汽輪機原理習題解答.doc

汽輪機原理習題參考答案習題1(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)損失已經(jīng)計算，圖略(9)圖略(10)(11)(12)略。22習題2(1)高壓缸：級號內(nèi)功率Pi級流量D0級前溫度級前壓力級前比熵級前焓全級壓差級后壓力級后焓級理想焓降級的相對內(nèi)效率有效焓降級實際出口焓值調(diào)節(jié)級18555905.6537166.4393403.744.2511.753304.299.540.74101911273.76104243329.97895815365886.1483.811.66.45373311.270.88310.7173286.6824.590.88640247921.796636953289.47336325608886.1471.110.76.4583289.320.8599.8413263.74525.5750.89086547222.783884443266.53611635992886.1457.99.876.45953265.810.8579.0133238.5427.270.89270184224.343979233241.46602146325886.1443.89.016.4633241.2060.8388.1723212.43328.7730.89308983925.696873943215.50912656551886.1428.98.176.4673215.140.7977.3733185.48629.6540.89751988726.615054733188.52494566855886.1413.57.386.47063187.9820.7656.6153157.0330.9520.89978449827.850129783160.1318777194886.1397.66.616.4763160.30.735.883127.93232.3680.90297210129.227400973131.07259986345852.93815.896.483131.0560.6265.2643100.6830.3760.88166871126.781568773104.27443196653852.9365.25.266.4843103.280.5994.6613071.35531.9250.87961171328.081603943075.198396106930852.9348.84.666.4893074.4870.5634.0973041.3333.1570.8821905329.250791423045.236209117203852.9331.84.16.49433044.490.5253.5753010.1434.350.88509738930.403095323014.086905高壓缸總的有效焓降為：366.592 kj/kg，高壓缸總的理想焓降為：428.53 kj/kg由調(diào)節(jié)級前熵s6.439kj/(kg*k)和第11級后壓力3.575Mpa，得焓h2978.087kj/kg高壓缸重熱系數(shù)：=(428.53-(3403.74-2978.087)/ (3403.74-2978.087)=0.00676調(diào)節(jié)級的相對內(nèi)效率：73.761/99.54=0.741高壓缸效率：366.592/(3403.74-2978.087)=0.86125(2)汽輪機高壓缸各級效率逐漸增加，直到第一次回熱抽汽后降低至最小，后又逐漸增加。原因：由于葉片變大，所以葉高損失變小，所以效率提高，直到有回熱抽汽后，損失變大，所以效率降低。(3)高壓進汽壓力損失：16.716.000.7Mpa再熱器壓力損失：3.5753.120.455Mpa中低連通管壓力損失：0.7910.7690.022Mpa中壓缸級號內(nèi)功率Pi級流量D0級前溫度級前壓力級前比熵級前焓全級壓差級后壓力級后焓級理想焓降級的相對內(nèi)效率有效焓降級實際出口焓值17818747.6533.63.127.3123531.440.3362.7843490.37541.0650.91676293637.646869983493.7931328052758515.32.187.4353500.0230.3141.8663445.22954.7940.69791744838.241688653461.78131138520758496.42.477.3213454.9060.3022.1683410.12144.7850.90352528640.464379953414.4416248831758476.42.167.3283414.1680.2811.8793367.57446.5940.90014647441.94142483372.22657559158758455.51.887.3333371.690.2571.6233323.93447.7560.91076428343.49445913328.19554169062724.9433.71.637.33623327.480.2361.3943278.22449.2560.91366990145.003724653282.47627579651724.9411.11.397.3433282.070.221.173229.6152.460.91362595847.928817773234.141182810276724.9386.91.177.34933233.650.2030.9673177.76955.8810.91323874251.032694163182.617306910666724.9361.10.977.3553182.2960.1790.7913124.87757.4190.92250845652.969513043129.326487中壓缸總的有效焓降為：398.7236 kj/kg由第1級前熵7.312和第9級后壓力0.791Mpa得出h3099.103 kj/kg中壓缸的效率：398.7236/(3531.44-3099.103)=0.92225低壓缸級號內(nèi)功率Pi級流量D0級前溫度級前壓力級前比熵級前焓全級壓差級后壓力級后焓級理想焓降級的相對內(nèi)效率有效焓降級實際出口焓值18610329.3331.40.7697.3663123.7080.2420.5273024.2599.4580.86758229686.2883037.4229197329.3287.20.5417.3773037.040.1910.352931.46105.580.79243701583.66552953.374538585294.3243.70.3727.39052952.60.140.2322847.434105.1660.8986459594.5072858.09349262275.4194.50.2327.413432858.0930.10.1322745.626112.4670.910542648102.4062755.68758297258.5140.80.1337.434242755.60.06080.07222624.28131.320.843055133110.712644.89613222246.591.80.07367.4652662.6830.05270.02092522.65140.0330.845514986118.42544.283711308246.563.40.02287.8652614.860.01680.0062463.047151.8130.830956506126.152488.711個低壓缸總的有效焓降為：722.1265 kj/kg 由第1級前的熵7.366和第7級后壓力0.006Mpa得出h2268.757 kj/kg低壓缸的效率：722.1265/(3123.708-2268.757)=0.84464(4)dmu級的理想焓降ca速比相對內(nèi)效率調(diào)節(jié)級0.741高壓缸第一級0.85419134.175924.59221.76560.6050340.8864高壓缸末級1.07704169.18134.35262.10680.6454660.8851中壓缸第一級1.08966171.163441.065286.58330.5972550.916763中壓缸末級1.32736208.501257.419338.87760.615270.92251低壓缸第一級1.91978301.558399.4584460.676140.9464低壓缸末級2.64287415.141191.813619.37550.6702570.861沿蒸汽膨脹流程，級焓降逐漸增大。原因：沿蒸汽膨脹流程，輪周速度增大，為了保證較高的效率，各級均應在最佳速比附近工作，則相應的理想焓降要增大。 (5)(6)Pe發(fā)電機功率Pel發(fā)電機效率汽耗率給水焓熱耗率汽輪機總理想焓降凝結(jié)水的焓總的吸收熱量循環(huán)熱效率汽輪機總實際焓降內(nèi)效率熱效率3085723000000.9722204223.034011146.9648122.0191712.941137.773779.3130.453241487.440.868360.38264習題3（1）設平衡活塞壓力為P1，平衡活塞汽封漏氣量為DG1 假設調(diào)節(jié)級和平衡活塞汽封均未達臨界 查得，假設成立C時，查得（2）D=495mm的軸封最后一片達臨界查得 D=432mm的軸封未達臨界查得 （3）大氣環(huán)境：最后一個軸封未達臨界（4）方法如（1） 解得 （5）（6）要外泄，則 作業(yè)4（1）（2）假設調(diào)節(jié)級為臨界工況時， 算開閥點4后的流量： 每個汽門流量為： 閥點5： 每個汽門流量為： （3） 由0點等熵交P2于點2t，得h2t=3288.99kJ/kg閥點1： 由0