八年級英語疑問詞的用法上海牛津版知識精講

1、初二英語疑問詞的用法上海牛津版【本講教育信息】一. 教學內(nèi)容：疑問詞的用法二. 具體過程（一）疑問代詞的用法1） 疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用，用來構(gòu)成疑問句。疑問代詞有下列幾個： 指人： who, whom, whose 指物： what 既可指人又可指物： which 2） 疑問代詞在句中應位于謂語動詞之前，沒有性和數(shù)的變化，除who之外也沒有格的變化。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。試比較： 疑問代詞：Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的書是誰的？ What was the directional flow of U. S. t

2、erritorial expansion? 美國的領(lǐng)土擴張是朝哪個方向的？ 限定詞： Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的書是誰的？ What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬于美國？ 說明1： 無論是做疑問代詞還是限定詞，which 和 what 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無限的，而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi)，例如： Which girls do yo

3、u like best? 你喜歡哪幾個姑娘？ What girls do you like best? 你喜歡什么樣的姑娘？ 說明2： whom是who的賓格，在書面語中，它作動詞賓語或介詞賓語，在口語中作賓語時，可用who代替，但在介詞后只能用whom, 例如： Who（m） did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了誰？（作動詞賓語） Who（m） are you taking the book to? 你要把這書帶給誰？（作介詞賓語，置于句首） To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校園里和誰講話了？（作介詞賓語，置于介

4、詞后，不能用who取代。） 說明3： 疑問代詞用于對介詞賓語提問時，過去的文體中介詞和疑問代詞通常一起放在句首，現(xiàn)代英語中，疑問代詞在句首，介詞在句末，例如： For what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（舊文體） What are you looking for? 你在找什么？（現(xiàn)代英語） 說明4： 疑問代詞還可引導名詞性從句，例如： I cant make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。 Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the

5、bed? 你能告訴我床上的藍襯衣是誰的嗎？ Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you. 你說的我大部分同意，但并不完全贊同。 （二）疑問副詞1. 疑問副詞是：問何時、何地、如何、因何的副詞, 主要有when, where, how, why。 2. 疑問副詞用在句首。 3. 疑問副詞在句中引導名詞子句。 4. 疑問副詞后接不定詞構(gòu)成的名詞片語,在句中可以作主詞、受詞或主詞補語。 5. 疑問副詞引導的名詞子句可作主詞、受詞或主詞補語。 （三）疑問詞的幾個用法：A why？的含義是“為什么”：Wh

6、y was he late？ He missed the bus. 他為什么遲到了？他沒趕上公共汽車。B when？的含義是“什么時候”：When do you get up？7a. m. 你平常什么時候起床？早晨7點。C where？的含義是“什么地方”：Where do you live？In London. 你住在哪兒？住在倫敦。D how？的含義是“怎么樣”：How did you come？ I came by plane. 你是怎么來的？我是乘飛機來的。How do you start the engine？You press the button. 怎樣啟動發(fā)動機？按這個按鈕。h

7、ow還可有以下用法：1. 與形容詞連用How strong are you？你有多大勁兒？How important is this letter？這封信的重要性有多大？2. 與much和many連用：How much（money） do you want？ 你需要多少錢？How many（pictures）did you buy？ 你買了多少幅（畫）？3. 與副詞連用：How fast does he drive？他開得有多快？How often do you go abroad？ 你多長時間出一次國？How badly was he hurt？他傷得怎么樣？How soon can you

8、 come？ 你多快能趕來？注意How is she？（她身體怎么樣？）詢問的是她的健康狀況，而What is she like？（她長得什么樣？）詢問的是她的外貌。（參見第58節(jié)C。）不要把How are you？（你身體怎么樣？）和How do you do？ （您好?。└慊?。當兩個人被介紹認識時，雙方都說How do you do？這只是一句問候語而不是真的提出一個問題。（四）反意疑問句反意疑問句的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是:“陳述句+附加問句”。附加問句部分與陳述句部分在人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)等方面須一致,而且“前否后肯,前肯后否”。在做反意疑問句改寫時應特別注意下列情況: 1. 陳述句部分的主語是one時,

9、附加問句部分主語正式場合用one,非正式場合用he。例如: One should do ones best for the work, shouldnt one（he）? One must do ones duty, neednt one（he）? 2. 陳述句部分是Im.時,附加問句部分常用arent I?例如: Im twelve, arent I? Im a good driver, arent I? 3. 陳述句部分是there be時, 附加問句部分也要用there。例如: There is some milk in the bottle, isnt there? There are

10、 many people in the park on Sunday, arent there? 4. 陳述句部分以lets開頭時,附加問句部分要用shall we;若以 let us開頭時,附加問句部分要用 will you?例如: Lets have a break, shall we? Let us stop here, will you? 5. 陳述句部分的主語是everybody, everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代詞時,附加問句部分可用he,也可用they。例如: Everyone knows his ow

11、n language, doesnt he? Everybody enjoyed the film, didnt he/they?6. 陳述句部分有never, none, nothing, no等否定詞或few, little, hardly 等半否定詞時,附加問句部分要用肯定形式。例如: You never read this novel, do you? Few people can live to 150, can they? 7. 當陳述句部分是一個含有從句的主從復合句時,附加問句部分的形式要看主句,其主語及動詞都要與主句保持一致。例如: He says she is a good

12、teacher, doesnt he? They said the teacher had left, didnt they? 但當主句是I think, I believe等結(jié)構(gòu)時,附加問句部分形式要看從句。例如: I think she is all right now, isnt she? I dont believe he is here, is he? 8. 陳述句部分是祈使句的否定形式時,附加問句部分常用will you? 例如: Dont make any noise, will you?（五）like 的用法：（1）like作動詞時，意為“喜歡”。常見用法有以下兩種：“l(fā)ike

13、 + 名詞 / 代詞”表示“喜歡某人或某物”。例如： She likes her students very much. 她非常喜歡她的學生。 This is my computer. I like it a lot. 這是我的電腦，我非常喜歡它。 like doing sth.和like to do sth.都表示“喜歡做某事”。like doing sth.著重于習慣、愛好；like to do sth.著重于某次具體的行為或動作。例如： I like reading, but I dont like to read this evening. 我喜歡看書，但今晚我不想看。 （2）like

14、作介詞時，意為“像；跟一樣”，其后接名詞或代詞作賓語。例如： The little boy looks like his father. 那個小男孩看上去像他的父親。 Dont do it like that. 這件事別那么做。 特殊用法 （1）Would you like sth. / to do sth.? “你想要嗎？”；“你愿意做嗎？”?？谡Z中用來表示客氣地征詢意見或建議、邀請、請求等。例如： Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶嗎？ Would you like to come to my birthday party? 你愿意來參加我的生日聚會嗎？

15、（2）How do you like .? “你覺得怎么樣？”，通常用于詢問對某人或某物的喜歡程度。例如： How do you like your new classmates? 你認為你的新同學怎么樣？ - How do you like Chinese food? 你覺得中國菜怎么樣？ - I like it very much. 我非常喜歡。 （3）What do you like about .? “你喜歡的什么呢？”，常用于詢問對某人或某物所喜歡的內(nèi)容。例如： a）- What do you like about your pen-friend? 你喜歡你筆友的什么呢？- His

16、honesty. 他的誠實。 b）- What do you like about this sweater? 你喜歡這件毛衣的什么呢？- I like its colour. 我喜歡它的顏色?！灸M試題】（答題時間：40分鐘）一、選擇：1. You may come to my house _ this week _ next week.A .neither; or B .from; to C .either; or D. either; nor2. I dont think we can do it all _.A. by ourselves B. by myself C. by ours

17、elfD .by yourselves3. I dont want this shirt. Please show me _.A .others B .the others C .another D .the other4. I cant repair the model ship _. Can you help ?A .me; me B. myself ;myself C .myself ;me D. me ; myself5. Does your brother often wash clothes ?A. he B .himself C. herself D .him6. We stud

18、y Chinese, English , maths and some subjects.A .the other B. one C .other D .another7. I have two sisters. of them are doctors.A. Both B. All C .Either D. Neither8. The book on the shelf is . She wrote name on its cover .A .hers; her ;herself B. her; hers; herself C. herself; her; hers D. her; herse

19、lf; herself9. “Dont worry . Theres much wrong with you.” said the doctor.A. nothing B .everything C. something D .very 10. These shoes are too small. You may buy some _ shoes.A .another B .other C .the others D. others 11. I asked Jim and Bob to come to my house for dinner , but _ of them came .A .a

20、nother B. other C .the othersD .others 12. They are _ the same size , so you may take _ half of the cake.A. at; each B. in; both C .at; neither D .in; either 13. Betty and John have come back , but _ students in the class arent here yet.A. the other B others C. another D. the others14. Your mother i

21、s kindness _. A .itself B. herself C. oneself D .himself15. She stayed there longer than _.A. anyone B .anything else C. anybody D .anybody else16. Is this her bike? No, it isnt . Its _.A. mine B. my C. me D. hes17. _ Li Pings brother. A. Her B. His C. Hes D. Shes18. He is a boy. name is Wang Bing.

22、A. He B. His C. Her D. Hes19. Whats this? . A. Its a bread B. It is a bread C. Its bread D. Thiss bread20. The bowls are on the table .There are some eggs in .A. the B. them C. it D. he 21. Let have a meeting .A. me B. you C. us D. our22. Mother often sees on Sunday .A. her all friends B. all her fr

23、iend C. her friends D. her all friend.23. When you see Tom and his sister , tell that mother is waiting at the gate.A. his ;his B. her; hers C. them ; their D. his ; her 24. He wants you to talk about China.A. anything B .nothing C. thing D .something25.Granny seems ill . Are you sure its ?A .nothin

24、g serious B. anything serious C. serious nothing D. serious anything 二、閱讀理解（一） Mr. Lee was in bed and was trying to go to sleep when he heard the bell ring. He turned on the light and looked at his clock. It was twelve oclock. “Who can it be at this time of night?” He thought. He decided to go and f

25、ind out. So he got of bed, put on his dressing gown （浴袍） and went to the door. When he opened the door, there was nobody there. “That is very strange.” Then he went back to his bedroom, took off his dressing gown, got back into bed ,turned off the light and tried to go to sleep. A few minutes later

26、he heard the bell again. Mr. Lee jumped out of bed very quickly and rushed to the door. He opened it, but again he found no one there. He closed the door and tried not to feel angry. Then he saw a piece of paper on the floor. He picked it up. There were some words on it : “It is now after midnight（午

27、夜）, so it is April Fools Day （愚人節(jié)） . April fool to you!” “Oh , it was the English boy next door!” Mr. Lee exclaimed （驚叫） and almost smiled. He went back to bed and feel asleep at once. The bell did not ring again.1. When did Mr. Lee go to bed?He went to bed _.A. before twelve oclock B. after twelve

28、oclockC. when the bell rang D. when he saw the boy2. Why did he rush to the door when he heard the bell ring the second time?A. He wanted to open the door for the visitorB. He wanted to find out who the visitor was.C. He was afraid of the ringD. He was waiting for someone.3. From this passage, we le

29、arn that we can _ on April Fools Day.A. say “Hello” to each other B. dance and sing at nightC. play jokes on each other D. send presents to children4. What did Mr. Lee think about the English boy?He thought he _.A. was a good boy B. was friendly with himC. shouldnt ring the bell at midnight D. did a

30、 dangerous thing just now 閱讀理解（二） Babies love chocolate and sometimes they also eat the paper around it. My cat enjoys a meal of good, thick paper, old letters, for example. She does not like newspapers very muchOf course, the best paper comes from wood. Wood comes from trees, and trees are plants.

31、Vegetables and fruit are plants, too, and we eat a lot of them. So can we also eat wood and paper? Scientists say, “All food comes in some way from plants.” Well, is that true? Animals eat grass and grow fat. Then we eat their meat. Little fish eat little sea-plants, then bigger fish swim along and

32、eat the Chickens eat bits of grass and give us Think for a minute. What food does not come from plants in some way? Scientists can do wonderful things with plants. They can make food just like meat and cheese. And they can make it without the help of animals. It is very good food, too. Now they have begun to say, “We make our paper from wood. We can also make food from wood. The next thing is not ve