中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).doc

中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,又叫施動(dòng)者；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，又叫受動(dòng)者。區(qū)分主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主要看主語(yǔ)是執(zhí)行者還是承受者。如：The flowers and grass should be watered .(_語(yǔ)態(tài))We should water the flowers and grass .(_語(yǔ)態(tài))一 構(gòu)成 1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“助動(dòng)詞be +過去分詞”構(gòu)成的，助動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。Tom broke the cup .(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) The cup was broken by Tom .(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有以下8種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：be(am / is are) +過去分詞 Trees are planted in spring .一般過去時(shí)：be(was / were) +過去分詞 The house was built last year .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：be(am / is are) + being +過去分詞 The car is being repaired .過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：be(was / were) + being +過去分詞 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have / has + been +過去分詞 The light has been turned off .過去完成時(shí)：had + been +過去分詞 一般將來時(shí)：will be +過去分詞 Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever .含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +過去分詞 My homework can be finished in two hours .3.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用于以下場(chǎng)合：不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)。如：My bike was stolen yesterday .我的自行車昨天被偷了。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，使用“by +動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者”。如：The pen was used by my father .這支鋼筆是我父親用過的。 只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)形式，不及物動(dòng)詞如rise / come / go / take / place / happen等，沒有被動(dòng)形式。二 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟通常遵循以下三個(gè)步驟：1 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。2 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榕c其時(shí)態(tài)相對(duì)應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式，且與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。3 將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)，置于句末?！癰y +賓語(yǔ)”在句中常省略。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Many people speak English . 這里還需要連線！被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：English . is spoken by many people .如：Lu Xun wrote this book . This book was written by Lu Xun .這本書是魯迅寫的。 People are cutting down many trees now . Many trees are being cut down now .現(xiàn)在許多樹正被砍伐。三 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1.雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)形式雙賓語(yǔ)的句子在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，有兩種變法： 如果把指人的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，那么指物的直接賓語(yǔ)保留不動(dòng)。如：His teacher gave him a book .He was given a book by his teacher . He has bought me a present .I have been bought a present . 如果要將指物的直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞to / for，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定的。如：His teacher gave him a book .A book was given to him by his teacher . He has bought me a present .A present has been bought for me . 常見的能接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive / show / bring / lend / send等，這些詞與介詞to搭配；buy / make / draw等，這些詞與介詞for搭配。2.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 許多不及物動(dòng)詞加上介詞或副詞后構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不能把短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分開，也不能漏掉短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞。 如： We should speak to old men politely .Old men should be spoken to politely . He always takes care of his sister .His sister is always taken care of (by him). She turned off the radio .The radio was turned off (by her).3. 省略的to動(dòng)詞不定式用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，一些表示感官或使役的動(dòng)詞，如hear / watch / see / feel / notice / listen to / look at / let /make / have和help等后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，但句子在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后要加to。如： He made the girl stay at home .The girl was made to stay at home . We often hear her sing in the room .She is often heard to sing in the room . The boss made them work for 16 hours a day .They were made to work for 16 hours a day (by the boss).4. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 動(dòng)詞need，want以及短語(yǔ)be（well）worth等后面常接動(dòng)名詞，以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：The room needs cleaning .這房子需要打掃。 The piece of music is worth listening to .這首曲子值得聽。 某些表示主語(yǔ)質(zhì)地、自身特征的動(dòng)詞，如write / wash / sell / clean / cook等，常和副詞well或easily連用，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：The cloth washes easily .這種布容易洗。 The pen writes well .這支筆很好用。練習(xí)一、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Many TV sets _ (make) every year in this factory .2. All the exercises must _ (finish) before class is over .3. The PRC _ (found) on October 1, 1949.二、單項(xiàng)選擇1. English _ by many countries, but Chinese people _ Chinese.A. is spoken; speak B. is spoken; are speak C. speaks; speak2. They _ a new school in the village now. It _ before September this year . A. are building; will be built B. are building; will build C. are building; will built 3. If the small trees _ , they will grow up quickly . A. are taken good care of B. are taken good care C. take good care of 4. Where did you go last night ? I _ to Toms birthday party. A. am invited B .was invited C. invited5. These shirts _ well , because they _ nice . A .are sold ; are looked B. sell ; look C. sell ; are looked6. The flowers _ every day , or theyll die . A. should be water B. must be watered C. must water7. Dont worry , Your son _ . A. must be find B. must be found C. must be found8. Your dress looks beautiful. Thank you .It _ by my mother last year. A. made B. is made C. was made9. The window _ last night, so it _. A. isnt closed; was broken B. didnt close; was broken C. wasnt closed; was broken10. Most science books _ in English. A. are written B. is written C .wrote 11. Bob _ by his boss. A .was made to work B. was made work C. made to work12. The little boy _ Jack. A. is called B. called C. is calling13. Water _ into ice. A. can been changed B .can be changed C. can change14. What _ last night ? A. was happening B. happened C. was happened15. The Party _ in 1921 .A. is found B. was founded C .was found 答案：AAA BBB CCC AAA BBB 三、按要求改寫句子，每空一詞。1. She made her son do his homework after supper. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Her son _ _ _ _ his homework after supper .2. Is this game often played by them in the afternoon?( 改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))_ _ often _ this game in the afternoon ?3. You can answer my question after you think it over.(改為同義句)