名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則

1、名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化1. 一般情況下加s mapmaps2. s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾的詞加-esbusbuses 【stomach(胃)-stomachs；epoch(新時(shí)期)-epochs】3. 以y結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí) a. 以輔音字母+y, 變y為i 加es babybabies b. 專(zhuān)有名詞或元音字母+y, 直接加stwoMarys, monkeys 【Dry禁酒論者-drys , standby 后備人員-standbys】 4. 以o結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)a.加s， photophotos b.加es，Negro, hero, potato, tomato, volcano, to

2、rnado, torpedo, veto, mosquito,5. 以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)a. 去f或fe加ves，halfhalves b.加s，gulf/cliff/roof/grief chief/belief/proof/safe +S 6. 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化a. manmen womanwomen childchildren footfeet toothteethgoosegeese mousemice louse - lice ox - oxenb. anEnglishmantwoEnglishmen.【但German-Germans，human-humans】*c. 外

3、來(lái)名詞：criterioncriteria(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))；phenomenonphenomena(現(xiàn)象)；analysisanalyses(分析)；basisbases（基礎(chǔ)）；crisiscrises(危機(jī))；thesistheses(論文)；bacteriumbacteria(細(xì)菌)；Medium media（媒介物）； 7. 單復(fù)同形名詞deer, sheep, fish, shark, giraffe, buffalo, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, Swedish, Danish, means, series, species,aircraft, staff, li,

4、 jin, yuan, twoli, threemu, fourjin除了中國(guó)度量衡和貨幣之外,美元,英鎊,法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。theEnglish, theChinese,表示國(guó)民總稱(chēng)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)?！?ese, -ish結(jié)尾的國(guó)家人單復(fù)同形?！? pieces of fish 2 fish2 fishes2 pieces of glass2 glasses2 pairs of glassespenny（便士）pence (價(jià)值)Pennies（個(gè)數(shù)）8. 集體名詞A單數(shù)類(lèi)集體名詞：意思為復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)humanity 人類(lèi)clothing 衣服glassware 玻璃器具machine

5、ry 機(jī)械mankind 人類(lèi)equipment 設(shè)備jewelry 珠寶poetry 詩(shī)baggage 行李furniture 家具luggage 行李pottery 陶器B復(fù)數(shù)類(lèi)集體名詞：以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 faculty, poultry, folk, people, police等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。不能說(shuō)apeople和apolice,但可以說(shuō)aperson和apoliceman 【a peopletwo peoples】C單復(fù)同形類(lèi)集體名詞謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)由意思決定army; audience; bacteria; cast; class, committe

6、e; community; company; council; crew; data; enemy; family; flock; gang; government; group; herd; jury; media; navy; opposition; police; press; public; staff ; team; youth 單數(shù)：My family is big family. 復(fù)數(shù)：His family are all music lovers.9. 以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞 a.maths，politics，physics學(xué)科名詞，為不可數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)。 b.news是不可

7、數(shù)名詞。 c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。 d. 某些疾病mumps 腮腺炎 measles 麻疹e. 活動(dòng)名稱(chēng)billiards /cards /darts10. -表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西 -以ing結(jié)尾的詞如：glasses, trousers, clothes, slippers 若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞pair; suit,apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers。謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)取決于數(shù)量詞pair單復(fù)數(shù)。 -其他復(fù)數(shù)belongings; surroundings; doings; earnings; find

8、ings; savings;contents; arms; fireworks; wages; forces; remains; valuables; stairs; sweets11. 復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)a. 由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式前后都變復(fù)數(shù)Woman teacherwomen teachers b. 中間無(wú)連字號(hào)也沒(méi)間隔的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)，將最后一個(gè)名詞變復(fù)數(shù) housewifehousewives; greenhousegreenhousec. 中間有連字符號(hào)或間隔的復(fù)合名詞，將主要的詞變成復(fù)數(shù)passer-bypassers-by; mother-in-lawmoth

9、ers-in-lawd. 復(fù)合名詞中的單詞沒(méi)有名詞時(shí)，則在最后一個(gè)單詞的詞尾+s go-betweengo-betweens, has-beenhas-beens (過(guò)時(shí)的人或物)12. 用復(fù)數(shù)的固定詞組thanks to; give regards to; take pains; with best wishes; have words with; in high spirits; in all directions; shake hands with sb; make preparations for; make friends with; congratulations (to sb)

10、on (doing) sth常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞有：-物質(zhì)/材料：air; beancurd; beef; blood; bread; butter; chalk; chicken; chocolate; cloth; coal; coffee; corn; cream; daylight; cotton; dirt; dust; energy; cheese; fibre; fog; food; fruit; flesh; four; glass; gold; grain; grass; hair; honey; iron; kerosene; lightning; meat; milk; mo

11、ney; moustache; mud; music; mutton; hay; oxygen; paper; pork; porridge; powder; rain; ice; rubbish; salt; sauce; silver; steam; steel; storage; sugar; sunrise; sweat; thirst; thunder; water; wheat; wind; wood; wool; soap; vinegar; wine; soup; baggage; clothing; furniture; luggage; jewelry; equipment

12、; electricity; homework;-抽象：time; noise; information; knowledge; progress; trouble; fun; courage; luck；patience；poverty; wealth；traffic；waste；quality; advice; attention; business; citizenship; danger; darkness; death; depth; damage; comfort; education; disappointment;experience(經(jīng)驗(yàn)); freedom; future,

13、 goodness, graduation; grammar; happiness; health; hunger; imagination; importance; justice; kindness; luck; measure; labour; humor; permission; pressure; practice; pleasure; population; sickness; smoking; sorrow; starvation; treatment; truth; use; willingness; wisdom; weather; work; housework; poll

14、ution; *【牢記以下純不可數(shù)名詞永遠(yuǎn)不能與不定冠詞連用:weather, fun, space(太空), advice, word=news, progress, information, news】不可數(shù)名詞也可以直接加-s等表示復(fù)數(shù)，但它的意義也有所變化，用來(lái)指一些具體的事物。-Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一種食物。 (不可數(shù)) -These cakes are sweet. 這些蛋糕很好吃。 (可數(shù))-This factory produces steel. 這個(gè)工廠生產(chǎn)鋼鐵。(不可數(shù)) -We need various steels. 我們需要各種鋼材。

15、(可數(shù))-Our country is famous for tea. 我國(guó)因茶葉而聞名。(不可數(shù)) -Two teas, please. 請(qǐng)來(lái)兩杯茶。(可數(shù))water(水) - waters(水域)，sea(海) - seas(海域)sand（沙子） - sands（沙漠） wood（木頭） - woods（樹(shù)林）damage（毀壞） - damages（賠償金）good（好處） - goods（貨物）time（時(shí)間） - times（時(shí)代）custom（風(fēng)俗） - customs（海關(guān)）minute（分鐘） - minutes（記錄）manner（態(tài)度） - manners（禮貌） ex

16、ercise（鍛煉） - exercises（體操、練習(xí)）paper（紙） - papers（文件）characteradvice（建議） - advices（通知）force（力量） - forces（軍隊(duì)）return（回來(lái)） - returns（統(tǒng)計(jì)表）green（綠色） - greens（青菜）light（光） - lights（燈）iron（鐵） - irons（熨斗）glass（玻璃） - glasses（玻璃杯）freedom (自由) -four freedoms (特指“四大自由”)necessity（必要性） - necessities（生活必需品）modernizatio

17、n (現(xiàn)代化) - the four modernizations (特指“四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化”)spirit（精神） - in high spirits（情緒）custom（習(xí)俗） - customs（海關(guān)）（性格）- characters（漢字、符號(hào)） experience（經(jīng)驗(yàn)） - experiences（經(jīng)歷）l *修飾可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)只修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)：Many；several；few /a few; a great(good) many; a number of; a large(great) number of; (large/great) numbers of 只修

18、飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)：Much little a great amount of a little a bit of a good(great) deal of 修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)：Some enough most a lot of lots of plenty of Much too + adj v.s too much + nl *可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞的抽象名詞抽象名詞一般為不可數(shù)名詞，不能和冠詞連用，但以下這些抽象名詞加a/an 表示具體的事物或人honour; death; pleasure; success; failure; comfort; surprise; wo

19、rry; beauty; wonder; envy; shock; shame; regret; joy; danger; shame; pity; experience; l 抽象名詞部分A man of sense=a sensible man;of wealth=a wealthy man;of experience=an experienced;of courage=a courageous 1. Of+抽象名詞=相應(yīng)的形容詞2. of + 表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、深度、高度、年齡、顏色、材料We are of the same age. The two dresses are of diff

20、erent materials.3. in + height/ length/ size/ width/ depthThe lake is about 60 meters in depth. The rope is 10 meters in length. 4. by the hour/ by the dozenWe are paid by the hour. Energy is measured in calories. 5. with/ in / by/ on + (great + )抽象名詞 = （very +）副詞I met Lisa by accident (=accidentally) in London. 6.l 不可數(shù)名詞的計(jì)量形式：不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有詞形變化，需要計(jì)量時(shí)，可用of連接相應(yīng)的表量單位詞，并加以數(shù)詞和變表量單位詞為復(fù)數(shù)的形式來(lái)表示 a glass of water a piece of bread two glasses of water four pieces of breadv 但現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，單位詞的用法有變化two coffees(= two cups of coffee); two ices(= two pieces of ice)不可數(shù)名詞