七年級完形填空解題技巧

1、-七年級完型填空題解題技巧一、 完形填空的特點(diǎn)是什么？完形填空是一種旨在考查考生的閱讀能力、邏輯推理及分析歸納、綜合判斷能力的典型題，難易程度與初中教材相當(dāng)，詞數(shù)在180-250 左右。文中平均每隔25 個(gè)詞左右設(shè)一空。人名、 地名、日期等不在設(shè)空之列。隔詞數(shù)越少，題目越難；反之亦然。文體多以記敘文為主，首句通常不設(shè)空。考查內(nèi)容集中在對名詞、動(dòng)詞、代詞、形容詞和副詞等實(shí)詞的理解上。完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字，不認(rèn)得字、詞語的情況下，能否通過推理判斷、綜合分析 等全面理解文章的正確意思，然后把答案填入空白處，使短文前后連貫、意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整合理。它的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)就是突出語篇，即重在文意的干

2、擾，把具體的語言知識(shí)融進(jìn)具體的 語言情境 中去，考查學(xué)生通過上下文對整體文意進(jìn)行把握的能力。二、完形填空題的設(shè)置方法1. 句子層次的設(shè)空 （從詞匯、慣用法 , 語法規(guī)則的實(shí)際應(yīng)用方面進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)）指那些只需讀懂“空格”所在句子便可選出答案的題目，包括 詞義識(shí)別，同義詞辨析，英語慣用法 , 語法規(guī)則的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。例 1：When you take your clothes off, remember to86 . Get into the habit of(養(yǎng)成 ?的習(xí)慣)taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before long youll

3、be doing it without thinkin() 86. A. hang them upB. leave them aloneC. put them onD. throw them away例 2：Only Mother s Love is true love. She gives you everything all her life. When you are a baby,mother looks after you16 . In your waking hours she always holds you in her arms. When youare ill, she 1

4、7her work right away to look after you. When you are growing up, she feels18 .()16. A. carefulB. carefullyC. goodD. badly()17. A. doesB. goes onC. stopsD. likes()18. A. sadB. sillyC. upsetD. happy2. 句群層次的設(shè)空(從語篇角度綜合測試考生的閱讀理解能力)1-指根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容，經(jīng)過推理判斷可以得到答案的題目。這種題目相對較難，但只要你能根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行考慮，一定能選出正確的答案。前制性設(shè)空：即根

5、據(jù)上文有關(guān)內(nèi)容即可確定答案的題目。例 1：It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea!It meant I had to _ in front of all the teachers and students of my school!A. writeB. speakC. singD. dance例 2：Sometimes you may not understand yourparents. One minute theyre friendly, t

6、he next minutethey re shoutingand screaming( 尖叫 ) loudly enough for the whole street to hear. So who makes them so 85 . You, probably!() 85. A. friendlyB. lonelyC. changeableD. comfortable( 舒適的 )后制性設(shè)空：指那些需要根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容才能選出正確答案的題目，即在下文某處有提示。例 1：Nobody _ him in the village. One day he said to them,“I know y

7、ou dont like mA. believedB. likedC. hatedD. knew例 2： Country music comes from _ kinds of music. One is the traditional music of tall mountainpeople in the eastern United States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West.A. manyB. allC. twoD. threeEven though you may not realize( 意

8、識(shí)到 ) it, your parents have bought you many clothes. But they re not buying themselves new things every week, are they? The simple truth is that there aremore87things to spend money on, like the electricity(電 ) bill and food.() 87. A. interestingB. difficultC. importantD. surprising3. 語篇性設(shè)空 (從語篇角度綜合測

9、試考生的閱讀理解能力)指那些需要聯(lián)系全文的情境、內(nèi)容才能確定正確答案的設(shè)空。這種題目難度較高，需要我們在全面理解文章的正確意思下才能做出正確的選擇，這種題目主要用于拉開優(yōu)秀生與其他學(xué)生的分?jǐn)?shù)，但題目不會(huì)太多。例： Sometimes you may not understand your parents .You might?not want to eat, but think of itfrom the parentspoint of view. If youk cootwo meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can youimagine how

10、 boring this can get? Imagine how your parents feel when you say youre not reallyhungry.90 , your parents are probably worried that you arent eating enough.() 90. A. In additionB. In returnC. At mostD. At last2-三、完形填空解題步驟與要領(lǐng)第一步：細(xì)讀首句，跳過空格，通讀全文，掌握大意細(xì)讀首句 :明確短文話題，了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu),預(yù)測全文內(nèi)容。跳過空格，快速通讀，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意，把握中心。生詞的處理；

11、跳過、判斷詞性、了解大意、猜測。第二步：上下聯(lián)系，逐句閱讀，先易后難，初定答案。答案要求語法正確 , 搭配無誤 , 結(jié)構(gòu)完整，意思通順, 前后一致 , 邏輯得當(dāng)。怎樣分析：A. 從空格所在的句子單獨(dú)考慮。B. 從空格所在的前后2-3 句考慮。C. 從整個(gè)段落、整篇短文考慮。思路一 : 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從語法和句型結(jié)構(gòu)考慮。思路二 : 理解句子含義，判斷句義關(guān)系，從詞匯的意義、用法和搭配考慮。思路三 : 把握整體意思，尋找答題線索，從上下文考慮。思路四 : 結(jié)合前后語境，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從日常生活常識(shí)考慮。第三步：復(fù)讀全文，逐個(gè)核對，驗(yàn)證答案，堅(jiān)定信心。怎樣驗(yàn)證答案： 所選答案是否能使全文流暢，邏輯

12、推理是否正確。 具體實(shí)事是否成立，前后關(guān)系是否理順。 語法是否正確，其中包括時(shí)態(tài)的選擇、詞匯選擇、固定搭配等。 在通讀全文時(shí)最好在可能的條件下將所選答案填入文章中，反復(fù)閱讀。四、具體的解題方法與技巧在解題時(shí)，除了運(yùn)用“前制性設(shè)空、”“后制性設(shè)空”和“語篇性設(shè)空”的知識(shí)進(jìn)行解題外，還有3-下面三種方法與技巧可供參考。（）語意第一，語法第二原則。根據(jù)文化背景和生活常識(shí)，利用上下文線索，分析并列句的因果關(guān)系，可以選出正確答案。例 1： A young father was visiting an old neighbor. They were standing in the old mans gar

13、denand talking about _A.treesB.flowersC.childrenD.old people【點(diǎn)撥】【 A young father was visiting an old neighbor. They were standing in the old mans garden, and talking about _. The young man said, How strict should parents be withtheir children? 】例 2：Little Tom wondered what would happen to the eggs.

14、Two weeks later, little Tom found somechicks _ out of the shells(蛋殼 ).A. walkedB. ranC. jumpedD. struggled例 3：It took Charlie Mui several months to save up seven dollars. He wanted to _ a modelplane and went to the shop with the moneyA.sellB.buyC.holdD.bring（）語法正確，注意細(xì)節(jié)的原則。在語意正確的前題下，還要根據(jù)學(xué)過的語法知識(shí)，詞語辨析、

15、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配等方面選擇正確答案。如：例 1：One night the dog began to bark suddenly. It made Mr Erens _ to sleep. He had toget up and tried his _ _to stop it ， but the beast wouldnt stop， and kept on _.A.go notB.not goC.not to goD.to not goA.wellB.goodC.betterD.bestA.barkB.to barkC.barkingD.barked例 2： r Evans is an o

16、ld man of about sixty, His wife died a few years ago. His children _him by then 4-A.leftB.would leaveC.have leftD.had left?（）從語法方面，根據(jù)所給答案的不同詞類，從不同角度分別考慮選擇。a.名詞的選擇，應(yīng)聯(lián)系文章主題及空格前后出現(xiàn)的有關(guān)詞，注意其性和數(shù)的一致。b.動(dòng)詞的選擇，要注意詞義和慣用搭配，還要區(qū)分近義詞之間的用法差異及所給詞的形式?？紤]動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和是否是要填入非謂語動(dòng)詞。c.介詞的選擇，應(yīng)注意其慣用法，特別是與動(dòng)詞或其他詞組成的固定搭配。d.代詞的選擇，要注

17、意性(男或女 )、數(shù) (單復(fù)數(shù) )、格 (主格、賓格、形代、名代)是否準(zhǔn)確。e.連詞的選擇，要注意分析前后句或上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。f.形容詞和副詞的選擇，要注意詞義的區(qū)別，用于比較時(shí)，還要注意比較級和最高級等。例如：A man and his wife had a small bar(酒吧 ) near a station. They often worked late into thenight ， _ _people came to drink there while they were_ _trains. At twooclock one morning ， one man was sti

18、ll at a table in the small bar. He was asleep. The bar manswife wanted to leave. She looked _ _ the bar several times， and each time the man was _ _ there ， Then at last she went to her husband and said to him， You_ _that mansix times ， George ， _ _ he isnt drinking anything?A.as soon asB.becauseC.s

19、oD.thoughA.catching up withB.getting onC.looking afterD.waitingforA.atB.forC.intoD.out ofA.alwaysB.oftenC.stillD.alreadyA.have wokenB.wakeC.had wokenD.willwakeA.andB.butC.yetD.too五、【實(shí)例講解】5-as the-【例 1】 Last year I bought some flower pots (花盆 ). I didn t _41_ them at once. One day, I wentto a shop _4

20、2_ some flower seeds(種子 ). Then I put them into a pot with soil (土壤 ) andwatered them. For a few days, _43_happened. I went on watching. On the _44_day, Ifinally saw the seeds develop and felt so _45_.Our life is sometimes like an _46_ flower pot with nothing inside. Our days are filled withlots of

21、different things. We usually don t do them _47_ we think they re not very iBut _48_we find that some important things are gone. Those things we lose in life are seeds ofhope, love and dreams.Planting fun in hearts is just like _49_flowers. The seeds of fun in hearts will developseeds of flowers. So

22、if I plant _50_ of hope, I can expect something wonderful. (2012年昆明市學(xué)業(yè)水平考試 )()41. A. makeB. useC. buy()42. A. forB. byC. without()43. A. everythingB. somethingC. nothing()44. A. tenthB. tenC. twelve()45. A. worriedB. happyC. tired()46. A. bigB. colorfulC. empty()47. A. soB. thatC. because()48. A. wh

23、enB. afterC. later()49. A. keepingB. growingC. watering()50. A. seedsB. soilC. pots【例 2】 Different things usually stand for different feelings. Red, for example, is the color of fire,heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate（使發(fā)生聯(lián)系）red with a strong feeling

24、like 1 . Red is used for signs of 2 , such as STOP signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of 3 in autumn. People say orange is a 4 color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of _5_. People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow too, with happiness.

25、Green is the cool color of grass in _6_. People say it is a refreshing color. In general, people _7_ two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and _8_. Where there are warm color and a lot of light, people usually want to be _9_. Those who like to be with _10

26、 _ like red. The cool colors are _11_ and blue. Where are these colors, people are usually worried. Some scientists say that time seems to _12 _ more slowly in a room with warm colors. They suggest that a warm color is a good _13_for a living room or a _14_ . People who are having a rest or are eati

27、ng do not want time to passquickly. _15colors are better for some offices if the people workingthere want time to passquickly.()1. A. sadnessB. angerC. administrationD. smile()2. A. roadsB. waysC. dangerD. places()3. A. landB. leavesC. grassD. mountains()4. A. livelyB. darkC. noisyD. frightening()5.

28、 A. moonlightB. lightC. sunlightD. stars6-()6. A. summerB. springC. autumnD. winter()7. A. speakB. sayC. talk aboutD. tell()8. A. greenB. yellowC. whiteD. gray()9. A. calmB. sleepyC. activeD. helpful()10. A. the otherB. anotherC. other oneD. others()11. A. blackB. greenC. goldenD. yellow()12. A. go

29、roundB. go byC. go offD. go along()13. A. oneB. wayC. factD. matter()14. A. factoryB. classroomC. restaurantD. hospital()15. A. DifferentB. CoolC. WarmD. All7-完形填空專題練習(xí)練習(xí)題（ 1）When I was fifteen I went to a summer camp. There were lots of great 90but there wasone thing I was really scared (害怕 )about:

30、climbing the wall.The wall is a kind of rock that people use to learn how to climb. It is very tall. We were allsupposed to climb the wall, but I knew I couldn t get to the top 91becausehightsIam. I was ashamed and I didn t want anyone to know that I was scared. I thought they would all laugh at me.

31、 Ipracticed my excuse:“ I m not scared, yousufferknow,fromI vertigo (患眩暈癥). ”The day came. It was time to climb the wall. The sun was shining but everyone was veryquiet that morning. I took photographs at the bottom of the wall and tried to 92 . Everyone in the group went up. Then the moment came. I

32、t was my turn. I was so scared that all I could think aboutwas my excuse. Someone said,“ Shall I take your camera?” and I answered,“ I m notknow. I suffer from vertigo”93. Thewas that I was more than scared, I wasterrified (嚇壞了).The camp leader said,“ Don t worry, you don t have to do anything you d

33、on t want todo. ” I was surprised. Everyone was understanding. No one94 .The next day, the leader asked me if I wanted to try the wall on my own,95 theothers watching. Although I was still very nervous I agreed and climbed slowly to the top with hishelp. Iwas still shaking when I came96, but Iwas re

34、ally happy and relieved too. For me,climbing the wall was a real achievement.(2008 上海中考試卷完形填空 )()90. A. activitiesB. operationsC. accidentsD. exams() 91. A. poor atB. good atC. afraid ofD. fond of() 92. A. goB. hideC. appearD. run() 93.A. truthB. situationC. storyD. reason() 94.A. jumpedB. cheeredC.

35、 smiledD. laughed() 95.A. withB. withoutC. amongD. behind() 96.A. inB. outC. upD. down練習(xí)題（ 2）Every day cars kill or hurt many people on roads. Sometimes the drivers drive too fast or do not, drive carefully enough. Some of them 85 the traffic rules and cause accidents.According to some researches, i

36、t is usually thepedestrians(行人 )who cause the accidents. A lotof road users are very careless. They walk or run across the roads 86 the cars. They walk in theroads but not on the walkways. They get into or out of cars in the middle of the road. Some do nottake the trouble to 87 the green lights and

37、simply cross the roads against the red lights.Many people think accidents often happen in busy roads in large cities, but this is not alwaystrue.88 , Tokyo is one of the world s largest cities and probably one of the busiesthowever,cities;there are89accidents to pedestrians. The reason is that the p

38、olice there are very strict and thepedestrians are very careful. Pedestrians never cross against a red light and they90follow8-traffic rules.Do you know alcohol （酒精） is another main cause of traffic accidents? It delays people sresponse. Those who have drunk alcohol are 91 in making decisions. They

39、need a few moreseconds toreact （反應(yīng)） . Alcohol drinking is especially dangerous for motor car drivers. It is notonlydrivers who may have accidents after drinking. Drunken pedestrians may put their lives indanger as well. (2010 上海中考試卷完形填空 )()85. A. makeB. breakC. followD. remember()86. A. at the end o

40、fB. in the centre ofC. on top ofD. in front of()87. A. turn onB. worry aboutC. wait forD. point out()88. A. In additionB. For exampleC. By the wayD. On the other hand()89. A. fewB. manyC. enoughD. some()90. A. evenB. neverC. almostD. always()91. A. slowB. activeC. interestedD. excited練習(xí)題（ 3）Cartoon

41、films have very few limits(限制 ). If you can draw something, you can make it 1onthe cinema screen. The use of new ideas and modern computer programs means that cartoons arebecoming exciting again for people of2 ages.By 1970, the cinema world had decided that cartoons were 3for children.But soon after

42、 that, one or two film makers had some new ideas. They proved that it was4to make films in which both grown-ups and children could enjoy them.However, 5cartoon film was successful. The Black Cauldron, for example, failed, mainlybecause it was too6for children and too childish for grown-ups. Film mak

43、ers learnt from thismistake, and then cartoons were welcomed by both children and grown-ups and7the filmcompanies began to make large amounts of money.() 1. A. arriveB. stayC. standD. move() 2. A. someB. eitherC. allD. both() 3. A. neverB. onlyC. stillD. already() 4.A. possibleB. difficultC. complet

44、eD. interesting() 5.A. not everyB. none of theC. eachD. neither of the() 6.A. interestingB. popularC. relaxingD. frightening() 7.A. onceB. howeverC. againD. also練習(xí)題（ 4）The name of Daniel Williams has been known to the black people in the United States for manyyears. He became a 1 in Chicago in 1883.

45、 After graduating, he taught at Northwestern University s medical school. He was asked by the president of the United States, GroverCleveland,to go to Washington, D.C., to head the Freedmen s Hospital. It was one ofthe few hospitals for blacks in the country2 .He went back to Chicago to help to set

46、up Provident Hospital.3it opened, Chicago s9-black doctors could not practice in hospitals. They had to treat patients 4, so operations wereperformed on beds and kitchen tables. Dr. Williams also helped to set up a training school inChicago for black nurses.In 1893 he operated on a man who was dying

47、 from a stab wound in the heart. Such a woundhad always5death. But Dr. Williams tried to save the man.6X-ray or bloodtransfusions ( 輸血 ), he opened the man s chestseweand up (修補(bǔ) ) his heart. Everything went onwell with the bold ( 大膽的 ) operation. The man7 .() 1. A. headmasterB. managerC. doctorD. nu

48、rse() 2. A. at that timeB. in the pastC. a moment agoD. just then() 3. A. AfterB. BeforeC. WhenD. As soon as() 4.A. in the officeB. in the schoolC. in the universityD. at home() 5.A. shownB. explainedC. meantD. described() 6.A. According toB. Instead ofC. Because ofD. Without() 7.A. diedB. livedC. became strongD. got badly hurt練習(xí)題（ 5）Every year students in many coun