《英文語法詞類》PPT課件

詞類英語中的詞可以根據(jù)詞義，句法作用和形式特征分為十大詞類。,詞類英語名稱作用名詞Nouns(n.)表示人或物的名稱形容詞Adjectives(adj.)表示人或物的特征數(shù)詞Numerals(num.)表示數(shù)目或順序代詞Pronouns(pron.)代替名詞，數(shù)詞等動(dòng)詞Verbs(v.)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)副詞Adverbs(adv.)表示動(dòng)作特征或形狀特征冠詞Articles(art.)用在名詞前,幫助說明其意義介詞Prepositions(prep)用在名詞,代詞等前，說明與別的詞之間的關(guān)系連詞Conjunctions(conj.)用來連接詞與詞或句與句感嘆詞Interjections(interj.)表示說話時(shí)的感情或口氣,一、名詞名詞在句中可用作主語、表語、賓語、定語、同位語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)例如：Isitacolorfilm?是彩色影片嗎？(定語)2.ThePartyhasgreatconcernforusstudents.（同位語）3.Themeetinglastedanhour.(狀語)4.WeelectedTomourmonitor.(賓補(bǔ)),二、形容詞形容詞可作定語、表語、賓補(bǔ)、狀語。例如：1.Thepenisnice.2.Itisawonderfulfilm.3.Wholeftthedooropen.4.Hespentsevendaysinthewindandsnow,coldandhungry.他又冷又餓地、在風(fēng)雨中過了七天。大多數(shù)形容詞既可作定語又可作表語，少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語不能作定語。如：alone,afraid,asleep,awake,alive,ashamed,aware,三、副詞副詞主要用來作狀語，可修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。例如：Youworkhard.比較：Thosearehardwork.verygood/niceverywellFirstofallwemustmakethebestuseofourtime.首先我們要充分利用好我們的時(shí)間。副詞在句中的位置。a.放在動(dòng)詞后面。b.如果是及物動(dòng)詞一般就放在賓語后面。1.Everythingwentsmoothly.一切進(jìn)行得很順利。2.Youshouldntstayuptoolate.3.Shediditcarefully.,頻度副詞放在系助情之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。hardly,always,usually,often,seldom,never,already,almost,just等。例如：1.她很少生病。Sheisseldomill.2.你們經(jīng)常舉行這樣的晚會(huì)嗎？Doyouoftenholdsuchparties?3.他從來不遲到。Hehasneverbeenlate.,四、動(dòng)詞-作謂語類型特點(diǎn)例句及物動(dòng)詞vt.跟賓語Youarestudyingmaths.不及物動(dòng)詞vi.不跟賓語,無被動(dòng)語態(tài)Westudyforourselves.系動(dòng)詞link.v跟表語IbecameaLeaguememberin2007.助動(dòng)詞aux.v跟動(dòng)詞原形（無意思）Willyoubeintonight?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞mod.v跟動(dòng)詞原形（有意思）Wemustbemodest.（謙虛）,在很多情況下，一個(gè)動(dòng)詞可以用作不同類動(dòng)詞：1.Theyarehavingameeting.2.Hehasgonetothecinema.3.Howdoyoudo?4.Pleasedomeafavor.5.Youneedntworry.6.Weneedyourhelp.7.Youdontlookverywelltoday.8.WearelookingforwardtoMayDay.,(vt.),(aux.v.),(aux.v.),(vt.),(vt.),(mod.v.),(link.v.),(vi.),特別是有很多動(dòng)詞，既可作及物動(dòng)詞，又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。比較；1.WemustspreadthespiritofOlympics.vt.2.Thenewssoonspreadalloverthecity.vi.3.Ithinkyouareright?vt.4.Weoftenthinkofyou.vi.,五.介詞介詞不能在句中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，須和一個(gè)名詞或與之相當(dāng)?shù)臇|西構(gòu)成介詞短語，來充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。和介詞構(gòu)成短語的那個(gè)部分稱為介詞的賓語。能充當(dāng)介詞的賓語有名詞，代詞，動(dòng)名詞，以及由連接代（副）詞引導(dǎo)的從句或不定式。例如：Itsgoingtobewindytomorrowaccordingtotheweatherforecast.2.HowmuchluggagecanItakewithme?3.WellkeeponlearningEnglish.4.Imthinkingofhowwecanfulfilthetaskaheadoftime.5.Hegavealessononhowtoimprovethesoil.,介詞短語在句中可作狀語，定語，表語。例如；Thankyouforremindingmeofit.狀語2.Whatistheadvantageofdoingallthis?定語3.Heisaresponsiblemaninspiteofhisshortcomings.4.Thesepeopleareonlyafterfameandposition.表語5.Theyareoutoftouchwithreality.表語6.Mostoftheproductsondisplayarenewones.定語,狀語,六、連詞連詞也是一種虛詞，它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分，而只起連接詞與詞、短語與短語。以及句與句的作用。如：Harryup,orwellbelate.Arewetohavethecontesttodayortomorrow?Studyhard,andyoullmakeprogress.連詞主要分為兩類并列連詞連接平行的詞、詞組或分句從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)從句,并列連詞：and,but,or,so,therefore,yet,however,for,bothand,notonlybutalso,eitheror,neithernor,then,aswellas等并列連詞可分為：1.表示轉(zhuǎn)折：but,yet,however2.表示因果關(guān)系:for,so,thereforeeg.Youdbetterputonyoursweater,foritsrathercoldoutside.Itwasalreadyratherlate,sowedecidedtogohome.Youareright,thereforeweshouldsupportyou.,3.并列連詞：and,or,bothand,notonlybutalso,eitheror,neithernor,aswellas等Eg.我看過他的一本小說，也看過他的幾本劇本。Ihavereadoneofhisnovelsaswellasafewofhisplays.他們工作一不為名，二不為利Theyworkedneitherforfamenorforpersonalgains.請(qǐng)你今天或明天來。Comeeithertodayortomorrow.,從屬連詞1引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句after,when,before,as,while,since,until,till,once,assoonas,2.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句because,nowthat既然,since既然,as,seeingthat=since等。例如：Nowthatyoursoniswellagain,younolongerhaveanythingtoworryabout.Sinceyoudontwanttogo,wewontforceyouto.,3引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句if,evenif,unless,aslongas,incase(that),oncondition(that)只要，suppose=supposing假設(shè),provided/providing(that)等Illlendyouthebookoncondition(that)your