現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) 詳細(xì)講解及其練習(xí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，主要有兩個(gè)含義：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有many times，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，so far, by now等。I have already watched the TV play. 我已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電視劇了。（現(xiàn)在我對(duì)它不感興趣了）Have you found your lost pen yet?No, I havent found it yet.（我很著急）表示動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)在過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還將持續(xù)下去。用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)

2、詞，常常與so far、for或者since短語(yǔ)連用。since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) /從句，for + 時(shí)間段，如for two months等。1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都能表示過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，并且表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作已完成或還可能繼續(xù)下去；2）而一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在的情況沒(méi)有聯(lián)系，僅表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，且這個(gè)動(dòng)作到說(shuō)話時(shí)已終止。所以現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與表示明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間如：in1949，yesterday，last week等的狀語(yǔ)連用，并且用when或where對(duì)這些時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)，一般只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。三、在“it is first/second.time that.

3、?！被蛟凇癷t/this/that is the +最高級(jí)+名詞+that.?！苯Y(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句中的動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；在“it + be .+since從句”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，be可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since從句一般用過(guò)去時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)能夠和帶有 since 或 for 等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I havent seen him for two years.但是，像 come, arrive, buy 等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表述。現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)

4、性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換arrivebe here die be dead begin(start)be on come backbe back fallill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) leave be away get upbe up finish be over open be open close be closed borrow keep 或 be on be in 或 be a member of go to schoolbe a student buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold) begin to studystudy

5、 get to know know come to workwork 等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開(kāi)始十分鐘了。We have studied English for three years. 我們（開(kāi)始）學(xué)英語(yǔ)已三年了。幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)（1）have been(to)與 have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在已

6、經(jīng)回來(lái)了）”，可用于 各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀保Ｓ糜诘谌朔Q，前者可與 once , never, several times 等連用，后者則不能。He has been to Beijing.他去過(guò)北京（已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （還沒(méi)有回來(lái)）have/has been in 待在某地如：They have been in Beijing.他們呆在北京。（2）終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種能夠延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，所以能夠和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連 用。 如：I havent left here

7、since 1997.自從 1997 年以來(lái)，我一直沒(méi)有離開(kāi)過(guò)這兒?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題一 選擇填空。( ) 2. Her father _in1990 and her husband _for more than five years.(A) died ,dead (B) has died, dead(C) died ,has been dead (D) has died, has died( ) 3. I have _this nice watch for two years. (A) had (B) bought (C) borrowed (D) lend( ) 4.He _his hom

8、e for ten years.(A)has left (B)left from(C)has been away from (D)was away from( ) 5.He _a league member for three years(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become( ) 6.Lihuas brother has _for two years(A)joined the army (C)become a soldier(B)been an army (D)been in the army( ) 7.He hasnt _Quanzho

9、u ever since he left school(A) left (B)been away (C)been (D)away二 選擇填空( ) 1. Have you finished your homework Yes, I _it last night(A) finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish( ) 2. _you ever _to Nanjing Yes, I _there last year. (A)Havegone, have gone (B)Didgo, went (C)Havebeen , went (D)Di

10、dgo, has , been )( ) 3.When _you _Lucy in New York?I _her for two years(A) didmeet, havent seen (B)didmeet, dont see(C) havemet, havent seen( ) 4.He _finished his homework yet .( A) didnt (B)havent (C) hasnt (D) doesnt have ( )5.Have you _traveled on the banch?Yes, I have.(A)just (B)yet C)never (D)e

11、ver( )6.Have you finished your homework Not_(A)ever (B)already . (C)yet (D)just .( ) 7 We havent finished our homework，_. (A) already ( (B)ever (C)yet (D)never( )8.Have you_ learned English?Yes, Ive _learned a lot.(A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever( ) 9.Have you finished

12、 your homework _?Yes, Ive _done that.(A) yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just( )10.Johns father _borrowed some pictures(A ) has just (B)have ever (C)has yet (D)have already( )1.My mother has worked in this factory _2 years.（A）about ( (B)for (C)in (D)since（ )2. His father joined

13、 the party_ (A)since three years ago (B)in two years time(C)for three years (D)three years ago3. The students have cleaned the classroom , _?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years.A. have been to B. have been inC. have be

14、en D. have gone5.- How long _you_ your dictionary?- About two months. A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought6. He tells me he_ China for over five years. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to China7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to Nanjing?

15、 A. How soon , comes B. How often, gotC. How long , came D. How far, arrived8. His uncle_ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the university9. He has never surfed, _(改成反意疑問(wèn)句）?10. They have been here since 2000 . (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_ have they been here?1

16、1. The old man _last year. He_ for a year.(die)12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改寫(xiě)句子，句意不變)I. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _(finish) his work today ? Not yet .3. _ you _(be) to Hong Kong ? Yes, I _ (be) there twice .4. He _ just _ (finish) his ho

17、mework.5. _ the young woman ever _(travel) to England?6. _ each of you _(read) “Gone with the wind” yet?7. Have you _(get) any new CDs?8. My family have never _ (be) to Sanya9. They _ ever _ (eat) fish and chips.10. I _ just _ (lose) my science book.11. Has Tom _ (finish) his work?12. I have already

18、 _ (read) this book.13. She hasnt _(return) her book yet.14. _ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? No, never.15. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.16. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.17. Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _ (become)

19、a large city.18. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.19. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.20. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.21. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 22. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 23. _ you _ (find) your science book yet? 24. If it _ (be

20、) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 25. She doesnt like the children _ (play) in the room. 26. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 27. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 28. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 29. How many sheep _ you _ (get)? Only one. 30. Ive lost my pen.

21、 _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)。1. Miss Zhang has traveled to Beijing.（改為否定句） Miss Zhang_ _ to Beijing.2、Have you ever wanted to visit the Summer Palace?（作肯定回答） _, I _.3、He has answered all the questions.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)） _ _ he _?4、He has found something in the room.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句）_ he found _ in the r

22、oom？5、I didnt see him last year.（改為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)） I _ _ him for a long time.6、The old man dide last year.（同義句改寫(xiě)） He _ _ for a year.7、This factory opened twenty years ago.（改寫(xiě)句子，句意不變） This factory _ _ for twenty years.8、Miss Gao left an hour ago.（改寫(xiě)句子，句意不變） Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.9、The Green Family move

23、d to France two years ago.（改寫(xiě)句子，句意不變） _ two years _ the Green Family moved to France. 10、The bus has arrived here.It arrived ten minutes ago (改寫(xiě)句子，句意不變）11、They have known each other for 6 years (改寫(xiě)句子，句意不變）They have known each other_6 years_12、I bought the bike last year I_the bike for_ _13、David has

24、 already got something to eat (改為否定句） David_ _ _to eat_.14 .I have been to Macau before.(改為否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.15 .He hasnt come to school because hes ill (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) _ _ he come to school?16He has learned English for 5 years.(就劃線部分提問(wèn)) _ _ _ _ learned English ?17.I bough a new bike just no

25、w.(用just改寫(xiě)) I _ just _ a new bike.18.We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句) We _ _English _threeyearsIII. 填入has / have been 或has / have gone.1. Harry： I saw you in Annabels Restaurant last night.Diana： No, it wasnt me. I never there.2. Sam： Sally and Tim are on holiday, arent they? Where

26、they ? Sue： To Florida, again.Sam： How many times they there?Sue： This is their third visit.3. Joe： Can I have an apple, please?Mary： We havent got any. I not to the shops today.4. Alan： Wheres Tony?Mary： Hes got a headache so he to bed.5. Steve： Can I speak to Jill, please?Lynn： Shes out, Im afraid

27、. She to the cinema this evening. Steve： Again? She already to the cinema three times this week.IV. 用for 或since填空。1) _ two years _ two years ago 2) _ last month 3) _ yesterday 4) _ an hour ago 5) _ she left here 6) _ 4 oclock 8) _ 1999 9) _ 4 hours 10) _ lunch time11. He has lived in Nanjing _ the y

28、ear before last.12. Ive known him _ we were children.13. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.14. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.15. Its about ten years _ she left the city.16. Jill has been in Ireland Monday.17. Jill has been in Ireland three days.18. My aunt has lived

29、in Australia 15 days.19. Margaret is in her office. She has been there 7 oclock.20. India has been an independent country 1974.21. The bus is late. Weve been waiting 20 minutes.22. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.23 Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital

30、 October.單項(xiàng)選擇 1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. joined to C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 3. Mike _ the story for a month. A. Has bought B. Has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You _ that que

31、stion three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 6. I _ at this school for two years already. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studi

32、ed 7. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 10. Youd better go on _ English. A.

33、study B. studied C. studying D. to study 11. You have never been to the Great Wall, _ you? A. do B. dont C. have D. havent 12. His father _ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 13. Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has

34、 seen D. didnt go, sees 14. _ you _ some more food? Thank you. I _ enough. A. will have B. have had C. Do, have , have D. Do, have, had 15. _ you _ England? Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A. Will , gone to, was B.Have , been to, is C. had ,been to, is D. Have ,gone to, is 16. -_ you _ to the capital

35、? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Have,been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did,go, didnt, was going 17. -You sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C

36、. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 18. Bruce _ how to use a computer. He_a computer of his own. He _ it two days ago A. learns, will get, bought B. is learning, has got, bought C. learned, has got, bought D. is learning, got, has bought 19. -You havent read the book before, have you? -_. A. Yes ,

37、 I havent. B. No, I have. C. Yes, I do. D. No, I havent. 20. Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 1.John will write to us as soon as he _ there. A. gets B. will get C. got 22.Look, the boy _ ! A. smile B. smiled C. is smiling 23.Jane is busy now. She _ pictures. A. draws B. drew C. is drawing 24.He _ his homework and is now listening to music. A. finishes B. has finished C. finish 25.We are going to take some pictures if _ tomorrow.