小升初一般過去時(shí)態(tài)講解

智翔教育 中小學(xué)個(gè)性化教學(xué)專家智翔教育學(xué)員個(gè)性化輔導(dǎo)教案輔導(dǎo)科目：英語 授課教師：王曉瑩 學(xué)生年級(jí)：上課時(shí)間 課題一般過去時(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 掌握一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成2. 掌握一般過去時(shí)的用法3. 掌握一般過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)1. 掌握一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成2. 掌握一般過去時(shí)的用法3. 掌握一般過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則教 案10 一般過去時(shí)的用法一、概念表示在的過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常在句子里找到表示過去時(shí)間的詞或詞組。如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday（前天），last night，last week，last month， last year，a moment ago（剛才），just now（剛才）， two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。如： I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11：00睡覺。二過去時(shí)態(tài)的用法1在表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里存在的狀態(tài)的句子，系動(dòng)詞用過式was，were構(gòu)成。如：（1）I was at home yesterday.昨天我在家。（2）We were in the gym just now. 剛才我們?cè)隗w育館。2在表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用動(dòng)詞的過去式構(gòu)成。如：I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜訪了我的叔叔。三、動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律(一)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式1一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-ed；looklooked playplayed startstarted visitvisited2以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加-d；livelived useused3以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先將 y 改為i ,再加 ed；studystudied trytried flyflied4以重讀閉音節(jié)（即輔音元音輔音）或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后，再加 ed。stopstoppedplanplanned preferpreferred(二)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式1改變動(dòng)詞中的元音；beginbegan drinkdrank comecame eatate growgrew runran knowknew winwon speakspoketaketook writewrote getgotgo-wentswim-swam draw-drew make-made break-broke sit-satride-rode drive-drove sing-sang give-gave 2 變?cè)~尾的d 為t ；buildbuilt（建造） lendlent(借出) sendsent(寄，送) spendspent（花費(fèi)） bendbent（彎曲）3與動(dòng)詞原形一樣；cutcut putput costcost hurthurt shutshut beat-beat4變-ay 為-aid (少數(shù)動(dòng)詞)；saysaid paypaid laylaid 5采用不同詞根；sellsold teachtaught buybought think-thought catch-caught bring-brought 6.把eep改為ept： keep-kept（保持） sweep-swept（打掃） sleep-slept（睡覺） 7其他。am/iswas arewere have/hashad dodid四、加“-ed”后的讀音方法1.ed加在清輔音后面讀/t/。finished /-t/ helped /-t/ asked /-t/2.ed加在濁輔音或元音結(jié)尾的，讀/d/。played /-d/ lived /-d/ enjoyed /-d/3.ed加在/t/或/d/后面，讀/id/。wanted /-tid/ needed /-did/ visited /-tid/五、句式變化（一）一般過去時(shí)的一般疑問句1把was, were放在句首，其余位置不變。由Was？引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定答為：Yes， was. 否定回答為：No，. wasnt. 由Were？引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定回答為：Yes， were. 否定回答為：No， werent.如：（1）I was born in Shanghai. Were you born in Shanghai?Yes, I was. (肯定回答) No, I wasnt. (否定回答)（2）They were in Li Yans home last night. Were they in Li Yans home last night?Yes, they were. (肯定回答) No, they werent. (否定回答)2在行為動(dòng)詞的句子中，要用助動(dòng)詞詞did來引導(dǎo)，其余的語序不變。要注意的是，要把行為動(dòng)詞的過去式改為原形?？隙ɑ卮馂椋篩es, did. 否定回答：No, didnt.如：John played computer games last night.Did John play computer games last night?Yes, he did. (肯定回答) No, he didnt. (否定回答)（二）一般過去時(shí)的否定句1在表示過去存在的狀態(tài)的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。如：（1）He was in the park the day before yesterday.He was not in the park the day before yesterday.(2)We were busy last week.We were not busy last week.2在表示過去的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的句子中，要在行為動(dòng)詞的前面加助動(dòng)詞didnt.然后把過去式的行為動(dòng)詞改為動(dòng)詞原形。即：didnt + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：（1）She played the violin last night.She didnt play the violin last night.(2)They swam in the lake yesterday.They didnt swim in the lake yesterday.(三)、一般過去式的特殊疑問句1.What did ?（主要是詢問過去發(fā)生了什么事情，注意要把過去式改為動(dòng)詞原形。）We ate Chinese food last night.What did we eat last night?2.Where did ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的地方。)They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?3.Who + 動(dòng)詞過去式 ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的人物。)Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend. Who climbed mountains last weekend?六過去時(shí)練習(xí)(一）.用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1I _ at school just now.2He _ at the camp last week.3We _ students two years ago.4They _ on the farm a moment ago.5Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.9She _ happy yesterday.10They _ glad to see each other last month.11Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.(二)句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. It was exciting.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_2. All the students were very excited.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_3. They were in his pocket.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_4. There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_肯、否定回答：_5.He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_肯、否定回答：_（三）.中譯英1我的故事書剛才還在手表旁邊。_2他們的外套上個(gè)禮拜放在臥室里了。_3剛剛花園里有兩只小鳥。_4. 我們上周五看了一部電影。_課后練習(xí)一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. They played football in the playground.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_2. He didnt do mo