出師表原文及翻譯

1、出師表原文及翻譯出師表原文：先帝創(chuàng)業(yè)未半而中道崩殂（c U）今天下三分，益州疲（pi）弊，此誠危急存亡之秋也。然侍衛(wèi)之臣不懈于內(nèi)，忠志之士忘身于外者，蓋追先帝之殊遇，欲報(bào)之于陛下也。誠宜開張圣聽，以光先帝遺德，恢弘 志士之氣，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失義，以塞（s e）忠諫之路也。宮中府中，俱為一體；陟（zh 1 ）罰臧（z eng ）否（pi）不宜異同；若有作奸犯科及為忠善者，宜付有司論其刑賞，以昭陛下平明之理；不 宜偏私，使內(nèi)外異法也。侍中、侍郎郭攸（y）之、費(fèi)祎（y i ）董允等，此皆良實(shí)，志慮 忠純，是以先帝簡拔以遺（we ）陛下。愚以為宮中之事，事無大小， 悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨（b

2、1）補(bǔ)闕漏，有所廣益。將軍向?qū)?，性行淑均，曉暢軍事，試用于昔日，先帝稱之曰能，是以眾議舉寵為督。愚以為營中之事，事無大小，悉以咨之，必能使行（h dng ）陣和睦，優(yōu)劣得所。親賢臣，遠(yuǎn)小人，此先漢所以興隆也；親小人，遠(yuǎn)賢臣，此后漢所以傾頹也。先帝在時，每與臣論此事，未嘗不嘆息痛恨于桓、靈也。侍中、尚書、長（zh mg）史、參軍，此悉貞良死節(jié)之臣，愿陛下親之信之， 則漢室之隆，可計(jì)日而待也。臣本布衣，躬耕于南陽，茍全性命于亂世，不求聞達(dá)于諸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥（w百）自枉屈，三顧臣于草廬之中，咨臣以當(dāng)世之事，由是感激，遂許先帝以驅(qū)馳。后值傾覆，受任于敗軍之際，奉命于危難 之間，爾來二十有一年矣

3、。先帝知臣謹(jǐn)慎，故臨崩寄臣以大事也。受命以來，夙(stl)夜憂嘆, 恐托付不效，以傷先帝之明，故五月渡瀘，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵 甲已足，當(dāng)獎率三軍，北定中原，庶(shd)竭駕(nu)鈍，攘(rdng) 除奸兇，興復(fù)漢室，還于舊都。此臣所以報(bào)先帝而忠陛下之職分也。至 于斟酌損益，進(jìn)盡忠言，則攸之、祎、允之任也。愿陛下托臣以討賊興復(fù)之效，不效，則治臣之罪，以告先帝之靈。 若無興德之言，則責(zé)攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎(jid)o陛下亦宜 自謀，以咨詼(zou)善道，察納雅言，深追先帝遺詔。臣不勝受恩感 激。今當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)離，臨表涕零，不知所言。出師表翻譯Our late king passed awa

4、y before the great undertaking founded by him was half accomplicated. Now China is divided into three kingdoms. Yizhou is drained of its manpower and resources. This is a critical juncture of life or death for our country. Bearing the late king s special fovor in hearts, hte officials at court who g

5、uard Your Majesty dare not slacken in their vigilance and the devoted officers and soldiers at the fro nt are figh ting bravely disregarding their personal safety. They are now repaying to YourMajesty what they have received form the late king. It is advisable that Your Majesty should listen extensi

6、vely to the counsels of officals in order to carry on the late king，s lofty virtues, andheighten the morale of people with high aspiration.lt is in judiciousthat Your Majesty should un duly humble yourself,a nduse metaphors with distorted meanin gs,lest you shouldblock theway of sin cere adm on iti

7、on. Theimperial court and the PrimeMi nistes Office are an in tegralwhole.There should beimpartiality in meting out rewards and punishments to officals from either admi nistrati on .Forboth those whoare treacherous andviolate the law and those who are loyal and do some good deed,the same legally app

8、o in ted officials should pass dicisio n on how to punish or reward. This will make plainthe equality andsagacious ness of Your Majestys rule.There should be n either prejudice nor partiality in Your Majestys attitude towardes the officials in side and outside the court for fear that differe nt laws

9、 be put into practice.Shizh ong GouYo uzhi and Fei Wei as well as Shila ng Dond Yun are kind and hon est men with a stro nd sense of loyalty.The late king appo in ted them of your sake,a nd I respectfully opine that all political affairs at court,regardless of magnitude,be first subjicted to their i

10、n quiry before acti ons are take n.ln this way can errors be ame nded ,n eglige nee avoided,a nd greater results atta ined.Gen eral Xia ng Chong is well versed in military affairs and is kind and just by n ature.After evaluati ing his performa nee of a trial basis,the late king priased his tale nt a

11、bility.That is why officials have elected him to be commander-in-ehief.Ihumblysuggest that military concerns,regardless of weight,be first met with his con siderati on.ln this way will there be harm ony among the troops,a nd men both capable and icapbale will each find his proper place in the camp.T

12、o be close to the virtuous and able officials and keep away from the vile and mea n pers on s.That was the reason that the Wwstern Han Dynasty was prosperous.To be close to the vile and mea n pers ons and keep away form the virtuous and able officials.That was the reason that the East Han Dynasty wa

13、s collapsed.Whe n the late ki ng was alive and talked with me about these historical less on s,he used to hame a sigh in edtestati on for Emperor Hun and Emeror Ling. Shizho ng,shila ng,zha ngshi and canjun are faithful,upright,andready to lay down their lves forhonor and fidelity.As your humble ser

14、vant,l hope that Your Majesty will retain close ties to them and trust them.Then can the prosperity of the Han Dyn asty be soon realized.I was orig in ally a com moner who had to wear clothes made of hemp,a nd tilled land in Nanyang.l merely man aged to survive in times of turbule nee and had no int

15、en ti on of seek ing fame andpossition from princes.Withand utter disregard of my low social status and meager fund of kno wlegde,the late king con desce nded to visit meat mythatched cottage three times to con suit meabout the curre nt eve nts of the countryfelt so grateful that I promitted to serv

16、e him.Soom afterwards since I received myassig nment at the time of the setback and was dispatched as an evvoy at the momentof crisis.The late king knew my prudence,and en trusted me on his death bed with the duty of assist ing YourMajesty in governing the country.Sincethen I have been worryingand s

17、ighi ng ni ght and day lest I should do harm to the late kings illustrious fame if I fail to be effective .Iwas thus umpelled to lead an army across the Lu River in May and went deep into the barren district.Now the whole south is under our rule and we have ple nty of fighters and armame nts.lt is t

18、ime to reward our armymenand lead them nothward to conquer the Central Plains.Although I aminferior in ability like a worn out horse or a blunt knife,I would do my utmost to root out treacherous evildoers,rejuvenate the Han Dyn asty,a nd move the capital back to the old cit y.I owe this to the late

19、ki ng and wish th dem on strate my loyalty to Your Majisty. As for gover nment affairs such as the augme ntati on or repeal of certain measures,or the broadening of the way to receiveexhortati on s,theyare the duties of Gou Yo uzhi,Fei Wei,a nd DongYun.I hope Your Majesty would delegate to methe task of punishing the traitors and rejuve nati ng the Han Dyn asty,lf I should fail