高考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)精品課件系列之動詞不定式

TheInfinitive,不定式運(yùn)用口訣本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主、表、賓、補(bǔ)、定和狀。樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語它不敢。大家千萬要當(dāng)心，有時它把句型改，作主賓時用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七個感官三使役，賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開；疑問詞后接上它，賓語從句可充當(dāng)；邏輯主語不定式，不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定，各種用法區(qū)別開。,TheInfinitive,subject,object,predictive,attribute,adverbial,complement,Todothatsortofthingisfoolish.,Itisfoolishtodothatsortofthing.,Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.,Allyouhavetodois(to)finishitquickly,Wefoundahousetolivein.,ShecameheretostudyEnglish.,Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfoodaftertheoperation.,Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.,Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.,一、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語,Toseeonetimeisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.Toperseveremeansvictory!注：在很多情況下，特別是在口語中，常采用先行it代替主語，而把不定式后置：Itsagreatpleasuretobehere.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.注：這種后置不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)也適用于某些謂語動詞不是系動詞的句子，如：Ittookusfivehourstogetthere.Itmadeusveryangrytohearhimtalklikethat.,注：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語通?？稍谔囟ǖ纳舷挛幕蚯榫爸锌闯?，也可以由“for+名詞詞組”來表示，如：Itisnothardforonetodoabitofgood.Itwasdifficultformetodothework.注：某些形容詞在上述結(jié)構(gòu)中作表語時，常在不定式之前加上“of+名詞詞組”來說明不定式所指的是誰的情況，如：Itskindofyoutothinksomuchofus.Itsveryniceofyoutobesoconsiderate.Itsunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.Itwascarelessofhertomakesuchamistake.,二、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作表語,1主語和表語都是不定式（其含義往往一是條件，一是結(jié)果），如：Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.2主語是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示，后面的不定式說明其內(nèi)容，如：Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.Yourmistakewasnottowritethatletter.Mysuggestionistostartworkatonce.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.注：在某些句型中，當(dāng)主語部分有動作動詞do時，作表語的不定式可以省略符號“to”，如：Allwehavetodoispushthebutton.TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.,三、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作動詞賓語,1“動詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。這類動詞常見的有：afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,try,start,forget,mean,intend,begin,等，例如：Ivearrangedtomeethimattenoclock.Ididntexpecttofindyouhere.2“動詞+疑問詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。（這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)接近一個名詞從句）。這類動詞常見的有：tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,forget,inquire,know,explain,remember,see,understand,wonder等。疑問詞（也稱連接代/副詞）有：what,where,who(m),when,how,whether,which（why除外），如：Idontknowwhattodo/wheretogo/who(m)toask/whentostop/howtogetthere.Ihaventdecidedwhethertosellitornot.Wemustfindoutwhattodonext/wheretoputit.,注：如果作賓語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有自己的補(bǔ)語，則應(yīng)使用先行it，把不定式后置，例如：Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.Wethoughtitwrongnottohelpher.Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.注：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)一般不可作介詞賓語,只有在個別場合,即在含有否定意義的帶有介詞except或but(=except)的結(jié)構(gòu)中才能這樣用，例如：Heseldomcomesexcepttolookatmypictures.Thechilddidnothingexceptweep.Shecandoanythingbutsing.Hewilldoanythingforyouexceptlendyoumoney.Theycoulddonothingbutwaitforthedoctorstoarrive.注意不定式符號的省略問題！,四、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,1不定式作定語通常只能放在被修飾的名詞之后，如：Itstimetogotobed.Heisnotamantobowbeforedifficulties.Haveyouanythingtodeclare?Sheusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattendintheevening.Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringthevocation.2能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語的動詞，轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞時往往也能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語，如：Idontwishtoquarrelwithyou.Ihavenowishtoquarrelwithyou.Theywillattempttocrosstherivertonight.Theywillmakeanotherattempttocrosstherivertonight.Shepromisednottodothatagain.Shemadeapromisenottodothatagain.,3某些能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形容詞，轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞時，也能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語，如：Hewasobviouslyanxioustogo.Hisanxietytogowasobvious.4不定式結(jié)構(gòu)與所修飾的名詞，有時意義上有著主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系，如：Hehasalargefamilytosupport(=thathemustsupport).注：處于動賓關(guān)系的情況下，如果不定式是不及物動詞，它后面應(yīng)加上必要的介詞，如：Shehasalotofthingstoattendto.Thenursehasfivechildrentolookafter.Letsfirstfindaroomtoputthethingsin.5有時為了明確不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系，可以在不定式之前加上for+名詞詞組，如：Heresabookforyoutoread.Hegaveordersforthevisitorstobeshownin.,五、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語,不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可以作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、條件等。,1表示目的：Theyranovertowelcomethedelegates.Heboughtabicycletogototownmorequickly.Hewenthometoseehismother.注：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示目的時，通常句子的主語就是它的邏輯主語(參見以上三句)，但也有例外的情況，例如：Istoppedforhimtospeaktome.Heopenedthedoorforthechildrentocomein.Hebroughtaportertocarrytheboxes/bags.Theysentamantomendthewindow.Hestooduptobeseenbetter.,注：為了強(qiáng)調(diào)表示目的的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是在不定式結(jié)構(gòu)前有否定詞not時，通?？梢栽诓欢ㄊ椒杢o之前加上inorder或soas，如：HecamehereinordertoseeCharlie.Heshoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed.Hewentearlyinordernottomissthetrain.Iturnedtheradiodownsoasnottodisturbhim.注：表示目的的不定式可以置于句首，這也是區(qū)別于其他功能的標(biāo)志之一。但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式之前可以加上inorder，但卻不可以加上soas，如：Todrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.(Inordertodrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.)Togetthebestresults,usecleanwater.,2.表示結(jié)果：WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoangry?Hecameroundtofindhimselfinhospital.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示結(jié)果更常見于下列句型：soastoWouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?such()astoImnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.enoughtoTheboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.tootoHiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.注意：下列句子中的不表示結(jié)果，也無否定含義：Imonlytoogladtogo.(=Imverygladtogo.)Ishallbeonlytoopleasedtogethome.(=Ishallbeverypleasedtogethome.)onlytoo(adv.)極;非常;太;很,有時，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)還能表示一個隨后發(fā)生的動作，相當(dāng)于一個并列限定動詞詞組，這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)也表示結(jié)果，如：Shewokeearlytofinditwasraining.Hegothometolearnthathisfatherwasill.這種表示結(jié)果的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)具有下列幾個特點：不定式所表示的動作是隨后發(fā)生的，相當(dāng)于一個限定動詞詞組，如：Hearrivedlatetofindtheothershadgonehome.Hearrivedlateandfoundtheothershadgonehome.不定式根據(jù)是否需要停頓而決定與主句是否用逗號隔開。Helefthisnativecountry(,)nevertoreturn.Hereturnedhome(,)tofindhisfatherlyingsickinbed.不定式所表示的結(jié)果往往含有“令人意想不到”的意味，其中以“使人不愉快的結(jié)果”較為常見。（有時也可以表示令人愉快、驚喜的結(jié)果），如：HewenthometofindhisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.,不定式之前有時可以加上only或butonly，以加強(qiáng)語氣，如：Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.注：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示結(jié)果或表示目的，往往形式相似，這時，須根據(jù)詞匯意義認(rèn)真加以區(qū)別，試比較：Hearrivedlatetofindtheothershadgonehome.(=Hearrivedlateandfoundtheothershadgonehome.)HearrivedlatetoavoidmeetingRobert.(=HearrivedlateinordertoavoidmeetingRobert.)Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.Hewenttothestationtoinquireaboutthetimesoftrains.(=Hewenttothestationinordertoinquireaboutthetimesoftrains.),3.表示原因：（不定式所表示的動作先于謂語動詞的動作）Shewepttohearthenews.Ipretendtobehappytoknowhim.Helaughedtoseesuchfun.Sheseemedsurprisedtomeetus.,六、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)足語,Dontforceyourselftowritewhenyouhavenothingtosay.Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe.Didyouseeayoungmanenterthehouse?1只能用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞：表示“希望”“愿望”等心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,encourage,trust等。Whatdoyoudesiremetodo?Thedirectorpreferredhertoacttheoldlady.含有“讓”“允許”“促使”“致使”等祈使意義的動詞，如：let,allow,permit,decide,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,等。Wemustntletthishappenagain.Hisfatherputhimtomindthesheep.帶有“請求”“懇求”等感情色彩的動詞，如：ask,desire,invite,beg,request,worry等。Hebeggedmenottotellhisfatheraboutit.ShewasalwaysworryingherfathertotakehertoParis.,含有“建議”“勸告”等意義的動詞，如：advise,persuade,callon,urge等。Heurgedustoacceptthecompromise.Thedentistadvisedmetohavethebadtoothpulledout.含有“命令”“強(qiáng)迫”“禁止”等意義的動詞，如：order,command,require,charge,tell,make,oblige,force,drive,forbid,warn等。Herequiredustokeepitasecret.Thedoctororderedhimtostayinbedforafewdays.Iwarnyounottodothatagain.其他還有：help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor,train,dependon等。Hepromisedtoteachmetoswim.Weshouldtrainthemtomakeuseofreferencebooks.Wearewaitingforthetraintostop.,2既能用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)又能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞：see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,observe,feel,have;imagine,find,discover,like,want,understand,hate,bring,get,leave,setDidyouseeanyoneenterthehouse?Dontimagineyourselftobealwayscorrect.Wefindhimtobedishonest.Hesettheboystocarrywater.Illleavehimtosolvetheproblemforhimself.,注：有些動詞用不定式與用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，所表達(dá)的意義是有差別的。一般說來，用不定式表示一次性動作或動作的完成（即全過程）；而用現(xiàn)在分詞則表示動作正在進(jìn)行，即：謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生時，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作正在進(jìn)行，如：Didyouseeanyoneenterthehouse?Hesawhisfathertalkingwithhisteacher.Ionceheardhimsingthissong.SheheardMr.Whitesinginginthenextroom.,注：使用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，在有些動詞后面，不定式符號to應(yīng)當(dāng)省略。下列動詞用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，必須省去不定式符號to：let,make,have,see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,hear,listentoHeobservedsomeoneopenthedoor.Iwatchedthemgetintothecar.Didyounoticehimleavetheroom?feel一詞在使用todo型不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，不帶to；在使用tobe型不定式時，要帶to，如：Hefeltthemtoberight.Didyoufeeltheearthshake?help一詞在使用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，可以帶to，也可以不帶to，如：Doyouoftenhelpyourmother(to)dothehousework?使用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子，改為被動結(jié)構(gòu)以后，賓語補(bǔ)足語就成了主語補(bǔ)足語，這時，“to”不可以省略，如：Thebossmadethemworkfrommorningtillnight.Theyweremadetoworkfrommorningtillnight.,不定式的一般式所表示的動作，通常與主要謂語所表示的動作（或狀態(tài)）同時（或幾乎同時）發(fā)生，或者是在它之后發(fā)生,例如：Whoheardhimsaythat?Theyinvitedustogotherethissummer.如果不定式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，這個不定式就要用完成式，如：Imgladtohaveseenyourmother.(cf.Imgladtoseeyou.),七、不定式的完成式有下列用法,1構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，如：Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.(Itissaidthathehaswrittenanewbookaboutworkers.)Theenemywasreportedtohavesurrendered.(Itwasreportedthattheenemyhadsurrendered.)Sheseemedtohaveheardaboutitalready.(Itseemedthatshehadalreadyheardaboutit.),2在某些作表語用的形容詞后作狀語，如：Youareluckytohavegotticketstotheconcert.(=Youareluckythatyouhavegotticketstotheconcert.)Imsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.(=ImsorryIhavegivenyousomuchtrouble.)Shewasverygladtohavedonesomethingforthepeople.3在某些動詞后作賓語，如：Hepretendednottohaveseenme.Imeanttohavetoldyouaboutit,butIforgottodoso.4有時還可以作主語、定語或構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，如：Itwasagreatsatisfactiontohaverevisitedournativevillage.（主語）Soyouaretheonetohavecleanedalltheserooms.（定語）Theythoughtitapitynottohaveinvitedher.（復(fù)合賓語）Shefeltitanhonourtohavetakenpartinthework.（復(fù)合賓語）,如果主要謂語所表示的動作（或情況）發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動作正在進(jìn)行，這時，不定式就要用進(jìn)行式。,八、不定式的進(jìn)行式主要有下列幾種用法,1構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，如：Theyaresaidtobebuildinganotherbridgeacrosstheriver.Theyseemtobegettingalongquitewell.Ihappenedtobegoingthatwaytoo.2在某些動詞后構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，如：Wedidntexpectyoutobewaitingforushere.3在某些動詞后作賓語，如：Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.4有時可以作主語或狀語，如：Iamgladtobeworkingwithyou.(狀語)Itsniceofyoutobethinkingofus.(主語),九、如果不定式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的時間之前一直在進(jìn)行，就需要用完成進(jìn)行式，如：TheyaresaidtohavebeencollectingfolksongsinYunnan.Shewishedtohavebeentrainingashardastheothers.Itsagreatpleasuretohavebeenworkingwithyou.,當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要采用被動形式。,十、不定式的被動形式有下列用法,1作主語：Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.2作賓語：SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.3構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語：Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidntlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.4構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語：Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.5作定語：Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachersoffice?6作狀語：Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.,十一、不定式有時還可以有完成式的被動式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等，如：Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.（主語）Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(賓語)）Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.（復(fù)合賓語）Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.（復(fù)合謂語）Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.（定語）,不定式再回顧,Makesentencesfromthetable:,object(賓語):一些動詞要用不定式作賓語,常見的動詞有want,hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,expect,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,try,pretend,learn,afford,need等。Hehoped/wished/expectedtogoabroad.Hepromisedtobuymeacomputer.一些動詞要用wh-疑問詞+不定式作賓語，常見的動詞有decide,know,learn,wonder,understand,findout,remember,see等whattodo.howtodoit.Idontknowwho(m)toask/invite.whentostopwheretogo.,不定式一般不能作介詞的賓語，只有在極少數(shù)介詞如：but,except等后才行，此時不定式可帶to或不帶to.Wehavenochoicebuttowaitoutside.Theycoulddonothingbutaskforhelp.,4.不定式短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語例：Theteacheraskedmetodoitagain.老師叫我再做一次。不定式短語todoit作賓語me的補(bǔ)足語。,Iwillinvitehimtoplayandhavedinnerwithme.,(賓補(bǔ)）,InfinitiveasObjectComplement,(Objectcomplement),Rewritethesentences,usingthewordsgiventoyou.1.“Whydontyouplaytheroleofqueenintheplay?”Iencouragedher2.“Dontforgettowearyourgloves.Itsfreezing.”Iremindedher3.“Youcanttaketheboxoftreasureaway.”Ididnotallowher4.“Whycanttheysingsomewell-knownsongs?”Idpreferthem5.“Doyouwanttounderstandthepoem?Illhelpyou.”.Ihelpedhim,toplaytheroleofqueenintheplay.,towearherglovesasitwasfreezing.,totaketheboxoftreasureaway,tosingsomewell-knownsongs,(to)understandthepoem.,TheInfinitiveasobjectComplement,英語中有些及物動詞要跟復(fù)合賓語(賓+賓補(bǔ)),如allow,encourage,expect,help,prefer等帶不定式作賓補(bǔ).,e.g.Yourparentsdontallowyoutoplaythecomputer,TeachersencouragedstudentstospeakinEnglish.,1,2,Tohelpeachotherisgood.Itisgoodtohelpeachother.互相幫助是好的。,例1：Tohelpeachotherisgood.Itisgoodtohelpeachother.互相幫助是好的。例2：Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.我發(fā)現(xiàn)了解他很困難。不定式短語tounderstandhim作真正賓語,it是形式賓語。HefounditimportanttostudyRussian.Thecomputermakesitpossibletocalculatefaster.,不定式在七個感官動詞see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三個使役動詞let,have,make等后作賓補(bǔ)時,to要省略。如例1：Now,letmego.（go前省掉了to）例2：Isawherrunintotheclassroom.（run前的to省掉了）比較Shewasseentorunintotheclassroom.,例1.Thefarmersdidntknowwhattodo.Thefarmersdidntknowwhattheyshoulddo.例2.Pleasetellmehowtogettothezoo.PleasetellmehowIcangettothezoo.,adverbial(狀語):(1)表示目的【(not)to/(not)inorderto/soas(not)to】Weeattoliveanddontlivetoeat.(2)表示結(jié)果(so/suchasto.,enoughto,tooto,onlyto他這么傻竟相信了這事。Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.另外only常用在不定式的前面,表示出人意料的結(jié)果,如:Wearrivedthereonlytofindthetraingone.Hereturnedhomeonlytofindhishousebrokeninto.不定式中作結(jié)果狀語的注意點：1）某些形容詞在“tooto”結(jié)構(gòu)中表示肯定，這類詞是：anxious,eager,glad,ready,surprised,willingShewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.2）在not,never,only,all,but等后的”tooto”結(jié)構(gòu)中，”too”的含義為”very”，不定式?jīng)]有否定含義。Imonlytoogladtostayathome.Itsnevertoooldtolearn.,(3)表示原因(a)不定式也可以用在作表語的形容詞后作狀語,說明產(chǎn)生這種情況的原因,常見的形容詞有:sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。Imglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.,6.不定式短語作定語例1：Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?這是幫他的最好辦法嗎？不定式短語tohelphim作way的后置定語。例2:Heisthemantodependon.他是可以依靠的人。不定式短語todependon作man的后置定語。,注意:不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關(guān)系;如果不定式是不及物動詞,則后面需有適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。,attribute(定語):不定式及其短語作定語只能放在名詞的后面,以下名詞和句型常用不定式作定語,如:chance,way,opportunity,time,thefirst,thelast,thesecond,theonly等詞后,在havetodo和therebe句型中。e.g.沒有人可以照看他.Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.只有五種式樣可供選擇.Thereareonlyfivepairstochoosefrom.,不定式在以下形容詞后:easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,cheap,expensive,good,nice,safe,dangerous,important,interesting,pleasant,(im)possible,fun等。Thisquestionisdifficult_(answer).Doyouthinkhimeasy_(work)with?這時用主動形式表被動意思。,Itisbeautifulmusictoenjoy.,(定語),InfinitiveasAttribute,(Attribute),Combinethesesentences1.Shethoughtofthisideafirst.(Shewasthefirstperson)2.Weneedtoweightheflesh.(Letsfindsomething)3.Isthereanythingyouwishtosay?(Whatdoyouhave)4.Thatwillbetheonlythingwehavetodonow.(Thatwillbetheonlything),Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea,Letsfindsomethingtoweightheflesh.,Whatdoyouhavetosay?,Thatwillbetheonlythingtodo.,不定式的邏輯主語，在不定式前加for(of)sb.，如：例1.ItisimportantforustostudyEnglish.,例2.Itisniceofyoutohelpme.,不定式的否定形式只要在to前加not。如：例1.Illtrynottobelate.例2.Tellhimnottomakeanynoise.,不定式作獨(dú)立成分。Totell(you)thetruth,hedoesntagreewithyou.Tobeginwith,Beijingisaverybeautifulcity.,Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.2.Wehavetogetupearlytocatchthefirsttrain.3.Heisconsideredtobeagreatscientist.4.Toseeistobelieve.5.Ihavealotofwordstosay.6.Itsimpossibleforhimtogoalone.7.Shepromisedtomakenomistakesatall.8.Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.9.Tocatchthetrain,wedbetterhurrytothestationbytaxi.,Thetenseandvoiceoftheinfinitive,1.Iwanttotellhimaboutit.,2.Iwanttobetoldaboutit.,5.Sheseemstohaveknownthetruth.,(ActiveVoice),(PassiveVoice),(IndefiniteTense),(Perfecttense),4.Sheseemstobesleeping,(Continuoustense),3.Sheseemstobesleepy,Thetenseandvoiceoftheinfinitive,動詞不定式省略to的情況歸納,*1當(dāng)動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，如動詞是make,let,have或lookat,see,watch,observe,hear,listento,feel、等，不定式不帶to.*2.在下列結(jié)構(gòu)后hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldratherthan,cannotbut（不得不，必然，不能不）,canthelpbut等*3.Why.或whynot表建議*4.在介詞but,except之后，如果其前有實義動詞do的某種形式，不定式不帶to,反之須帶to.,*5不定時作表語時，如果解釋do的具體內(nèi)容時，to可以省去。*6動詞help或help+賓語之后，可用帶to的不定式，也可用不帶to的不定式，但在help+賓語+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果用不帶to的不定式，表示主語參與了不定式所表示的動作；如果用帶to的不定式，表示主語沒有參與不定時所表示的動作。,1.Didyounoticeanyonecomein?2.Imustapologizefornotlettingyouknowaheadoftime.*3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhissister.4.Icannotbutagree.5.IcanthelpbutfeelsorryforTom.6.Whynothaveatryagain?7.Whyspendsomuchmoney?8.Thenithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.,9.Thereisnothingtodoexceptwaittillitstopsraining.10.Thefirstthingshedidwasgouptohertrainerandthankforallherhelpduringthetraining.11.Willyouhelpme(to)repairthisbike?,不定式加強(qiáng)練（一）,1.Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio,butIdontknow_.todoitB.howtoC.whattodoitD.howtodo2.Hisvoicemademe_terrible.TofeelB.feelC.feelsD.felt3.Myparentstoldme_peoplewhentheyareintrouble.neverlaughatB.nottolaughatdontlaughatD.notlaughat4.Itsbadmanners_rudetopeople.tobeB.areC.beD.tobeing5.Itsinteresting_ustotakepartinthegames.A.ofB.toC.forD.at,6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake7.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingDexpects8.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning9.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone,tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain,10.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_everything.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldHavingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyA.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen,12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented13.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch,14.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto15.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking16.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuyA.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing,17._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep18.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,