HW_U6B4 教師版.doc

Online Homework_U6B4I. Reading ComprehensionSection A Fast Reading 1 Every summer about a dozen journalists gather at a former army training camp north of London to spend the day watching the training of Londons special armed police unit. These are the people who regularly have to tackle the increasing number of criminals who are prepared to carry guns. 2 The journalists also get a chance to shoot a gun on the practice rangenone of it seems that difficult, and we put most of the bullets somewhere on the target. But then we move on to the next stage of the training, where some of the problems, which actually crop up on the street are imitated. The lights on the range are dimmed and we are stood in front of a large screen. We still have guns, but the bullets are fake, and videos are played where actors act out various types of situations. 3 Does the man holding a woman in front of him really have a gun or not? Is the man apparently preparing to surrender really going to, or is he going to raise the gun in front of him and shoot? We have to decide whether to shoot and when, just like the police officer has to when faced with this situation for real. The journalists results here were not so impressive. I am afraid we killed many an innocent person carrying nothing more lethal than a stick. 4 The debate over whether more police in Britain should be armed with guns has been going on for years. The current policy is to have a small number of specialists available in each of the 43 police departments in Britain. They are kept up to scratch with intensive and regular training. 5 But the wisdom of that policy has been questioned as the amount of violence encountered by the police has grown. It is usually the ordinary street officer who is on the wrong end of this, rather than the armed experts who arrive rather later. 6 To see the direction in which the British police are heading, consider the experience of the Northumbria police who have responsibility for law and order in 5,000 square kilometers of Northeast England. The population is 1.5 million, living in rural areas and a few urban centers. The 3,600 police officers in the force deal with all the typical problems thrown up by the Britain of the 1990s. 7 John Stevens, head of the Northumbria Police Department, has just published his review of the past years. During 1994, for example, 61 officers (54 men and 7 women) were forced into early retirement after being attacked on duty. Before being allowed to leave the police for medical reasons, they lost between them 12,000 days on sick leave: the equivalent of 50 police officers off the street for a full year. 8 Stevens makes this observation: “The personal cost of policing has never been so high. One -third of the officers leaving were disabled in the very worst degree and will suffer for the rest of their lives for their efforts in the fight against crime.” 9 This picture of a policemans lot could be repeated in many other parts of Britain, yet the police themselves still oppose more widespread arming of their officers. The most recent survey, conducted last year, showed that only 46% were in favor. 10 The general public, however, likes the idea: 67% favored wider issuing of guns. But they, of course, would not have to carry them and maybe even use them. Recalling my own experience shooting a gun on the practice range, I certainly would not want the responsibility. 11 It is clear to everyone that the police need more protection against the gun and the knife. They already carry longer clubs to replace the old ones. They have access to knife-resistant coats and gloves. 12 The likely next step is agreement from the government to test pepper spray, an organic substance derived from peppers that disables an attacker if sprayed in his face. If used properly, the discomfort, although extreme, is only temporary. Provided the spray is washed away with water, recovery should be complete within a couple of hours. Unpleasant, certainly, but better than being shot. 13 Many people in Britain would not mind seeing their police with longer clubs or even pepper spray. They would just like to see them. I have lost count of the times we have been filming police officers on the street when local residents have come up to us and told us it is the first time in weeks they have seen police in the area. 14 Actually the biggest threat to the traditional image and role of police officers does not come from guns and armed crime but the increase in the tasks we expect the police to carry out. New laws and police priorities are taking up so much time that many forces simply cannot afford to let their officers walk up and down the streets. Politicians are now asking members of the public to watch the streets. In some prosperous areas, local people pay private security firms. 15 Many officers believe it is all these extra duties, rather than the fear of being shot, that have really changed their role. In future, if you want to know what time it is there might not be much point asking a policeman. He either will not be there to ask or will not have the time to answer. Statements based on the passage:1. Every summer some journalists gather at a former training camp just to watch the training of Londons special armed police unit. 2. Actors imitate the situations which may actually occur on the streets in front of the journalists, who are asked to make difficult decisions. 3. Most of the decisions made by the journalists about whether and when to shoot were wrong. 4. A large number of the armed specialists are hired mainly for the dangerous tasks. 5. Usually it is the armed specialist who is in trouble, not the ordinary street officer. 6. Police officers cant ask for leave for medical reasons until they are disabled in the fight against crime. 7. More than half of the police officers dont like the idea of widespread arming partly because they dont want to take on more responsibilities. 8. Local residents can seldom see police officers walking on the streets because the police officers know that the public are asked to watch the streets themselves. 9. In fact, the biggest threat to the traditional image and role of police officers does not come from guns and armed crime but the increase in the tasks people expect the police to carry out. 10. Most street officers believe that extra duties changed their role. Section B Passage ReadingPassage 1 Most people would agree that bribery has a corrosive (腐蝕的) effect on international commerce and that the practice of bribery introduces monetary inefficiencies into commercial transactions. Despite this, its been practiced for yearssometimes by people who would readily agree with the preceding sentence. In 1977, spurred by the post-Watergate mood in the United States and the then surprising admission by many large US corporations that they sometimes bribed foreign officials to obtain business, Congress enacted (頒布) the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Today the FCPA covers all companies and individuals (US or foreign, including foreign officials) offering bribes in the United States, and US nationals and companies incorporated (組成) in the United States that participate in corrupt practices in any fashion outside the United States. Until the late 1990s, the United States was the only conutry doing this, and American companies trading or investing overseas were often heard to complain they faced two unpleasant options: bribing foreign officials snd risking FCPA prosecution or refusing to engage in bribery and losing the contract. The tide of commercial opinion is turning, however, and more international treaties and conventions combating bribery and corruptin have been passed in the last few years than in any other period in history. The most significant development is the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions that went into effect in 1999. The OECD Convention focuses on eliminating the supply side of briberythat is, eliminating the acceptance of bribes by those officials. As of July 2001, 34 countries including Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Norway and Sweden had already passed laws making bribery of foreign officials illegal. In 1996, the 34-member Organization of American States approved the Inter-American Convention Against Corruption designed to eliminate bribery and corruption in the member countries.11. The US FCPA law forbids the following to offer bribes EXCEPT_. A. American companies founded in the US B. American people doing business outside the US C. foreign companies doing business outside the US D. foreign companies founded in the US12. Whats the focus of the OECD Convention?A. It focuses on enacting the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.B. It focuses on the demand side of bribery. C. It focuses on punishing those companies which bribe foreign officials.D. It focuses on eliminating the acceptance of bribes. 13. What were the two options American Companies faced in the late 1990s? A. Bribing foreign officials or signing the contract.B. Trading overseas or trading at home. C. Risking FCPA prosecution or losing the contract. D. Combating corruption or eliminating bribery. 14. The best title for this passage should be “_”.A. The Severe Harm Bribery Done to International Business B. Elimination of Bribery and CorruptionC. BriberyA Norm in Many CountriesD. The Combat Against Bribery and Similar Measures Enforced 15. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. International business has been holding the identical attitude towards bribery.B. Some American firms complained the FCPA was not fair to their business dealings.C. The US is not closely related to the international treaties combating bribery.D. More treaties and conventions combating bribery were passed in the past decade.Passage 2 The economic effects of the terrorist attacks in the United States are spreading across the country and the world. The attacks in New York City and Washington D.C. have hurt many businesses, especially the airline industry and financial markets. Many companies have been forced to dismiss thousands of workers. Many individual states are concerned about their economic future.Since the attacks on September 11, the stock market suffered major losses. The Dow Jones industrial average lost seven percent of its value. The other major measures of the value of American stocks fell to their lowest levels in three years. Some economic experts say the drop in the value of stocks could directly affect long-term spending. They say it may cause people to lose trust in the economy and spend less money. Businesses across the country already have reported decreases in sales. Experts note that the American economy was close to a recession even before the attacks.The airline industry was probably hardest hit by the attacks. The nations skies were temporarily closed to all air travel. Travellers remain frightened and are avoiding flying. High fuel and labour costs are making the situation worse. The airlines are losing hundreds of millions of dollars each day.There are also concerns about the economic effects of any military action. This could raise the price of oil. Production could be reduced if a large number of part time troops are called to active duty. Trade could be restricted.On Monday, the United States Federal Reserve lowered interest rates. The action was designed to support the economy by making it easier for people and businesses to borrow money. The European Central Bank took similar action.The Bush administration and Congress are considering several tax and spending proposals. President Bush has already signed into law a forty-thousand-million dollar emergency spending plan.16. What industries have suffered most from the attacks?A. The textile industry. B. The airline industry and financial markets.C. The tourist industry. D. The motor-vehicle industry. 17. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Immediately after the attacks, most flights were temporarily canceled in the USA. B. Since the attacks on September 11, the stock market suffered major losses. C. The drop in the value of stocks may not influence peoples trust in the economy. D. The European Central Bank took no action to deal with the recession. 18. In response to the action taken by the United States Federal reserve, the European Central Bank had to _.A. dismiss thousands of workersB. raise the price of oilC. lower interest ratesD. borrow some money from the government19. Which of the following economic effects of the terrorist attacks in the United States is NOT mentioned in this passage? A. The airline industry was severely hit by the attacks. B. The price of oil could be raised and trade could be restricted. C. The drop in the value of stocks could directly affect long-term spending.D. Resources that could have been used to enhance the productive capacity will now be used for security.20. Whats the main topic of the passage? A. Terrorism and National Security.B. World Financial Markets. C. The Economic Effects of the September 11th terrorist attack. D. Possible ways to combat inflation. Section C Reading in Depth In the past several years, many news stories about corporate greed have come to surface. The illegal practices of some executives have negatively 21 our economy. What makes this worse is that these 22 seem to have the consent of some political leaders. Some of the executives even 23 lawmakers. Recently a member of Congress from California was caught demanding gifts from interest groups in exchange for 24 new laws. A few top leaders in the government are under 25 for illegal activities. This doesnt even scratch the 26 of the problem. A few years back a company made many purposeful accounting errors to fool 27 . Many believe that one reason the problem become so big was that our nations top leaders 28 the company. By the time the truth was unveiled, many innocent people had lost their entire 29 . There seems to be more and more companies that exploited the publics trust for their own interests. This calls for laws and strict 30 to put the illegal practice to an end.Word BankA. accounting B. bribeC. challengesD. consultantE. decidedF. deficiencyG. executivesH. impactedI. investigationJ. investorsK. regulationsL. savingsM. shieldedN. supporting O. surfaceII.V&SSection A Word Building 31. China has changed from being a country where the great majority was _ to one where the great majority is literate. (literate)32. We are making _ to fly Mr. Goodall to the nearest hospital. (prepare)33. Now that the financing has been secured, the production of the film is _ (assure) 34. In the evening we were treated to a _ performance by this very fine actor. (distinguish)35. I offered my _ for those staff with the heavy workload to deal with, but I know for sure that there are no ways to help them at the present. (understand)36. Shed had the _ to sell her house just before house prices came down. (sight) 37. Were collecting money to build a house for homeless people. Would you like to make a _. (donate) 38. The trade representative said, “We have demonstrated extraordinary patience and are open to further _ in the 30 days before our decision becomes effective.” (negotiate) 39. Even its critics acknowledge that Los Angeles has wonderful weather and _ scenery. (impress)40. Your top _ must be given to those projects designed to give you greater freedom of choice and more free time in the long term. (prior)Section B Word Replacement 41. The champion was unexpectedly knocked out of the tournament in the first round. A. allowed to leaveB. destroyed inC. defeated inD. refused by42. Some of what we are talking about should be kept secret, thus it should be discussed in private. A. quietlyB. secretlyC. brieflyD. confidently43. After running through the numbers in every possible combination, we finally hit on a solution.A. came up withB. came over C. took acrossD. took part in44. He tries to explain how this particular proposal squared with the governments purposes. A. was againstB. was consistent withC. was filled withD. was equaled with45. One can imagine combining two of these views, but in practice they have remained separate. A. properly B. generallyC. in realityD. in some extent46. Suppose you were offered a bribe in exchange for a promise, what would you doreceive it or stand by your principles? A. believe inB. give upC. keep toD. adapt to 47. Gary presents a full picture of the behavior, good and bad, which he encountered at the workplace. A. participated in B. suffered fromC. addicted to D. met with 48. Your last composition wasnt up to scratch. You really ought to make more effort. A. objectiveB. satisfactoryC. fantasticD. remarkable49. It was true that a major problem had just cropped up which demanded immediate attention. A. solved quickly B. appeared unexpectedlyC. imposed suddenly D. understood suddenly 50. These differences may derive from general social and political climate. A. provide forB. obtain with