高中英語時態(tài)語態(tài)講義及習(xí)題

1、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一。動詞的分類及形式：（一）根據(jù)用法： 實義動詞：及物動詞: 后必須直接加賓語； 不及物動詞：不能直接加賓語。系動詞：后加表語。助動詞：基本助動詞：用來構(gòu)成時態(tài)和語態(tài)，本身無具體意義。 情態(tài)助動詞：本身有詞匯意義，后加動詞原形。（除ought to）（一） 根據(jù)語法作用：謂語動詞和非謂語動詞。1. 謂語動詞：在句中作謂語，形式上要與句中主語在_,_ 和_上保持一致。He wants to buy a new bicycle.2. 非謂語動詞：_,_,_,_.不能單獨作謂語，作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語。He wants to buy a new bicycle.Im s

2、orry for having to bother you.(三) 動詞的五種基本形式：動詞原形單數(shù)第三人稱過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞workputdo二動詞的時態(tài)：動詞時態(tài)是一種動詞形式。英語的時態(tài)有：現(xiàn)在、過去、將來、過去將來。從方式上看，英語時態(tài)又有：一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行。共有16種時態(tài)。以work為例。現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行（一） 一般現(xiàn)在時：1. 表習(xí)慣性，反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作。我通常9點睡覺。_.常用的時間狀語：always, often, sometimes, every day, noe and then.2. 表主語的特征、性格或感覺、狀態(tài)：全世界男女老少都喜愛

3、運動：_.3. 表客觀事實或普遍真理。 中國位于亞洲東部。_. 光比聲音傳的快。_.4. 表按規(guī)定預(yù)計要發(fā)生的未來動作，只限于 go, come, leave,start, stay, return, begin 等動詞。二月五號開學(xué)。_.飛機15點零5 起飛。_.會議明天上午9點開始。_.5. 在when, before, until, if, as soon as 引導(dǎo)表將來行為的狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。如果明天天晴，我們就去游覽長城。_.當(dāng)你碰見他時，叫他到我家來。_.他一到，你就給我打電話。_.(二)一般過去時：1.過去某一點時間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)：剛才你在哪？_.他進(jìn)

4、來時我看見他了。_.2.過去某一段時間里反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)。During his middle school years, he _ football nearly every day.3. 表主語過去的特征或性格。那時她英語說的很好。_.4. 有些情況，發(fā)生時間沒清楚表明，但實際上是過去發(fā)生的，應(yīng)用過去時態(tài)。我沒想到你這么忙。_.我沒想到在這兒碰到你。_.5. 一般過去時可與today, this week, this month 等連用：我今天見到他了。_.這星期她遲到了3次。_.（三）一般將來時：1. be going to + 動詞原形，表明確打算或確信會發(fā)生。1）表現(xiàn)在打算或計劃將

5、來要做的事。I _ _ _ _ to Henry this evening.They _ _ _ _a meeting to discuss it.2) 表根據(jù)某種跡象認(rèn)為在最近或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事。天看上去要下雨。_.這根繩子馬上就要斷了。_.2.be to + 動詞原形，表安排好要發(fā)生或命令做什么。1） 表預(yù)先安排好的計劃或約定。星期六晚上將有一場音樂會。_.展覽會將在一周后開幕。_.2） 表說話人的意志，意圖，職責(zé)，義務(wù)，命令。We are to take care of all these children.No one is to leave the room without permis

6、sion.3)表注定要發(fā)生的事。 他的計劃是注定要失敗的。_.3. be about to + 動詞原形， 表“正要干某事，即將要做某事”會議就要開始。_.注意：be about to do 不可和具體的將來時間狀語連用；常和as 和when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連用。They are about to leave this afternoon.( )& They are about to leave.（ ）She _ _ _ go to the cinema _ I came.As I came, she was about to go to the cinema.(一) 過去將來時：1. 構(gòu)

7、成： would/ should+ 動詞原形。( should 用于第一人稱)2. 用法：1）He said he would go to the north for the holiday.I told her I should ( would) return the book in afew days.2) was/ were going to + 動詞原形：過去曾打算或計劃要做某事She said she was going to to buy a new bike.3） was/ were + 動詞不定式: 表過去計劃或安排將要做某事。He said he was to finish

8、the work in a week.4） was/ were + about + 動詞不定式：表即將要發(fā)生的事。The bus was about to start. I was about to go out when the telephone rang.(二) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時： am, is ,are + 現(xiàn)在分詞1. 說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作：我們正在上英語課。_.2. 現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作：他正在翻譯一本書。_.3. go, come, leave, arrive, return, begin, do, die, lose 用進(jìn)行時表預(yù)計即將發(fā)生的動作。我舅舅就要從國外回來了。_.火車就要

9、到了。_.4. 表反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，與 always, forever, constantly, all the time 連用，常表不滿 抱怨贊賞。She is always finding fault with others. John is always thinking of others.注意：表“感情，感覺，存在，從屬，思維”等動詞，常不用于被動態(tài)。表感官： see, hear, smell, feel, look, seem表感情： hate, love, like, want, wish表存在狀態(tài)： be, exist, stay, remain表占有與從屬： have, pos

10、sess, belong, consist(三) 過去進(jìn)行時：This time yesterday, they were having lunch.He was coughing the whole night.(四) 現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has +動詞原形。表某一完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。China has already made great progress in science and technology.從中學(xué)起，我們就是好朋友。_.（八）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時： have/ has been + doing,表從過去某時開始一直進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在，可能剛剛停止，也可能還在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。他

11、畢業(yè)后一直在教英語。_.現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別：完成時表 動作完成，著重結(jié)果。完成進(jìn)行時 表動作完成，但強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。I have watered the flowers. I have been watering the flowers.(九) 過去完成時： had + 過去分詞。表過去的過去。 She _ _ 2000 English words by the end of last month.The train _ already _ when I _ to the station.He asked who _ _ the window.I found the pen w

12、hich I _ _.Mean, hope, intend want, think 的過去完成時可表示一個本打算做而沒做的事。我本想來，但下雨了。_.我本希望再見他一面。_.(十) 過去完成進(jìn)行時： had been + doing.表動作從過去某一時間開始，到過去某一時間仍在進(jìn)行或剛剛結(jié)束。他去上海之前，一直住在這兒。_.(十一) 將來完成時： shall/ will + have + done: 將來某一時間之前完成的動作，對將來某一時間產(chǎn)生影響。我將在本周末前讀完這本書。_.注意： wii have done 有時表揣測。They will have received my letter

13、 by now.(十二) 過去完成將來時： would/ should have done 從過去某時看來在將來某事會完成。He said he _ _ _ it by 6 oclock.She hoped that we _ _ _ everything ready before she came back.三動詞的語態(tài)：主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。主動語態(tài)：主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者。 被動語態(tài)：主語是謂語動作的承受者。我們尊敬老師。_.老師受到我們的尊敬。_.(一) 構(gòu)成： 助動詞 be + 過去分詞。(二)使用被動語態(tài)需要注意的問題：1.短語動詞的被動態(tài)：不可去掉后面的介詞。那位老人常受人嘲笑。

14、_.時間一定要充分利用。_.那計劃就要被他們放棄了。_.2.含情態(tài)動詞的被動態(tài)： 情態(tài)動詞+ be + 過去分詞必須阻止他去。_.計劃必須盡早執(zhí)行。_.(三)不能用被動語態(tài)的情況：1. 句子謂語為不及物動詞或系動詞be時：Something happened to him. He is a teacher.2.動詞have雖及物, 但不用于被動語I have a new radio. We have a very good time here.3.謂語動詞表示情況或狀況：This shirt fits you well. I lack words with which to express m

15、y thanks.這類動詞有：contain. Equal, fit, hold , join ,lack, mean , suit , look like , consist of, become of, belong to ;5.有些動詞用主動形式表達(dá)被動含義：open, shut, wear, sell, wash, write, read.這門打不開。_.這種布很耐洗、耐穿。_.你的筆寫起來很順滑。_.動詞時態(tài)專項訓(xùn)練專項練習(xí)：1.Well go swimming if the weather _fine tomorrow.A. is B.was C. will be D.is goi

16、ng to be 2.It _ five years since he has left for Beijing.A. was B. have been C.is D.is going to be3.Please dont leave the office until your friend _ back.A.came B.comes C.have come D.will come4.By the end of last year he _ about 1500 English words.A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned5.Li

17、sten ! Someone _in the next room .A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried 6.You must tell him the news as soon as you _him.A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing7.He told me that he_to see us the next day. A.comes B. came C. will come D. would come8.We cant find him anywhere . Perhaps he _ home.A. is

18、going B. went C. has come D. would come9.The teacher told us that the sun _ bigger than the earth.A. is B. was C. has been D.will be10.Could you tell me where the railway station _ ?A. was B. is C. will be D. would be11.We _to the Great Wall several times. A. go B. were going C. have gone D.have bee

19、n12.It seemed that the old man _ for something over there.A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked13.He was sure that he _ his wallet in the office .A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left14.You must study hard if you _ want to fail the exam.A. wont B. dont C. havent D. hadnt15. -Im af

20、raid you cant sit here .-Sorry , I _know.A. dont B. wont C. cant D. didnt16. As she _the newspaper , Granny _ asleep.A. read , was falling B. was reading , fell C. was reading , was falling D.read , fell17. -_my glasses ? -Yes , I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Wo

21、uld you see D. Have you seen18. -Jim is not coming tonight . -But he _ !A. promises（許諾） B. promised C. will promise D. had promised19. -Whats her name? -I _ .A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting20.You_ your turn so youll have to wait.A. will miss B. have missed C. are missing D. had

22、 missed動詞時態(tài)能力綜合測試1.He often_ his clothes on Sundays.A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash2.Im Chinese. Where _ from?A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming3.Mary _ to school.A. never walks B. is never walking C. walk never D. never is walking4.We will start as soon as our

23、 teacher _.A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming5.How long ago _playing football?A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop6.It _hard when I left my house .A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain7.I think this question _to answer.A. easy B. is easy C. was e

24、asy D. will easy8. Dont talk so loudly . Your father_.A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept9.How many people does the doctor know who _ of the disease (疾病)？A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies10.I _ my homework now.A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished11.It _ ten ye

25、ars since his father died. A. is B. was C. had been D. will be 2.He _for three years.A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army13.His grandfather _for thirty years.A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died14.I _from my brother for a long time.A. not have heard B. h

26、ave not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear15.Maths , one of the most important subjects_always interested him.A. has B. have C. are D. is 16.-Did your brother go to America last year? -_ .A. No , he did never go there B. No , he has never gone here C. No , he never was there D. No , hes never be

27、en there17.He_that factory since 1958.A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to18.Since ten years ago great changes _ in China.A. happened B. have been happened C. have happened D. are taken place19.Our teacher_to Beijing three times.A. went B. had gone C. has gone D. has been20.I

28、ts the third time you_late this week.A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. arrive21._the film since I came here.A. Ive seen B. I will see C. I would see D. I see 22.Last week John _ his leg.A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken23.Jack _his thick coat be

29、cause it was snowing. A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on24.He _the picture on the wall.A. hanged B. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged25.Next month_twenty five.A. has my sister B. my sister will be C. my sister shall have D. my sister is going to be26.You _her again in a few weeks.A. will see

30、 B. have seen C. had seen D. have been seen27.My parents _me to be a doctor.A. hoped B. wanted C. decided D. withes28.It_hard when we left.A. is raining B. has rained C. rained D. was raining29. By the end of last term we _English for two years.A. have studied B. have been studied C. would studied D

31、. had studied 30.She said that she_there for five years .A. has worked B. had worked C. was working D. worked31.Mrs Brown _in New York for three years before she went to London.A. lived B. had lived C. has lived D. will live32.When we arrived , the dinner_.A. already began B. has already begun C. ha

32、d already begun D. was just begun33.I will go home for the holiday as soon as I _ my exams.A. will finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished34.When _ Ill talk to him.A. does Peter come B. Peter will come C. Peter comes D. can Peter come35.My sister _ to see me . Shell be here soon. A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came36.They said they _ our answer the next day .A. had heard B. would hear of C.