中考主謂一致

1、中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)-主謂一致概念主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 1.語法或形式一致原則遵循三個原則 2.意義一致原則 3.就近一致原則主謂一致是初、高中階段的重要語法項目之一，從近年中考的試題來看，中考對于主謂一致的考題主要考知識的記憶情況。 考查主謂一致的常見題型有單項選擇、完形填空、翻譯句子、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換、時態(tài)填空、單句改錯、短文改錯等等，尤其要注意書面表達，因為漢語中沒有相應(yīng)的這種謂語動詞的變化，所以英語的主謂一致也是困擾廣大中國學(xué)生的一大心病，很多學(xué)生在揮毫潑墨之時，此類錯誤比比皆是，嚴(yán)重影響文章的水平，考試中必將拉低得分的檔次。因此，掌握好主謂一致對于提高英語水平和取得

2、理想成績都至關(guān)重要, 找出句子的真正主語是關(guān)鍵。同時，必須遵循三個原則，下面，我們就來看一下具體情況：1. 語法或形式一致原則 (1) 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)、不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：He a tall man. (be) Some bread on the table. (be) The boys playing football. (be)(2) 當(dāng)and或both.and.連接兩個或三個名詞(代詞)作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：（ Both ） Lucy and Lily good students. (be) 注在意義上指同一人、同

3、一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù), and后面的名詞無冠詞。 如：The singer and dancer _ talking with his students over there. (be)The singer and the dancer _ talking happily. (be)注and 連接的成對名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個整體，當(dāng)bread and butter(黃油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Fish and chips _ always his favorite food. (be)(3) 單數(shù)主語后面即使帶有由with,

4、together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等構(gòu)成的介詞短語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。介詞短語一般不作主語。如：She as well as the other students learned how to type. (have) Mr Green with his children watching TV now. (be) Everyone except Li Lei here when the meeting began. (be)(4) 不定代詞each, another, the other, either, neithe

5、r 和由some, any, no, everyone或thing構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Everything ready. (be) (5) every., every.and every., each., each.and each., no and no作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Each boy and (each) girl _ an apple in their hands. (have)No man and no woman _(like) these shoes.(6) one, every one, each, each one, any one,

6、 neither, eitherof復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如： Each of us _ a bike. (have) Every one of the students _ listening to the teacher carefully. (be)注each作同位語時，謂語動詞與主語保持一致。如We each _ a pen friend. = We _ a pen friend each. (have)(7) none作主語，指人或可數(shù)的物，表示數(shù)目, 謂語單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如果指不可數(shù)名詞，表示量，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如： None of them the right size

7、. (be) Jim has used up all the money. None left. (be) (8) 只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞(clothes, pants, shoes, shorts, gloves, trousers, glasses, scissors )作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：My trousers new. (be) (9) “數(shù)量詞+單位詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語動詞與單位詞一致。e.g. This pair of trousers too short for me. (be) Two cups of tea on the table.

8、(be) (10) more than one +單數(shù)名詞，“不止一個”，意義復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。many a +單數(shù)名詞，“許多”，意義復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 one and a half 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。e.g. More than one person _ hurt in the accident. (be) Many a student _ playing games on the playground. (be) One and a half apples _ left on the table. (be) (11) 不定式、動名詞或從句作主語，謂語動詞一般

9、用單數(shù)。e.g. To study hard our job. (be) Swimming good for our health. (be)在 “主系表” 結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果以what從句作主語，表語又是單數(shù)，主句的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)；如果表語是復(fù)數(shù)，主句的謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。What he said _ true. (be)What his father left him _ a few English books. (be)注：如果主語是兩個(或兩個以上的)名詞性從句，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g. What he said and what he did always different las

10、t night . (be) (12) a lot of(lots of, plenty of, most of)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于名詞。 如：There plenty of rain in this area every year. (be) A lot of people swimming in the river at the moment. (be) (13) 百分?jǐn)?shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))of名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于名詞。 如：Over 70 percent of the earth covered with water. (be) One third of the

11、workers in the factory women. (be) 注：population 作為整體，謂語動詞為單數(shù)；主語指“人口中的一部分”時，其謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)。 如 The population of China _ larger than that of India. (be) 80 percent of the population of China _ farmers. (be) a number / group of +cn（pl）“許多”謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)， the number of +cn（pl）“的數(shù)目”，謂語動用單數(shù)。e.g. A number of books miss

12、ing from the library. (be) The number of workers in this factory growing. (be) Look! There a group of people over there. What is happening? (be) 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句中謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致。one of +n.(pl.)為先行詞，從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the only/very/right one of +n.(pl.)為先行詞，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g. Jim is one of the students who pra

13、ised. (be) Jim is the only one of the students who praised. (be) 在強調(diào)句中，連接代詞又在句中作主語，這時它應(yīng)與被強調(diào)的主語保持一致。e.g. It is Marys brother who _ hurt in the car accident yesterday.(be) 2. 意義一致原則(1) 集體名詞(family, group, crowd, class, team，government)作主語時，謂語動詞要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如表示集體中的成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Our class

14、very big. (be) Our class talking about the film. (be) (2) 有生命的people，police，cattle（家畜），youth等集合名詞作主語時，謂語動詞一律用復(fù)數(shù)；但traffic等無生命的集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：How many people there in your family? (be)The traffic very heavy in the morning. (be)注people當(dāng)“民族”講時，有單復(fù)數(shù)的變化，謂語動詞由它的形式?jīng)Q定。如： The Chinese people _ a great peop

15、le. (be) There _ 56 peoples in China. (be) (3) 表示時間、金錢、距離、度量、數(shù)學(xué)運算等的詞或短語作主語，盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式，通常被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 如：Ten years passed since Mr Green came to China. (have) Ten dollars enough. (be) What one and two? It three. (be)(4) 以 -s 結(jié)尾，而意義為單數(shù)的名詞或不可數(shù)名詞(如news,physics, maths，politics等), 或?qū)Ｓ忻~(如the United Stat

16、es, the New Times, the United Nations 等)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：It exciting news.(be) 注表示群島、山脈、瀑布、奧運會 等專有名詞被看做復(fù)數(shù)，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式 ， e.g. The Olympic Games _ held every four years. (be)(5) Chinese, French, English, Japanese等作主語，表示語言，謂語用單數(shù)；與the連用，表示人，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 e.g. English spoken in many countries. (be) The Chinese very

17、friendly. (be) “ the形容詞(或分詞)” 表示一類人，如：the rich(富人)，the living(活著的人)作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示抽象事物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g. The rich better life than the poor. （have） The new always taking the place of the old. (be) the姓氏復(fù)數(shù)（=the姓family）表示一家人或夫婦二人，作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)e.g. The Green family（= The Greens） getting ready to go out. (be)

18、疑問詞作主語，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。（以who, why, how, whether或that引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如：Why she did this is not known.） e.g. Who _ going to speak at the meeting? (be) What _ on the desk? (be) Look! There are a group of people over there. What _ happening? (be)注：由how and why, when and where引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。How and

19、 why he had come to Princeton New Jersey is a story of struggle, success and sadness. 名詞性物主代詞后的動詞單復(fù)數(shù)，取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。 如：Ours (=Our Party) a great party. (be) Your shoes are black, mine (=my shoes) brown. (be) 由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”以及由與kind意思相似的 type，sort等構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞與of前的名詞保持一致。 如

20、：A kind of birds been discovered by them.（have） A new type of machines on show now. (be) Many kinds of furniture（家具，不可數(shù)） being transported from Beijing to Tianjin. (be) 當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。The Arabian Nights is an interesting book.3. 就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于離它最近的 名詞、代詞等詞的數(shù)。(1) there, here 引導(dǎo)的句子 如：Ther

21、e a book and two pens on the table. (be) There two pens and a book on the table. (be) Here the bus. (come)(2) or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also., not.but .連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時。 如：Either Lily or Lucy to the party. (come) Not only Jim but also his parents to live in China. (want) He or you take

22、n my pen.(have) 走出主謂一致的三大誤區(qū) “主謂一致”最基本的原則是：單數(shù)主語用單數(shù)謂語動詞；復(fù)數(shù)主語用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。句子的核心是謂語動詞，謂語動詞形式的確定取決于主語。根據(jù)句子含義和結(jié)構(gòu)認(rèn)準(zhǔn)主語是掌握主謂一致的必要條件；弄清主謂一致的語言規(guī)則和習(xí)慣是掌握主謂一致的充分條件，要正確使用主謂一致，兩個條件缺一不可，但同學(xué)們往往會走入以下三大誤區(qū)。誤區(qū)一 誤認(rèn)主語1. 倒裝句Between the two buildings are a big tree. （ ）Between the two buildings is a big tree. （ ）2. 主語之后帶有介詞短語The

23、fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. （ ）The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. （ ）3. one of . . . + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)代詞There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. （ ）There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. （ ）4. 定語從句I like the

24、 photos which was taken in Beijing. （ ）I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. （ ）5. each作主語的同位語時，謂語動詞由主語決定。 We each has a dictionary. （ ） We each have a dictionary. （ ）誤區(qū)二 被主語的表象迷惑1. 看似復(fù)數(shù)卻表單數(shù)概念Maths are my favourite subject. （ ） Maths is my favourite subject. （ ）類似的有：physics，news，politics .

25、. .2. 看似單數(shù)卻表復(fù)數(shù)概念The police is searching for the robbers. （ ）The police are searching for the robbers. （ ）3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)同形There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ （ ）There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ （ ）4. 集合名詞Their family is very happy. Now their

26、family is watching TV. （ ）Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. （ ）誤區(qū)三 誤用語言規(guī)則1. 表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、數(shù)量等名詞作主語Ten years are quite a long time. （ ）Ten years is quite a long time. （ ）2. 由and連接的并列主語The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. （ ）The twentieth lesson

27、and last lesson is very easy for students. （ ）3. 就近原則Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. （ ）Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. （ ）4. this kind of，a piece of，this pair of等短語作主語This pair of trousers are very new, but Toms trousers are very old. （ ）This pair of trousers is very new, but Toms

28、trousers are very old. （ ）【例1】(2011 河北) There _ lots of people at the restaurant when I got there. A. is B. was C. are D. were【例2】(2011黃崗) -Which would you like, tea or coffee?-Either _ OK, but I prefer coffee _ milk. A. is; with B. is; to C. are; with D. are; to【例3】(2009天津) Diana, together with her

29、 friends, _ Chinese in China. A. study B. have studied C. studies D. are studying【例4】(2009河南) The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors_ smaller and smaller. A. become B. became C. is becoming D. have become【例5】(2010安徽) How much _ the pair of shoes? Twenty dollars _ enough. A. is; is

30、B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are【例6】(2009寧夏) The woman behind the girls _ a famous actress. A. is B. are C. have D. has【例7】（2009齊齊哈爾）-Which is more useful, listening or speaking?- I think of them are useful. A. none B. both C. all【例8】（2009齊齊哈爾）This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I g

31、ood at drawing. A. is B. am C. are. 用動詞be或have的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Every student got a book.2. The number of students in the school now rising. 3. A number of boys playing basketball at the moment. 4. There something else in the desk. 5. Tom, together with his mother, gone to New York. 6. The teacher with two

32、students playing sports.7. This pair of trousers made by my aunt last year.8. Five months a long time to wait. 9. Here some books.10. To clean the room your duty. . 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. When I got there, they each (read) a book.2. Neither of us (like) the storybook.3. Everyone except me (go) to the cin

33、ema tonight. 4. A football team often (have) eleven players.5. No one but my parents (know) the truth.6. Jims family (enjoy) watching TV after supper.7. What you said (be) quite useful to us.8. Look! The class (do) morning exercises on the playground.9. Twenty years (have) passed since he left his h

34、ometown.10. Three glasses of milk (be) enough for us. 11. Either you or he _(be) a teacher.12. Not only Li Lei but also Jack _(enjoy) playing football very much.13. Both Lucy and Lily _ _ (be) from the USA.14. Every boy and girl _(wear) the school uniform today.15. Jim with his parents often _(take)

35、 a walk in the park after dinner.16. The number of students in this school _(be) about 800.17. Two fifths of the apple _(eat) up by the mouse already.18. Ten dollars _(be) not enough for me to buy a skirt.19. Mr. Zhang as well as his two sons _(watch) TV together at this moment.20. The young _(play)

36、 video games a lot on Sundays.21. There _(come) the bus.22. At the top of the hill _(stand) an old temple.23. There _(be) a boy and three girls in the classroom now. . 單項選擇( )1. There _more cars now in our country. A. have B. are C. is D. has( )2. Linda, with her parents, _ the Wolf Hill, and they w

37、ill be back this afternoon. A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to( )3. How much is the pair of shoes? Twenty dollars _ enough. A. is B. are C. am( )4. Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?Yes, I think so. A. is B. are C. has( )5. _ Lily _ Lucy is going with

38、you because one of them must stay at home. A. Not only；but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or( )6. Each of the girls here _ to the West Lake twice. A. have gone B. have been C. has gone D. has been( )7. One of my friends _moved to America. I miss her so much. A. has B. have C. is D. are

39、 ( )8. The number of books in the bookshop is 10,000 and a number of them _ about science. A. is B. was C. are D. were ( )9. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Both she and I _ good at drawing. A. am B. is C. are D. be( )10. No one _ swimming in such bad weather. A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked( ) 11

40、. No one except two students _ the meeting.A. has been late for B. have been late forC. was late for D. were late for( ) 12. All but him and me _ to the exhibition.A. am going B. is goingC. are going D. was going( ) 13. A number of cars _ in front of the parkA. is parkedB. was parked C. are parked D

41、. has parked（ ）14. Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home. A. is B. are C. has D. was（ ）15. _ was wrong.A. Not the teacher but the students B. Both the students and the teacherC. Neither the teacher not the students D. Not the students but the teacher（ ）16. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the t

42、ask. A. areB. has C. is D. were（ ）17. Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time. A. is B. am C. are D. was（ ）18. (1) The students in our school each _ an English dictionary. (2) Each of the students in our school _ an English dictionary. A. are havingB. hadC. hasD. have（ ）19.To play basketball a

43、nd to go swimming useful for character-training. A. wasB. isC. areD. were（ ）20. (1)Many students _ that mistake before. (2)Many a student _ that mistake before. A. had madeB. has been made C. have made D. has made （ ）21. The rest of the novel very interesting. A. were B. areC. is D. seem（ ）22.The te

44、acher, with 6 girls and 8 boys, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be（ ）23.There _ some milk in the glass. A. is B. are C. be D. has（ ）24. How time flies! Three years _ really a short time.A. is B. are C. was D. were（ ）25. The population of China _ la

45、rger than that of the USA.A. will be B. are C. is D. was（ ）26. Deer _ faster than dogs. A. will run B. are runningC. runsD. run（ ）27. This pair of trousers _ my sister. My trousers _. A. is belong to; is being washedB. belongs to; are being washedC. belong to; is washedD. are belonging to; has been

46、washed( ) 28. What I want _ an interesting book while what he wants _ two cups of coffee. A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are ( ) 29. The reading room _ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there.A. am B. is C. are D. be( ) 30. In our school library, there _ a number of books on science and the

47、 number of them _ growing larger and larger. A. is; are B. are; is C. have; is D. is; have( ) 31. Nobody but Li Hua _ the secret. A. knows B. know C. have known D. is known( ) 32. Three- fourths of the surface of the earth _ sea. A. is B. are C. were D. has been( ) 33 All but one _ here just now. A.

48、 is B. was C. has been D. were( ) 34 Where _a will, there is a way. A. there has B. is C. there is D. there are( ) 35. Each boy and each girl _ an English dictionary yesterday.A. are given B. was given C. being given D. were given( ) 36. The old _ taken good care of in China. A. is B. hasC. are D. h

49、ave( ) 37. She is the only one of all the students who _ a chance to go abroad. A. have B. has C. is D. are( ) 38. Something _ wrong with my TV set. A. hasB. have C. isD. are( ) 39. Either Tim or I_ a boss. A. am B. is C. are D. be( ) 40. A fork and knife _ on the table. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been( ) 41. The Smiths _gone to Paris for a holiday. A. was B. is C. have D. has( ) 42. Every minute and second _ very important to us. A. are