被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、語態(tài)概述 英語的語態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。巧記為：主動(dòng)、主動(dòng)、主去動(dòng)。如：Many people speak English. 謂語：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對象。巧記為：被動(dòng)、被動(dòng)、主被動(dòng)。所謂“被動(dòng)語態(tài)”，相當(dāng)于中文中常說的“被”、“由”的句式，如：“他的自行車被偷了?！?，“這座樓房是由他們建造的?！痹偃纾篍nglish is spoken by many people. 主語English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。判斷

2、：看下面的兩個(gè)例句，你來判斷哪個(gè)是主動(dòng)哪個(gè)是被動(dòng)？ He opened the door.他開了門。 （_） The door was opened.門被開了。 （_）說明：好了，現(xiàn)在我們對被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子形式有了一個(gè)形象的認(rèn)識，但英語句子是千變?nèi)f化的，這時(shí)就需要你有“火眼金睛”了。下面我們來具體了解一下被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成。二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)特點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓（語），用be加上過去分（詞）。行為對象作主語，邏輯主語by來引。1. English is _（speak）in Canada.2. The blouse is _（make）of silk.3. English is _（speak）by m

3、any people. 誰做的動(dòng)作不知道，說出誰做的沒必要。動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)莫忘了。1. Some stamps were _（steal）last week.2. The PRC was _（found）on October 1, 1949.3. Football is _（play）in most middle schools.被動(dòng)語態(tài)須留意，P.P前面助動(dòng)be. be + P.Pam（is,are）現(xiàn)在時(shí)，am（is,are）+P.Pwas和were表過去。was（were）+P.P完成have（has）been。have（has）been+P.P將來，情態(tài)，be原形。wil

4、l（can,may,must）be+P.P進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)兩個(gè)be，前表時(shí)態(tài)后加ing。am（is,are）+being+P.P 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。 說明：別看英語中一會(huì)兒主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一會(huì)兒現(xiàn)在時(shí)一會(huì)兒過去時(shí)啥的，好像看得咱們眼花繚亂啦。其實(shí)呢，這么一堆東西歸納起來，就兩點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。歌訣：被動(dòng)語態(tài)be字變，過去分詞跟后面。說明：那么，什么時(shí)候用被動(dòng)語態(tài)呢？簡單的說，凡是漢語中帶“被”的句子，都能轉(zhuǎn)換成英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。幾種常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am/is/are+過去分詞 肯定句：Bikes are _（sell

5、）in that shop. 否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop. 疑問句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.2.一般過去時(shí)： was/were+過去分詞 肯定句：China was _（liberate）in 1949. 否定句：China was not liberated in 1949. 疑問句：Was China liberated in 1949? Yes, it was. / No, it wasnt.3.一般將來時(shí)： shall/will/be going

6、 to + be+過去分詞 肯定句：An English class will be _（give）by Jack tomorrow. 否定句：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow. 疑問句：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow? Yes, it will. / No. it wont.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are + being+過去分詞 肯定句：A car is being _（drive）now. 否定句：A car is not being driven n

7、ow. 疑問句：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have / has+ been+過去分詞 肯定句：A road has been _（build）by the government. 否定句：A road hasnt been built by the government. 疑問句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasnt.6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be + P.P 1）This clock can be _

8、（repair）here. 2）The trees may be _（plant）at other times of the year. 3）The composition must be _（hand）in after class. 4）The young trees should be _（plant）in spring.三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例如： Some new computers were _（steal）last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道電腦是誰偷的） This book was _（publish）in 1981.

9、這本書出版于1981年。（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如： The window was _（break）by Mike. 窗戶是邁克打破的。 This book was _（write）by him. 這本書是他寫的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小時(shí)睡眠必須得到保證。歌訣：誰做的動(dòng)作不知道，說出誰做的沒有必要；動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)運(yùn)用到。 主動(dòng)態(tài)和被動(dòng)態(tài)指的是動(dòng)詞形式，是詞法概念；而主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句則指的是句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從而是句法概念。所謂主動(dòng)句就是由主動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞（詞組）作謂語動(dòng)詞的句子，而被動(dòng)句

10、則是由被動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞（詞組）作謂語動(dòng)詞的句子。四、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法 （1）把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。 （2）把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be過去分詞）（根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式）。 （3）把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如： All the people _（laugh）at him. He was _（laugh）at by all people. They _（make）the bikes in the factory. The bikes are _（make）by them in the fa

11、ctory.歌訣：賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。謂語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后“過分”來使用。五、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。歌訣： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，情態(tài)加be加“過分”，原來帶to要保留。例如： We can _（repair）this watch in two days. This watch can be _（repair）in two days. You ought to _（take）it away. It ought to be _（take）away. They shoul

12、d _（do）it at once. It should be _（do）at once.六、含雙賓語的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等動(dòng)詞常常帶有兩個(gè)賓語（雙賓語：直接賓語和間接賓語），改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)將其中一個(gè)賓語改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語，另一個(gè)賓語仍保留在原處。一種情況是把間接賓語（指人）變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語（指物）不變；另一種情況是把直接賓語（指物）變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語（指人）不變，這時(shí)，間接賓語前通常加介詞to，有時(shí)加for。例如：1. My father gave me a new book on my birthday. I wa

13、s given a new book（by my father）on my birthday.（間接賓語作了主語） A new book was given to me（by my father）on my birthday.（直接賓語作了主語）2. Father bought me a new coat. I was bought a new coat . （間接賓語作了主語） A new coat was bought for me. （直接賓語作了主語）口訣：如遇雙賓語，最好變間賓。如若變直賓，be done后加to(或for)七、補(bǔ)充（1）含有使役動(dòng)詞（make /let /have）

14、或感官動(dòng)詞（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch, feel等）的句子，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中這些詞后常跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，但是在改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，則一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help這一個(gè)詞在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中后面的動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶to,也可不帶to, 但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中也必須把to加上去。如： He made me stand outside. I was made to stand outside（by him）. I saw him play football. He was seen to play football（by him）.有一個(gè)順口溜方便

15、記憶：賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪。主動(dòng)句中to走開，被動(dòng)句中to回來。（2）含有賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子改為變動(dòng)語態(tài)。（賓補(bǔ)放在原來位置不變）例：We call him Xiao Ming. 主 謂 賓 賓補(bǔ)e is called Xiao Ming by us. He found the novel very interesting.The novel was found very interesting by him.（3）沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：1. 沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的詞， 表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動(dòng)詞如 cost, fit, have, suit等沒有被動(dòng)形式，另外，像happen = take p

16、lace, break out(爆發(fā))，break down(壞了) result from(緣于)，belong to, consist of等只用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，而不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)2. 不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài): appear,die ,disappear, end (vi. 結(jié)束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（傳播）, stand, come true, fall asleep, .3. 大多數(shù)系動(dòng)詞：be , feel (摸起來)，sound(聽起來)，smell(聞起來)，taste（嘗起來），look(看起來)，等詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，它們的主動(dòng)

17、形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例：The shirt feels very soft. 這件襯衣摸起來很柔軟。Many changes have taken place in our country.小小練習(xí)（ ）1. Basketball _after school twice a week. A. is played B. will be played C. was played（ ）2. A lift _ to go up and down every day. A. is used B. are used C. be used（ ）3. Shoes _ in the shop last year.

18、 A. was sold B. is sold C. were sold（ ）4. In this game their hands _. A. not be seen B. be not seen C. cant be seen（ ）5. These mooncakes _ already by Mary. A. will be eaten B. havent been eaten C. have been eaten（ ）6. He _ to the hospital in a few minutes. A. was taken B. is taken C. will be taken（

19、）7. My birthday cake _yet.A. is made B. has been made C. hasnt been made（ ）8. English _ in this school since 1980. A. is taught B. has been taught C. was taught（ ）9. The boy _by Ling Feng. A. are looked after B. can be looked after C. were looked after（ ）10. These treasures _since many years ago. A. have been kept B. were kept C. are kept（ ）11. The garden _ a week ago. A. is tidied B. has been tidied C. was tidied（ ）12. He wanted to know if the tickets _ to him tomorrow. A. would be sent B. will be sent C. are sent（ ）13. At the crossing, a policeman _often _. A. is.seen B. was.seen C. ar