關(guān)系代詞的用法及練習(xí)(附答案)

1、關(guān)系代詞1、關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。它代表先行詞，同時(shí)在從句中作一定的句子成分，例如： the girl to whom i spoke is my cousin. 跟我講話的姑娘是我表妹。（該句中 whom既代表先行詞 the girl，又在從句中作介詞 to 的賓語(yǔ)。）2、關(guān)系代詞有主格，賓格和屬格之分，并有指人與指物之分。在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，that 可指人也可指物， 見(jiàn)表：主格指人who指物which指人或物that賓格whom thatthat屬格whose whose/of which of which/whose例如：this is the pencil whose point

2、 is broken. 這就是那個(gè)折了尖的鉛筆。 (whose 指物，在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ))he came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回來(lái)取他丟下的書。 （which 指物，在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略）關(guān)系代詞的用法1、關(guān)系代詞的句法功能1）關(guān)系代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)例如：i prefer music that/which has great lyrics2）關(guān)系代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)例如：i like music that i can sing along with.3）關(guān)系代詞在句中作表語(yǔ)例如：the house is not t

3、he one (that) it used to be.2、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作名詞的定語(yǔ)例如：is she the teacher whose hair is very short?3、關(guān)系代詞的用法1）who 和 whom 的用法：二者都用于指人。who 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。whom 在從句中能坐介詞的賓語(yǔ)，而 who 則不能。例如：i happened to meet the professor (who/whom) i got to know at a partyin the shopping center yesterday.2）whose 的用法：一

4、般指人，有時(shí)也指物。在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。例如：i have got a friend whose brother is training for the olymoics.3）which 的用法：一般指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、偶爾作定語(yǔ)。例如：the photo which we liked best was taken by zhao min.4）that 的用法：指人或物，指人時(shí)可與 who、whom 互換，指物時(shí)可與 that 互換。在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，還可作表語(yǔ)。例如：it is a book (that/which) no one really likes.4、用 who

5、不用 that 的情況1）先行詞是指人的不定代詞時(shí)例如：congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone who enteredthe competitions.2）先行詞指人并含有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)或在被分割的定語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)例如：the boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother.3）用在 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：there is a young man who wants to see you.4）避免重復(fù)或引起歧義。例如：the man th

6、at spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from shanghan. 5）當(dāng)先行詞是 i, you, he, they 等時(shí)（常用語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)之中）。例如：he who plays with fire gets burned.6）先行詞如是指成員的集體名詞，關(guān)系代詞也用 who。例如：the family, who live upstairs, are fond of music.7）先行詞如是擬人化名詞，關(guān)系代詞也可用 who。例如：you will see the worker ants,who gather

7、 food for themselves and for all the others. 8）先行詞指特定的人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞多用 who，不指特定的人時(shí)多用 that。例如：the aunt who came to see us last week is my fathers sister.people that have not been properly trained cant do this kind of qork.5、在以下情況中，關(guān)系代詞用 that1） 先行詞為 all, little, few, none 及 some-, any-, no-與 thing 所組成的復(fù)合單詞時(shí)，

8、只能用 that。 例如：there is nothing that will stop us making progress.2） 先行詞前有 only, some, any 等形容詞修飾時(shí)，只能用 that。例如：this is the only problem that we cant work out.3）先行詞前由形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只能用 that。例如：this is the most interesting book that i have ever read.4）先行詞同時(shí)包括人和物時(shí)，只能用他和她，例如：lu xun and his works that we a

9、re familiar with are considered great.6、只能用 which 不能用 that 的情形1）當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用 which例如：the pencil-case, which i bought last week, is missing.2）關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí)，只能用 which例如：the tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.3）先行詞本身就是 that 時(shí)例如：i dont like that which he did.7、介詞與關(guān)系代詞1）與關(guān)系代詞

10、搭配的介詞的確定（1）依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞所需要的某種習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定。i bought a great many books, on which i spent all my money that i saved.（2）依據(jù)先行詞的某種下滾搭配來(lái)確定。ill never forget the time during which i spent my childhood in the country.（3）根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思確定。the colorless gas without which we cant live is called oxygen.（4）在英語(yǔ)中有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一名詞，關(guān)系代詞前也

11、加上介詞。here is the money with which to buy a piano.2、關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞的位置1）關(guān)系代詞 whom，which 在從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放在先行詞和從句之間。為了 使關(guān)系代詞緊跟它所修飾的詞，也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面。the old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now.2）含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞的后面。is this the watch which he is looking for?3） 關(guān)系代詞 that 在從句

12、中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不能放在它的前面，只能放在從句中有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面。 the city that she lives in is very far away?4） 關(guān)系代詞 whose 也可以在從句中與它所修飾的名詞一起作介詞賓語(yǔ)。the boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.3、“名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞/介詞+關(guān)系代詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)的形式有：名詞 one/two/some/many/the+最高級(jí)+of+which/whom。i have two sisters, both of whom are teachers.

13、name: date:relative pronounhumannonhumanssubjectwho, thatwhich, thatobjectwho, whom, that, which, that, possessivewhose, of whomwhose, of which1.用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的的定語(yǔ)從句1) this is the thief (that/who/whom) we are looking for these days.2) they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.3) please fin

14、d a room which is big enough for all of us to live in.2. 關(guān)系代詞只能用 that 的情況1) 先行詞是 all, the only, the very, no, any, few, little, nothing, everything, anything等不定代詞。 eg1. all that he said is true.eg2. he is the only foreigner that has come here.2) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞 the first, second, third, four, the last 或被序數(shù)詞

15、修飾的詞。eg. she was the second (person) that told me the secret.3) 先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾的詞。eg. this is the best book (that) i have read this year.4) 先行詞又有人又有物的時(shí)候。eg. he talked about the people and the things that he remembered.5) 先行詞為 way 時(shí)的限定性定語(yǔ)從句由 that, in which, 引導(dǎo)。eg1. i dont like the way that you spok

16、e. = i dont like how you spoke.eg2. the way in which he spoke to us was suspicious.3. 先行詞指人，關(guān)代只能用 who 的情況1) 先行詞是 one, ones, anyone。 eg. anyone who breaks the law should be punished.2) 先行詞是 those。 eg. those who want to see the film sign up here.4. 先行詞指物，關(guān)代只能用 which 的情況1) 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 eg. the tree, which

17、is four hundred years old, is very famous here.2) 介詞后eg. we depend on the land from which we get our food.5. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般用 who 指人，that 指物。eg1. do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner?eg2. do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me.6. 關(guān)系代詞作從句的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用 which 或 whom,且關(guān)系代詞常常省略。e

18、g. i was invited by the host (whom i met) at joes house.7. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句eg. 關(guān)系代詞在定從中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。the school which he once studied in is very famous.= the school in which he once studied is very famous.1) 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面，必須用 which 或 whom，而當(dāng)介詞移到句尾時(shí)，可以用 that 或 who。 eg. this is the room in whi

19、ch miss li once lived.= this is the room which miss li once lived in.2) 含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。eg. look for, look after, take care of eg. this is the watch which i am looking for.3) 代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞eg1. he loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.eg2. china has a lot of islands,

20、one of which is taiwan.8. 限定性定語(yǔ)從句遇非限定性定語(yǔ)從句限定性定從對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定作用，使該詞更具體明確，不能省略，否則主句句意不完整。 非限定性定從對(duì)被修飾的先行詞作附加說(shuō)明，不起限定作用，可以省略，主句句意仍完整。eg1. this is the telegram which he refers to. (限)eg2. this note was left by tom, who was here a moment ago. (非限)eg3. she sang a song, which we liked very much.(非限)eg4. the en

21、glish party, which was held in our school, was good.(非限)multiple choice 1-5dddda 6-10babac 11-12dc1.the thief (_ stole the bicycle) has been caught.a.that b.which c.who d.that or who 2.show me the road _ leads to the railway station.a.that b.which c.who d.that or which 3.he (_ does his best) should

22、be rewarded.a.who b.that c.which d.who or that 4.my grandfather (_ i loved) is dead.a.who b.that c.which d.whom 5.kalidas, _ wrote some fine dramas in sanskrit, is often called the shakespeare of india. a.who b.which c.that d.who or that 6.he is a rogue (_ no one trusts).a.who b.whom c.that d.which

23、7.that boy (_ you see there) sings very well.a.whom b.that c.which d.whom or that 8.coal,( _ is a very useful mineral,) is found in many parts of india.a.that b.which c.who d.who or that 9.john (_ sings very well) is popular among the girls.a.who b.which c.that d.who or that 10.we bought some apples

24、 from _ we extracted the juice.a.who b.whom c.which d.whose11. i have two grammar books, _ are of great use.a. all of which c.either of whichb. both of that d.both of which12. this is one of the best films _.a. that have been shown this year b. which have been shown this yearc. that has been shown t

25、his year d. which has been shown this year13. the only thing _ we can do now is to keep calm. that14. the flowers (_ you bought yesterday) were placed in the bedroom. that/which15. it is one of the best films _ i ever seen. that16. the girl (_ is sitting under the big tree) is marys cousin. who17. h

26、e has a dog (_ can run very fast). which/that18. mary has an uncle _ store is in taipei. whose19. i still remember the college and the teachers (_ i visited in london years ago). whom20. the lady (_ was here last week) is my best friend. who/that21. a bite of china is the most funny one (_ i have ev

27、er seen). that22. tommy couldnt stop thinking about the boy (_ made him a fool in the whole of class). who 23. my neighbor is the man (_ t-shirt is red). whose24. he failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. which25. he talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in americ

28、a. that26. some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficult. which27. i know a man (_ doesnt work very hard). who28. i dont like animals _ have four legs. which/that29. the students (_ came to school late) have to stand outside.combine the sentencess he likes the student.t he studen

29、t gave some flowers to her.example: she likes the student who gave some flowers to her.1.i dont know the man.the man is talking to mary.i dont know the man who is talking to mary.the man that i dont know is talking to mary.2.the man is my father.the man is reading a newspaper.the man who is reading

30、a newspaper is my father.3.the boy is tom.the boy likes to talk in class.the boy (that/who likes to talk in class) is tom.4.take the pencils.the pencils are in my pencil box.take the pencilswhich are in my pencil box.5.i have a class.the class begins at 8:00 in the morning.i have a class that begins

31、 at 8:00 in the morning.6.the ball is red.the ball is under the tree.the ball that/which is under the tree is red.7.i read the book.the book is about animals._ i read the book that is about animals.小試牛刀，看看你掌握了關(guān)系代詞的用法嗎？1. finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. a. when b. where