《軟件工程-實(shí)踐者的研究方法》chapter-21-cn-項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度安排

TheseslidesaredesignedtoaccompanySoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 7 e McGraw Hill 2009 Slidescopyright2009byRogerPressman 1 第二十一章 項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度安排 SlideSettoaccompanySoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 7 ebyRogerS PressmanSlidescopyright 1996 2001 2005 2009byRogerS PressmanFornon profiteducationaluseonlyMaybereproducedONLYforstudentuseattheuniversitylevelwhenusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 7 e Anyotherreproductionoruseisprohibitedwithouttheexpresswrittenpermissionoftheauthor AllcopyrightinformationMUSTappeariftheseslidesarepostedonawebsiteforstudentuse 為什么項(xiàng)目會(huì)延期 不切實(shí)際的項(xiàng)目結(jié)束期限客戶(hù)需求發(fā)生變更 這種變更沒(méi)有在項(xiàng)目變更進(jìn)度表上預(yù)先安排對(duì)完成該工作所需的工作量和 或資源數(shù)量估計(jì)不足在項(xiàng)目開(kāi)始的時(shí)候 沒(méi)有考慮可預(yù)測(cè)的 或不可預(yù)測(cè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)出現(xiàn)了事先無(wú)法預(yù)計(jì)的技術(shù)難題出現(xiàn)了實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)法估計(jì)的人力問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)了項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)成員之間的交流不暢而導(dǎo)致的延期項(xiàng)目管理者未能發(fā)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)目拖后 也未能采取措施來(lái)解決這一問(wèn)題 ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 6 eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR S Pressman Associates Inc copyright 1996 2001 2005 2 調(diào)度策略 定義 定義明確的任務(wù)并分解任務(wù)相互依賴(lài)性 明確任務(wù)之間的關(guān)系工作量確認(rèn) 確認(rèn)資源存在確定職責(zé) 每個(gè)任務(wù)都應(yīng)該指定特定的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員定義結(jié)果 每個(gè)任務(wù)都必須有結(jié)果定義里程碑 質(zhì)量評(píng)審 ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 6 eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR S Pressman Associates Inc copyright 1996 2001 2005 3 工作量和交付時(shí)間的關(guān)系 ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 6 eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR S Pressman Associates Inc copyright 1996 2001 2005 4 工作量分配 前端 活動(dòng)客戶(hù)溝通分析設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)審和修改構(gòu)造活動(dòng)代碼和代碼生成測(cè)試和安裝單元 集成白盒 黑盒回歸 ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 6 eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR S Pressman Associates Inc copyright 1996 2001 2005 5 40 50 30 40 15 20 定義任務(wù)集 定義項(xiàng)目類(lèi)型評(píng)估需要流程的嚴(yán)格程度識(shí)別適應(yīng)性策略選擇合適的軟件工程任務(wù) ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 6 eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR S Pressman Associates Inc copyright 1996 2001 2005 6 任務(wù)集精化 ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 6 eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR S Pressman Associates Inc copyright 1996 2001 2005 7 1 1Conceptscopingdeterminestheoverallscopeoftheproject Taskdefinition Task1 1ConceptScoping1 1 1Identifyneed benefitsandpotentialcustomers 1 1 2Definedesiredoutput controlandinputeventsthatdrivetheapplication BeginTask1 1 21 1 2 1FTR ReviewwrittendescriptionofneedFTRindicatesthataformaltechnicalreview Chapter26 istobeconducted 1 1 2 2Derivealistofcustomervisibleoutputs inputs1 1 2 3FTR Reviewoutputs inputswithcustomerandreviseasrequired endtaskTask1 1 21 1 3Definethefunctionality behaviorforeachmajorfunction BeginTask1 1 31 1 3 1FTR Reviewoutputandinputdataobjectsderivedintask1 1 2 1 1 3 2Deriveamodeloffunctions behaviors 1 1 3 3FTR Reviewfunctions behaviorswithcustomerandreviseasrequired endtaskTask1 1 31 1 4Isolatethoseelementsofthetechnologytobeimplementedinsoftware 1 1 5Researchavailabilityofexistingsoftware 1 1 6Definetechnicalfeasibility 1 1 7Makequickestimateofsize 1 1 8CreateaScopeDefinition endTaskdefinition Task1 1 isrefinedto 定義任務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò) ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 6 eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR S Pressman Associates Inc copyright 1996 2001 2005 8 時(shí)序圖 ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 6 eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR S Pressman Associates Inc copyright 1996 2001 2005 9 Tasks Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Weekn Task1 Task2 Task3 Task4 Task5 Task6 Task7 Task8 Task9 Task10 Task11 Task12 使用自動(dòng)化工具生成一個(gè)時(shí)序圖 ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 6 eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR S Pressman Associates Inc copyright 1996 2001 2005 10 進(jìn)度跟蹤 定期舉行項(xiàng)目狀態(tài)會(huì)議 由項(xiàng)目組的成員分別報(bào)告進(jìn)度和存在問(wèn)題評(píng)估所有在軟件工程過(guò)程中所進(jìn)行的評(píng)審的結(jié)果判斷正式的項(xiàng)目里程碑是否在預(yù)定日期內(nèi)完成比較項(xiàng)目表中列出的各項(xiàng)任務(wù)的實(shí)際開(kāi)始日期與計(jì)劃開(kāi)始日期與開(kāi)發(fā)者進(jìn)行非正式會(huì)談 獲取他們對(duì)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展以及可能出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題的客觀評(píng)價(jià)通過(guò)分析獲得值來(lái)定量地評(píng)估項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展 ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 6 eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR S Pressman Associates Inc copyright 1996 2001 2005 11 OO項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展 I 技術(shù)里程碑 OO分析結(jié)束已經(jīng)定義和評(píng)審了所有的類(lèi)和類(lèi)層次已經(jīng)定義和評(píng)審了 技術(shù)里程碑 OO設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)束已經(jīng)確定和評(píng)審了子系統(tǒng)的集合 ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 6 eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR S Pressman Associates Inc copyright 1996 2001 2005 12 OO項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展 II 技術(shù)里程碑 OO編程結(jié)束按照設(shè)計(jì)模型 每一個(gè)新類(lèi)都已經(jīng)編碼實(shí)現(xiàn) 已經(jīng)構(gòu)造了原型或增量技術(shù)里程碑 OO測(cè)試已經(jīng)評(píng)審了OO分析和設(shè)計(jì)模型的正確性和完整性 完成了系統(tǒng)級(jí)測(cè)試 ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 6 eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR S Pressman Associates Inc copyright 1996 2001 2005 13 獲得值分析 EVA 獲得值進(jìn)展的一種度量允許我們使用量化的方法 而不是通過(guò)感覺(jué) 來(lái)評(píng)估 完成的百分比 早在項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展的前15 提供精確的和可靠的團(tuán)隊(duì)工作效率 ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 6 eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR S Pressman Associates Inc copyright 1996 2001 2005 14 計(jì)算獲得值分析 I 為進(jìn)度表中的每個(gè)工作任務(wù)確定其預(yù)計(jì)工作的預(yù)算成本 BCWS BCWSi是每個(gè)工作i需要的工作量 為了確定在項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度表中某特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)的項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展?fàn)顩r BCWS的值是在項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度表中該時(shí)間點(diǎn)應(yīng)該完成的所有工作任務(wù)的BCWSi值之和 所有工作任務(wù)的BCWS值加起來(lái) 可計(jì)算出完成工作的預(yù)算 BAC 因此 BAC BCWSk 對(duì)于所有的任務(wù)k ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering APractitioner sApproach 6 eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR S Pressman Associates Inc copyright 1996 2001 2005 15 計(jì)算獲得值分析 II 接著 計(jì)算已經(jīng)完成工作的預(yù)算成本 budgetedcostofworkperformed BCWP BCWP的值是在項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度表中該時(shí)間點(diǎn)已經(jīng)實(shí)際完成的所有工作任務(wù)的BCWS值之和 BCWS與BCWP的不同點(diǎn)是 前者表示計(jì)劃將完成的工作的預(yù)算 而后者表示已實(shí)際完成的工作的預(yù)算 WIL99 給定BCWS BAC 與BCWP 可以計(jì)算重要的進(jìn)展指標(biāo) 進(jìn)度表執(zhí)行指標(biāo) SPI BCWP BCWS進(jìn)度表偏差