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2008年成人高考高起點英語復習筆記五:形容詞和副詞第五章形容詞和副詞一、形容詞和副詞的不同句法作用 1.說明名詞用形容詞,說明動詞,形容詞或其它副詞用副詞 eg.Helookshappy. Heissinginghappily. Ex.Choosetherightwordforeachblank. 1.Billsaidthatthemixturetasted_(terrible,terribly)。 Im_(terrible,terribly)sorry,saidthewoman. 2.Thedoctorsaidthatthebabydidntlook_(healthy,healthily)。 Theymustmakesurethatalltheanimalscanlive_(healthy,healthily)inthezoo. 3.Thegasfromthebottlesmelledvery_(strange,strangely)。 Thatoldwomanlaughed_(strange,strangely)。 4.Thiskindofclothfeelsquite_(soft,softly)。 Pleaseputdownthebasketofeggs_(soft,softly)。 5.Yourideasounds_(nice,nicely)。 Look!Allthechildrenare_(nice,nicely)dressed. 2.幾個英漢使用不同的形容詞 populaion不與much連用,而與large連用; temprature,不與warm,cold連用,而與high,low連用; price不與expensive,cheap連用,而與high,low連用。 3.enough的用法 enough說明名詞,可前可后;enough說明形容詞或副詞,必須后置: eg.Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.她夠上學的年齡了。 MrGreendoesntknowverymuchEnglish,buthespeaksit_tokeepjob. A.enoughwellB.enoughgoodC.wellenoughD.goodenough 二、分清幾對形容詞和副詞 1.hard=difficult(a)困難的;努力地(adv) hardly=almostnot幾乎不(adv) eg.Hecanhardlycatchtheearlytrain,canhe? 2.friend(n)朋友 friendly(a)友好的 inafriendlyway友好地 eg.Theteacherisfriendlytous. Shelooksafterthechildreninafriendlyway. 3.high(指距離) highly高度地(指程度) eg.Theplaceflieshighinthesky. WethinkhighlyofAPEC. wide寬/widely廣泛地 deep深/deeply深深地 close靠近/closely緊密地;仔細地 A.Thewellissevenmetersdeep.-(這口井七米深。) Weweredeeplymovedbythefilm.(我們被電影深深地感動了。) B.Ourclassroomis305metershigh.-(我們教室有305米高。) Wealwaysspeakhighlyofhim.A(我們一向?qū)λu價很高。) C.Thewellissevenmetersdeep.-(這口井七米深。) Weweredeeplymovedbythefilm.(我們被電影深深地感動了。) D.Ourclassroomis305metershigh.-(我們教室有305米高。) Wealwaysspeakhighlyofhim.A(我們一向?qū)λu價很高。) E.Shessittingclosetome.(她坐在我旁邊。) F.Watchmeclosely,please.(請仔細觀察我。)成人高考高起點英語語法歸納二:形容詞、副詞及比較級最高級一。形容詞的修飾與位置 一般來說,從構詞法角度來看,后綴“l(fā)y”往往是副詞,但有的以“l(fā)y結尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞,這點要注意;形容詞一般可以在句子中做定語,表語等成份,但有些形容詞在句子中只能做表語和只能做前置定語;這些形容詞在修飾時候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意,下面做了一下歸納: 1 以-ly結尾的是形容詞而不是副詞: costly 昂貴的 lonely 孤獨的 deadly 死一般的 lively 活潑的 friendly 友好的 silly 傻氣的 kindly 熱心腸的 likely 可能的 leisurely 悠閑的 ugly 長得丑的 brotherly 兄弟般的 monthly 每月的 earthly 塵世的 2 只作以“a”開頭的很多形容詞只能做表語: afraid 害怕的 alike 相象的 awake 醒著的 alone 單獨的,惟一的 alive 活著的 ashamed 羞愧的 asleep 睡著的 aware 意識到的、察覺到的 well 健康的 content 滿意的 unable 無能的 3 只作前置定語的形容詞 earthen 泥土做的,大地的 daily 每日的 latter 后面的 golden 金子般的 weekly 每周的 inner 里面的 silken 絲一般的 monthly 每月的 outer 外面的 wooden 木制的 yearly 每年的 elder 年長的 woolen 毛織的 former 前任的 mere 僅,只不過 only 惟一的 sheer 純粹的 very 恰好的 little 小的 live 活的 4.下列動詞既是實義動詞又是系動詞,注意用做系動詞時,要求形容詞做表語: remain keep become, get, grow, go, come, turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear, look. 如:All those left undone may sound great in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty when it comes to specifics. 二。形容詞與副詞的比較級與最高級 1. 考比較級時,考生應把握: 1)形容詞和副詞比較級的形式是否和比較連詞對應出現(xiàn),即是否符合原級比較及比較級的結構。如: Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often , or better than an actual performance. Aas good as Bas good Cgood Dgood as 在這里as good as 比較連詞與better than比較連詞同時出現(xiàn)時候,不能省略任何一個介詞。答案為A On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition. 2)比較的成分是否屬于同類事物或同類概念,既是說比較要具有可比性。如: The number of registered participants in this years marathon was half . A of last years Bthose of last years Cof those of last year D that of last years (前后相比的應該是今年和去年注冊參加的人數(shù)“the number of”故代替它的應該是單數(shù)指示代詞“that”,而不能選擇B,those是指代participants,不是同類對比,答案為D. Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of dickens far more exciting than Thackerays. 3)比較級與倍數(shù)詞關系及其位置 原級結構中可插入表達倍數(shù)的詞,表示為“為。若干倍”,當與有表示倍數(shù)比較的詞在一起時候等,他們的位置是,倍數(shù)詞+asas,或倍數(shù)詞+morethan,但again一般放在原級詞之后,即 “as+原級again+as”。如: Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year than automobile accidents. A seven more times B seven times more C over seven times D seven times (答案為B) “Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?”“No, I would gladly have paid for it.” A twice so much B twice as much C as much twice D so much twice (答案為B) My uncle is as old again as I am 4)下列詞和短語不用比較級形式卻表示比較概念: inferior, minor, senior, prior, prefer to, superior, major, junior, preferable, differ from, compared with, in comparison with, different from, rather than. 如: Their watch is to all the other watches on the market. A superior B advantageous C super D beneficial (答案為A) Prior to his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter. (1986年考研題) 5)“比較級and +比較級”或“more and more/less and less +原級”以及“ever, steadily, daily等副詞比較級”結構表示“越來越”的意思,與這類結構搭配的常用動詞有grow, get ,become等。前面兩種情況更多地出現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)中,注意的是這三種情況引導的比較級后面都不需要用than.如: Things are getting worse and worse. As I spoke to him he became less and less angry. Her health was becoming daily worse The road got ever worse until there was no road at all = the road got worse and worse. 6)比較級前面可以用even, still, yet ,all the (more)等修飾語用以加強語氣,表示“更加”的意思。如 Today it is even colder than yesterday I have yet more exciting news for you 7)有關比較級的特殊句型: A): not so muchas與其說不如說 The chief reason for the population growth isnt so much a rise in birth rates a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care. A and B as Cbut D or 人口增長的主要原因與其說是因為出生率的提高,還不如說是因為醫(yī)療的進步帶來的死亡率下降的結果。答案為B B) no/not any morethan兩者一樣都不 The heart is intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. A not so Bnot much Cmuch more D no more (心臟和胃兩者都不具有智力,他們都受大腦控制。答案為D) There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, they can limit how much water you drink. A much more than B no more than C no less than D any more than (答案為D) C)no/not any lessthan兩者一樣,都注意基本上與no/not any morethan意思相反 She is no less beautiful than her sister.她和她姐姐一樣漂亮 D)just as so 正如, 也(用倒裝結構) Just as the soil is a part of the earth, the atmosphere. A as it is B the same is C so is D and so is (答案為C) 2.最高級形式應注意的問題: 1)最高級比較范圍用介詞in, over, of, among. in,(all) over用于在某一范圍內(nèi)的比較,如:in China, all over the world. of, among用于在同一群體內(nèi)同類事物的比較,如:among the teachers, of the four dresses. 注意:among相當于one of ,不說among all。這一點考生應與漢語表達區(qū)別開來 如: all visible lights, red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength. A Among B Of CFor DTo 答案為B 2)比較級形式表示最高級意義時,比較對象的范圍應用: any other +單數(shù)名詞 the other +復數(shù)名詞 the others anyone/anything else 上述詞是用業(yè)將比較級結構轉變成最高級意義的關鍵詞語,切不可遺漏,尤其是other,否則會造成邏輯混亂的錯誤。如不能說:John runs faster than anyone.注意與漢語表達的不同。 3)most可以用來修飾形容詞或副詞,意思相當于very,用法區(qū)分單復數(shù),但不能用定冠詞the,如:a most interesting book, most expensive restaurants, 要注意與 “the +形容詞最高級of + 名詞”的結構表示的最高級的區(qū)別,如: He spoke in the warmest of voices They have been most kind to me Basketball is the most popular of sports in this country. Chinese is the most difficult of language Chinese is a most difficult language 三。不用比較級和最高級的形容詞: 1)表示顏色的有:white, black 2)表示形態(tài)的有:round, square, oval, circular, triangular(三角形),level 3)表示性質(zhì)和特征的有:atomic, economic, scientific, sonic, golden, silvery, woolen, earthen, silent, full, empty, sure, dead, deaf, blind, lame, rainy 4)表示狀態(tài)作表語的有:afraid, asleep, alive, ashamed, alone, aware, alike 5)表示時間、空間和方位的有:daily, weekly, monthly, annual, present, front, back, forward, backward, east, west, south, north, left, right, final 6)表示極限、主次、等級的有:maximum, minimum, utmost, main, major, chief minor, superior, inferior, senior, junior, super, favorite 7)含有絕對概念的有:absolute, entire, whole, total, perfect, excellent, thorough, complete. 四。平行結構與比較級 平行結構很多情況下是由形容詞或副詞的比較級或者暗含比較意味的連詞引導的。如: The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes. 大多數(shù)情況下平行結構都是具有一定的比較含義的,有的是遞進對比not onlybut (also) ;preferto;rather than有的是同類對比:and ;but;or;both and;eitheror; neithernor 平行結構測試時候注意以下幾點: 1.注意比較結構中相比較的內(nèi)容在語法形式上是否相同。如: It is better to die ones feet than . Aliving on ones knees Blive on ones knees Con ones knees Dto live on ones knees (答案為D) Despite the temporary difficulties, the manager prefers increasing the output to decreasing it. 2.其他具有并列或比較意義的短語也可引導平行結構。 1)rather than, let alone 雖不是并列連詞,但在結構上連接兩個語法形式相同的成分。如: We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style in a personal style. Arather than Bother than Cbetter than Dless than 答案為A For the new country to survive, for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required. A to name a few Blet alone Cnot to speak Dlets say (答案為B) 2)如果平行的兩個成分在形式上是介詞短語,而且介詞相同,一般說來第二個介詞不要省略。如: At times, more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than into the writing of the features and editorials成考高起點英語副詞誤用辨析! 作者: 發(fā)布時間:2009-01-13 14:25:59 點擊:7411.中文:這塊石頭太大了沒人能舉起它。 (誤)Here is a so big stone that no one can lift it.(正)Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.(so是副詞,修飾形容詞,形式是so形容詞a單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。)2.中文:這花多美?。。ㄕ`)What beautiful the flower is?。ㄕ〩ow beautiful the flower is?。╤ow用來修飾副詞或形容詞,而what用來修飾名詞。)3.中文:這工作永遠不會被完成。(誤)This job will be never finished.(正)This job will never be finished.(頻率副詞在第一個助動詞后。)4.中文:我的弟弟比我高多了。(誤)My brother is very taller than I.(正)My brother is much taller than I.(very不能修飾比較級;much可以修飾比較級。)5.中文:我想我七點會在餐廳里見到她。(誤)I think Ill meet her at 7:00 at the restaurant.(正)I think Ill meet her at the restaurant at 7:00.(地方副詞在時間副詞前。)6.中文:這房間對你夠大的。(誤)This room is enough large for you.(正)This room is large enough for you.(enough作副詞,在被修飾的形容詞后。)7.中文:我也不能做它。(誤)I cannot do it too.(正)I cannot do it either.(either用于否定句;too用于肯定句。)8.中文:他每天早起。(誤)He gets up early everyday.(正)He gets up early every day.(every day是時間副詞;everyday是形容詞。)9.中文:我要下樓去。(誤)Im going to downstairs.(正)Im going downstairs.(downstairs是副詞,前面不加介詞。)10.中文:你的故事很有趣。(誤)Your story is the most interesting.(正)Your story is most interesting.(most不用于比較,而用作加強語氣,不加the.)11.中文:我兩年前見過他。(誤)I met him two years before.(正)I met him two years ago.(表示一段時間以前,ago用于一般過去時;before用于過去完成時。)12.中文:他們昨天晚上回來得晚。(誤)They came back lately last night.(正)They came back late last night.(lately(最近),late(晚,遲),都是副詞。)2008年成人高考高起點英語復習筆記五:形容詞和副詞一、形容詞和副詞的不同句法作用 1.說明名詞用形容詞,說明動詞,形容詞或其它副詞用副詞 eg.Helookshappy. Heissinginghappily. Ex.Choosetherightwordforeachblank. 1.Billsaidthatthemixturetasted_(terrible,terribly)。 Im_(terrible,terribly)sorry,saidthewoman. 2.Thedoctorsaidthatthebabydidntlook_(healthy,healthily)。 Theymustmakesurethatalltheanimalscanlive_(healthy,healthily)inthezoo. 3.Thegasfromthebottlesmelledvery_(strange,strangely)。 Thatoldwomanlaughed_(strange,strangely)。 4.Thiskindofclothfeelsquite_(soft,softly)。 Pleaseputdownthebasketofeggs_(soft,softly)。 5.Yourideasounds_(nice,nicely)。 Look!Allthechildrenare_(nice,nicely)dressed. 2.幾個英漢使用不同的形容詞 populaion不與much連用,而與large連用; temprature,不與warm,cold連用,而與high,low連用; price不與expensive,cheap連用,而與high,low連用。 3.enough的用法 enough說明名詞,可前可后;enough說明形容詞或副詞,必須后置: eg.Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.她夠上學的年齡了。 MrGreendoesntknowverymuchEnglish,buthespeaksit_tokeepjob. A.enoughwellB.enoughgoodC.wellenoughD.goodenough 二、分清幾對形容詞和副詞 1.hard=difficult(a)困難的;努力地(adv) hardly=almostnot幾乎不(adv) eg.Hecanhardlycatchtheearlytrain,canhe? 2.friend(n)朋友 friendly(a)友好的 inafriendlyway友好地 eg.Theteacherisfriendlytous. Shelooksafterthechildreninafriendlyway. 3.high(指距離) highly高度地(指程度) eg.Theplaceflieshighinthesky. WethinkhighlyofAPEC. wide寬/widely廣泛地 deep深/deeply深深地 close靠近/closely緊密地;仔細地 A.Thewellissevenmetersdeep.-(這口井七米深。) Weweredeeplymovedbythefilm.(我們被電影深深地感動了。) B.Ourclassroomis305metershigh.-(我們教室有305米高。) Wealwaysspeakhighlyofhim.A(我們一向?qū)λu價很高。) C.Thewellissevenmetersdeep.-(這口井七米深。) Weweredeeplymovedbythefilm.(我們被電影深深地感動了。) D.Ourclassroomis305metershigh.-(我們教室有305米高。) Wealwaysspeakhighlyofhim.A(我們一向?qū)λu價很高。) E.Shessittingclosetome.(她坐在我旁邊。) F.Watchmeclosely,please.(請仔細觀察我。)2008年成人高考高起點英語復習筆記五:形容詞和副詞第五章形容詞和副詞一、形容詞和副詞的不同句法作用 1.說明名詞用形容詞,說明動詞, 形容詞或其它副詞用副詞 eg. He looks happy. He is singing happily. Ex.Choose the right word for each blank. 1. Bill said that the mixture tasted_(terrible,terribly)。 Im_(terrible,terribly) sorry,said the woman. 2. The doctor said that the baby didnt look_(healthy, healthily)。 They must make sure that all the animals can live_(healthy, healthily)in the zoo. 3. The gas from the bottle smelled very_(strange, strangely)。 That old woman laughed_(strange, strangely)。 4. This kind of cloth feels quite_(soft, softly)。 Please put down the basket of eggs_(soft, softly)。 5. Your idea sounds_(nice, nicely)。 Look! All the children are_(nice, nicely) dressed. 2.幾個英漢使用不同的形容詞 populaion不與much連用,而與large連用; temprature,不與warm,cold連用,而與high, low連用; price不與expensive,cheap連用,而與high, low連用。 3.enough的用法 enough說明名詞,可前可后 ;enough說明形容詞或副詞,必須后置: eg. She is old enough to go to school. 她夠上學的年齡了。 Mr Green doesnt know very much English, but he speaks it _to keep job. A.enough well B.enough good C.well enough D.good enough 二、分清幾對形容詞和副詞 1. hard=difficult(a)困難的; 努力地(adv) hardly=almost not幾乎不(adv) eg.He can hardly catch the early train, can he? 2. friend(n)朋友 friendly(a)友好的 in a friendly way友好地 eg.The teacher is friendly to us. She looks after the children in a friendly way. 3. high(指距離) highly高度地(指程度) eg. The place flies high in the sky. We think highly of APEC. wide寬/widely廣泛地 deep深/deeply深深地 close靠近/closely緊密地;仔細地 A. The well is seven meters deep.-(這口井七米深。) We were deeply moved by the film.(我們被電影深深地感動了。) B. Our classroom is 305 meters high.-(我們教室有305米高。) We always speak highly of him.A(我們一向?qū)λu價很高。) C. The well is seven meters deep.-(這口井七米深。) We were deeply moved by the film.(我們被電影深深地感動了。) D. Our classroom is 305 meters high.-(我們教室有305米高。) We always speak highly of him.A(我們一向?qū)λu價很高。) E.Shes sitting close to me.(她坐在我旁邊。) F. Watch me closely , please.(請仔細觀察我。)成人高考專升本英語歷年真題歸類匯編形容詞與副詞形容詞與副詞 重點:比較級、最高級的構成及其用法1.I dont trust him at all. His smiles always make me _.A. feeling sick B. be sick C. being sick D. sick2.The car he bought in Japan looks similarly to the one he has been driving for several years.3.Her face is _ to me, but I cant remember where I saw her.A. similar B. friendly C. alike D. familiar4.Hes _ to know the answer.A. likely B. probable C. maybe D. probably5.He was in poverty at the time. _ he wouldnt have accepted the money.A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Then6.Spanish people usually speak _ than English people.A. quicklier B. more quicklier C. more quickly D. quicker7.Of the two new teachers. Who do you like _?A. much B. better C. well D. the most8.The stars we see at night are really huge suns like our sun, but they are more far away in space.9.-I think that red dress would suit me, wouldnt it?-Yes, but I think blue is a _ color for you.A. well B. good C.
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