where 6. Do you think it difficult _? A. for me to do so B. for my to do so C. for I to do so D. for me doing so 7. Our house needs _ before the rainy season arrives. A. to repair B. to be repair C. repaired D. repairing 8. She usually forgets _ the door, but she remembered _ it yesterday. A. to shutto shut B. shuttingshutting C. to shutshutting D. shuttingto shut 9. He stood there for two hours _ the game. A. watched B. watching C. is watching D. was watching 10. Who do you think youd like _? A. to make friends B. make friends C. to make friends with D. make friends with 11. -Excuse me, sir. Look at the sign on the wall NO _. -Oh, Im sorry. Ill never do it again. A. PARKED B. SMOKE C. SPITTING D. SMOKED 12. -Boys and girls, will you please _ the park this afternoon? -OK. A. not cleaning out B. not to clean out C. to clean up D. clean up 13. Her hope _ a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games. A. to win B. is to win C.winning D. will win 14. Would you please pass me the knife _? A. to cut the watermelon with B. to cut the watermelon C. cutting the watermelon D. cutting the watermelon with 15. It is better to teach a man to fish than _ him fish. A. giving B. to give C. gives D. gave 16. Id rather _ on the land _ in a factory. A. work; than work B. work; work C. to work; than to work D. to work; to work 17. Would you mind _ because therere so many children _ here? A. smoke; play B. smoking; playing C. not smoking; play D. not smoking; playing 18. Im busy today. Im going to have my CD player _. A. fixed B. fixing C. to fix D. fix19. Did the book give the information you needed? -Yes, but _ it, I had to read the whole book.A. finding B. find C. found D. to find20. I saw Ann _ a green dress at the school meeting. I think she looks better _ red.A. dressed; in B. put on; wear C. wearing; in D. wear; put on春雨的色彩說(shuō)課稿 一、教材內(nèi)容分析：春天里萬(wàn)物復(fù)蘇，百花爭(zhēng)艷、綠草如蔭、一派迷人的景色。春雨的色彩意境優(yōu)美，散文詩(shī)中綿綿的春雨，屋檐下嘰嘰喳喳的小鳥(niǎo)，萬(wàn)紫千紅的大地，給人以美的陶冶和享受，與此同時(shí)啟發(fā)幼兒通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)潔優(yōu)美的語(yǔ)言以及相應(yīng)的情景對(duì)話(huà)練習(xí)感受春天的勃勃生機(jī)。激發(fā)幼兒熱愛(ài)大自然的情感，啟發(fā)幼兒觀察、發(fā)現(xiàn)自然界的變化，感知春的意韻，并嘗試運(yùn)用多種方法把春雨的色彩表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，以此來(lái)表達(dá)自己的情感體驗(yàn)。 二、幼兒情況分析：中班下學(xué)期的幼兒探究、分析、觀察能力有了一定的發(fā)展，并且孩子們充滿(mǎn)了好奇心和強(qiáng)烈的探究欲，能主動(dòng)地去探究周?chē)铜h(huán)境的變化，并且能根據(jù)變化運(yùn)用自己的表達(dá)方式將感知到的變化加以表現(xiàn)。同時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)期的幼兒的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力及審美能力有一定的發(fā)展，孩子們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的活動(dòng)中也積累了許多有關(guān)繪畫(huà)方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)在活動(dòng)展示出來(lái)。 三、活動(dòng)目標(biāo)：教育活動(dòng)的目標(biāo)是教育活動(dòng)的起點(diǎn)和歸宿，對(duì)教育活動(dòng)起著主導(dǎo)作用，我根據(jù)中班幼兒的實(shí)際情況制定了一下活動(dòng)目標(biāo)：1、情感態(tài)度目標(biāo)：引導(dǎo)幼兒感受散文詩(shī)的意境美。2、能力目標(biāo)：發(fā)展幼兒的審美能力和想象力。3、認(rèn)知目標(biāo)：幫助幼兒在理解散文的基礎(chǔ)上感受春天的生機(jī)，知道春雨對(duì)萬(wàn)物生長(zhǎng)的作用。 四、活動(dòng)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)：重點(diǎn)是：引導(dǎo)幼兒份角色朗誦小動(dòng)物的對(duì)話(huà)，感受散文詩(shī)的優(yōu)美，進(jìn)而豐富詞匯、發(fā)展幼兒的觀察能力、思維和語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。難點(diǎn)是：學(xué)習(xí)詞語(yǔ)“淋、滴、灑、落”、學(xué)習(xí)春雨的對(duì)話(huà)、詩(shī)句“親愛(ài)的小鳥(niǎo)們，你們說(shuō)得都對(duì)，但都沒(méi)說(shuō)全面，我本身是無(wú)色的，但我能給春天的大地帶來(lái)萬(wàn)紫千紅”。 五、活動(dòng)準(zhǔn)備：1、經(jīng)驗(yàn)準(zhǔn)備：課前學(xué)會(huì)朗誦詩(shī)春天，并組織幼兒春游，根據(jù)天氣情況實(shí)地觀察春雨，讓幼兒感受了解春天的有關(guān)知識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。2、物質(zhì)準(zhǔn)備：小動(dòng)物頭飾、 教學(xué)課件、幼兒繪畫(huà)用紙筆 六、教法：陶行知先生曾經(jīng)說(shuō)：“解放兒童的雙手，讓他們?nèi)プ鋈ジ伞彼栽诒敬位顒?dòng)中，我力求對(duì)幼兒充分放手，對(duì)大限度的激發(fā)幼兒的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，讓他們自己去探究、去發(fā)現(xiàn)、去感受，我主要采取了以下教學(xué)法：1、談話(huà)法：在活動(dòng)得導(dǎo)入環(huán)節(jié)我運(yùn)用與幼兒進(jìn)行有關(guān)春天主題的談話(huà)，幫助幼兒積累整理自己積累的有關(guān)春天的知識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。2、演示法：在活動(dòng)中我通過(guò)多媒體課件向 幼兒展示春天的勃勃生機(jī)，春雨的色彩散文詩(shī)的情景，也是通過(guò)課件中輕柔的配樂(lè)詩(shī)朗誦體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的?，F(xiàn)代教學(xué)輔助手段的運(yùn)用進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了他的作用，使幼兒對(duì)春天、春雨更加了解和熟悉。3、情景演示法：將幼兒置身于春雨的色彩散文情景中，通過(guò)角色表演，強(qiáng)化幼兒對(duì)春雨的色彩的感受。此外我還適時(shí)采用了交流討論法、激勵(lì)法、審美熏陶法和動(dòng)靜交替法加以整合