高中英語主謂一致講解

1、.,主 謂 一 致,.,主謂一致考點,.,定義:“一致”是指句子成分之間或詞語之間在性、數等方面應保持一致。 “主謂一致”是指謂語動詞與主語必須在人稱、性、數上保持一致，即主語是復數，謂語也用復數形式，如are, were, have等，主語是單數，謂語要用單數形式，如：is, was, has, works等。,.,原 則,1. 語法一致原則 2. 意義一致原則 3. 就近一致原則,.,語法詳解： 所謂主謂一致是指主語和謂語動詞之間,即主語的人稱和單復數形式決定著謂語動詞對應的形式。,.,一. 語法 定義:主語是單數,謂語也是單數, 主語是復數謂語也是復數. 1. 非謂語動詞做主語 To s

2、ee is to believe. Asking costs nothing. Lying and stealing are immoral.,.,（2)用and 連接的并列主語，如果主語是一個人，同一事，同一抽象概念，且and后名詞無冠詞,謂語動詞用_，如:The writer and singer _ coming tomorrow. 否則用復數。,(1)以“and ”或“both and”連接的并列主語, 通常作_用 。,有些and連接的成對名詞習慣上被看成是一個 整體,如: bread and butter, knife and fork, whisky and soda(威士忌加蘇打

3、水), steel and iron,is,單數,復數,.,(3)Every and (every), each and (each) , no and (no) , many a and (many a)連接兩個單數名詞作主語以及more than one.和many a.作主語時,謂語動詞都用_.,語法一致,Eg: Every desk and every chair _made of wood. Many a boy and (many a) girl _made the same mistake,單數,is,has,.,語法一致,(4) “a / an + 單名+ and a half

4、”, “one and a half +復名” 常接_謂語；,A year and a half _passed . One and a half bananas_left on the desk.,has,is,單數,.,(5) 不定代詞each, either, neither, another, the other 等作主語通常用_謂語動詞;,其中, each of + 復數代詞，謂語動用_。復數代詞+each，謂語動詞用_。如,語法一致,Each of us _a dictionary. We each _a dictionary.,has,have,單數,單數,復數,.,1.Serv

5、ing the people _ my great happiness. 2. When well go out for an outing _ decided. 3. To get the most profits _ the common aim of businessmen.,（6）不定式（短語），動名詞（短語）或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用_，如：,is,has been,is,單數,.,語法一致,(7)當主語與謂語之間插有 with, along with, together with, as well as; but, except, besides, other than; rath

6、er than; like; including 等引起的短語時,謂語動詞不受這些插入語的影響，依然與_保持一致,主語,.,The boy _ diving.,They _ diving.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,All of them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finish the following exercises:,.,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Both Mike and B

7、ob _ workers.,are,Neither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.,is,Bill,Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.,knows/know,All of them _ workers.,None of them _ (know) how to teach English.,are,knows/know,.,主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：,1. and連接兩個或兩個以上單數名詞或者代詞作主語的時候,謂語動詞有以下兩種情況： (1) He and she _both students of this sch

8、ool. 他和她都是這個學校的學生。 如果指兩個或兩個以上不同的人或事物的時候,謂語動詞用復數。,一、語法一致原則,are,.,(2) 但如果連接兩個以上的名詞指的是同一個人或物, 或者指同一概念的時候, 謂語要用單數。,.,The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那個歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。,is,is,.,either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連

9、接主語的時候或者在there be句型中,謂語動詞要和就近的主語保持一致。,二、就近原則,Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.,.,2. 1) Every and (every) 2) each and (each) 3)no and (no), 4) many a and (many a)連接兩個單數名詞作主語,謂語用單數。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made t

10、he same mistake.,.,3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +復數名詞作主語， Each of the students has a book. 謂語用單數。,.,Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.,.,三、概念一致原則,所謂概念一致原則是指謂語動詞和主語一致不是取決于主語的語法形式, 而是其實際意義。有的主語名詞在形式上是單數, 但在意義上卻是復數；有的主語名詞在形式上是復數, 但在意義上卻是單數。,.,1. 不定代詞all, mo

11、re, some, any, none作主語,謂語動詞視情況而定。,All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。 All of the apple _rotten. 整個蘋果都爛了。,are,is,.,None of the money_ left. 沒有剩下一點錢。 None of the students _ there. 沒有學生在那里。,is,is,.,2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語的時候,謂語動詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。,.

12、,Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的學生已經完成了他們的作文。 Half of the apple _bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。 About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我們學校, 大約百分之六十的學生是男生.,have,is,are,.,3. 集合名詞作主語, 動詞可用單數, 也可以用復數。主要由句子的意思決定。強調整體謂語動詞用單數；指全體人員時, 動詞則用復數。這一類常見的集合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, popu

13、lation, team, group。,.,His family _going out. 他們全家要外出。 His family _all music lovers. 他們全家人都是音樂愛好者。,is,are,.,5. 復合不定代詞作主語, 謂語動詞要用單數，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。 Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。 Nothing is found in

14、the room. 在屋子里什么也沒找到。,.,(一).就前一致: (即謂語動詞與前面的中心詞一致) 名詞 A + + 名詞 B 這樣的結構做主語，謂語動詞僅與 A 一致。 1.Mary, together with her parents, _ (去過) the Summer Palace twice. 2.The teacher as well as her students _ fond of popular music very much. 3. All but Tom _(know) the truth so far.,with; together with; along with

15、but; except; besides including; as well as; in addition to not; rather than; like.,has been to,-,is,-,have known,-,.,4.He, rather than you, _ (應受責備) (二).就后一致: (即謂語動詞與后面的中心詞一致) + 名詞 作主語時， 謂語動詞取決于后面名詞的數 1.One third of the students in our class _ girls. 2.Seventy percent of the surface of the earth _ c

16、overed with / by water.,分數 + of ; 百分數 + of some of ; part of ; half of ; most of ; the rest of ; .,is to blame,-,are,-,is,-,-,.,3.Half of the project _ (complete) in the past two months. 4.Some students are studying in the classroom, while the rest _ enjoying the performances. (三) 就近一致： 連接的詞作 主語，謂語

17、動詞與最鄰 近的主語一 致,or eitheror neither.nor not onlybut also not but There be,has been completed,-,are,.,1._ you or he to attend tomorrows meeting? 2.Either you or he _ mistaken. 3.Neither Mary nor her parents _ in for rock music. 4.There _ a pen and some books on the table.,Are,is,go,is,.,(六) 分兩種情況對比掌握:

18、1.集合名詞如 family, team, class, group, population 作主語, 如果作為一個整體看待, 謂語用單數. 如果指集體里每一個成員,謂語用復數. 1.Our class _ a big one. Our class _ fond of music.,is,are,.,2. The population of China _ far larger than that of Japan. Eighty percent of the population in China _ farmers. 2. 單復數同形的詞如 sheep, deer, Chinese, Ja

19、panese, means(方法,手段), works(著作, 工廠) 作主語, 謂語動詞應根據上下文取決單復數. 1.Every means _ been tried to solve the problem. All means _ been tried to solve the problem.,is,are,has,have,.,2.There _ a newly- built chemical works. 3.一些總是以復數出現, 成雙成對的事物如 trousers, shoes, glasses, gloves 等 如果單獨出現, 謂語用復數, 如果前面有 a / this /

20、that pair of 修飾, 謂語用單數. 1.The trousers _ mine. 2.This pair of trousers _ mine.,is/ stands,are,is,.,類似地: Apples of this kind _ (sell) well. This kind of apples _(sell) well.,sell,sells,-,-,.,4. 1. A number of people _(own) cars now. 2.The number of people who own cars _ (increase) every year. 5. 1.Th

21、e aged _ being cared for in the community. 2.The beautiful _ not always good. 6. 1. A singer and dancer _ been invited to the party. 2. A singer and a dancer _ been invited to the party.,own,is increasing,are,is,has,have,.,7. Tom is one of the workers who _ fired by the company last week. Tom is the

22、 only one of the workers who _ fired by the company last week. 8. A large quantity of water _ wasted every year. Large quantities of water _ wasted every year.,were,was,is,are,.,9. 下列句子有什么特點? 1. What we need _ hard work. What we need _ suitable materials. 2. Such _ what he told me. Such _ his words.

23、 3. The following _ his advice on learning English. The following _ some tips to learn English.,is,are,was,were,is,are,.,1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 3. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 4. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.