項目三距離向量路由協(xié)議RIP和

1、項目三距離向量路由協(xié)議RIP和EIGRP項目內(nèi)容任務(wù)一：如圖3.1所示的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲，實現(xiàn)計算機A和B的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。R1、R2與R3分別通過Serial端口相連。要求：（1） 采用路由協(xié)議RIPv2，使整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以通信；（2） 將R2的S1/0設(shè)置成被動接口，查看路由器的路由表；圖3.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲任務(wù)二：如圖3.1所示的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲，實現(xiàn)計算機A和B的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。R1、R2與R3分別通過Serial端口相連。要求：（1）采用路由協(xié)議EIGRP，使整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以通信；（2）在圖3.1中的R1與R2之間增加一條串行鏈路，查看等價鏈路的負載均衡；（3）在（2）的基礎(chǔ)上，修改R1與R2之間的一條串行鏈路的帶寬，查看

2、非等價鏈路的負載均衡。（4）如圖3.2所示，在R1設(shè)置4個環(huán)回口地址，然后在R1的S1/0接口進行匯總，觀察R2、R3的路由表。圖3. EIGRP手工路由匯總操作步驟一RIPv2的配置1搭建網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境繪制如圖3.1所示的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲并配置好路由器和計算機的端口及IP地址。2RIPv2的基本配置2.1 基本配置（1）配置R1R1(config)#router ripR1(config-router)#version 2R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0R1(config-router)#network 12.0.0.0（2）配置R2R2(config)#router

3、ripR2(config-router)#version 2R2(config-router)#network 12.0.0.0R2(config-router)#network 23.0.0.0（3）配置R3R3(config)#router ripR3(config-router)#version 2R3(config-router)#network 23.0.0.0R3(config-router)#network 192.168.1.02.2 認(rèn)證（1）show ip routeR1#show ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 10.0

4、.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0R 23.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:03, Serial1/0 /自動匯總R 192.168.1.0/24 120/2 via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:03, Serial1/0關(guān)閉自動匯總：R1(config)#rou

5、ter ripR1(config-router)#no auto-summaryR2(config)#router ripR2(config-router)#no auto-summaryR3(config)#router ripR3(config-router)#no auto-summary重新認(rèn)證：R1#show ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 12.0.0.0/24

6、is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 23.23.23.0 120/1 via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/0R 192.168.1.0/24 120/2 via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/0R2#show ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnet

7、sR 10.1.1.0 120/1 via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:06, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1R 192.168.1.0/24 120/1 via 23.23.23.3, 00:00:01, Serial1/1R3#show ip routeGateway of

8、last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 10.1.1.0 120/2 via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:23, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 12.12.12.0 120/1 via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:23, Serial1/0 23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0C 192.168.1.0/24 is

9、 directly connected, FastEthernet0/0（2）show ip protocolR1#show ip protocolRouting Protocol is ripSending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 19 secondsInvalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not setIncoming update filter list for

10、 all interfaces is not setRedistributing: ripDefault version control: send version 2, receive 2 Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain FastEthernet0/0 2 2 Serial1/0 2 2 Automatic network summarization is not in effectMaximum path: 4Routing for Networks:10.0.0.012.0.0.0Passive Interface(s):Routi

11、ng Information Sources:Gateway Distance Last Update12.12.12.2 120 00:00:01Distance: (default is 120)（3）show ip databaseR1#show ip rip database10.1.1.0/24 directly connected, FastEthernet0/012.12.12.0/24 directly connected, Serial1/023.23.23.0/24 1 via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:10, Serial1/0192.168.1.0/24 2

12、via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:10, Serial1/0（4）debug ip ripR1#debug ip ripR1#clear ip route *R1#RIP: received v2 update from 12.12.12.2 on Serial1/0 23.23.23.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops 192.168.1.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 2 hopsRIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via FastEthernet0/0 (10.1.1.1)RIP: build update entr

13、ies 12.12.12.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0 23.23.23.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 2, tag 0 192.168.1.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 3, tag 0RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Serial1/0 (12.12.12.1)RIP: build update entries 10.1.1.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0RIP: received v2 update from 12.12.12.2

14、 on Serial1/0 23.23.23.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops 192.168.1.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 2 hopsRIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via FastEthernet0/0 (10.1.1.1)RIP: build update entries 12.12.12.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0 23.23.23.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 2, tag 0 192.168.1.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 3

15、, tag 0RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Serial1/0 (12.12.12.1)RIP: build update entries 10.1.1.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0RIP: received v2 update from 12.12.12.2 on Serial1/0 23.23.23.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops 192.168.1.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 2 hops3. 設(shè)置被動接口R2(config)#router ripR2(config-

16、router)#passive-interface s1/0等待幾分鐘后：R1#show ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0二、EIGRP的配置1搭建網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境將如圖3.1所示的拓撲圖另存為新文件或重新建立一個拓撲圖。在此

17、采用另存為新文件的方法，然后修改相關(guān)的配置。R1(config)#no router ripR2(config)#no router ripR3(config)#no router rip此時，R1的路由表如下：R1#show ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.12.0 is directly

18、 connected, Serial1/0R2、R3的路由表內(nèi)容類似R1。2EIGRP的配置2.1 基本配置（1）配置R1R1(config)#router eigrp 100R1(config-router)#no auto-summaryR1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255R1(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255（2）配置R2R2(config)#router eigrp 100R2(config-router)#no auto-summaryR2(config-router)#netw

19、ork 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255R2(config-router)#network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255（3）配置R2R3(config)#router eigrp 100R3(config-router)#no auto-summaryR3(config-router)#network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255R3(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.2552.2 認(rèn)證（1）show ip routeR1#show ip routeGateway of last resort is not se

20、t 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD 23.23.23.0 90/ via 12.12.12.2, 00:03:47, Serial1/0D 192.168.1.0/24 90/ via 12.12.12.2, 00:01:24

21、, Serial1/0R2#show ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD 10.1.1.0 90/ via 12.12.12.1, 00:06:42, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, S

22、erial1/1D 192.168.1.0/24 90/ via 23.23.23.3, 00:03:40, Serial1/1R3#show ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD 10.1.1.0 90/ via 23.23.23.2, 00:04:54, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD 12.12.12.0 90/ via 23.23.23.2, 00:04:54, Serial1/0 23.0.0.0/24

23、is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0（2）show ip protocolR1#show ip protocolRouting Protocol is eigrp 100 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is n

24、ot set Default networks flagged in outgoing updates Default networks accepted from incoming updates EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 EIGRP maximum hopcount 100 EIGRP maximum metric variance 1Redistributing: eigrp 100 Automatic network summarization is not in effect Maximum path: 4 Ro

25、uting for Networks: 10.1.1.0/24 12.12.12.0/24 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 12.12.12.2 90 Distance: internal 90 external 170（3）show ip eigrp neighborsR2#show ip eigrp neighborsIP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt

26、Num0 23.23.23.3 Ser1/1 13 00:01:57 40 1000 0 51 12.12.12.1 Ser1/0 11 00:01:57 40 1000 0 5（4）show ip eigrp topologyR2#show ip eigrp topologyIP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS 100Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply, r - Reply statusP 23.23.23.0/24, 1 successors, FD is via Conn

27、ected, Serial1/1P 12.12.12.0/24, 1 successors, FD is via Connected, Serial1/0P 10.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is via 12.12.12.1 (/28160), Serial1/0P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is via 23.23.23.3 (/28160), Serial1/1圖3.3 EIGRP等價負載均衡3等價鏈路的負載均衡（1）如圖3-3所示，在圖3-1中R1、R2之間增加一條串行鏈路，配置好相應(yīng)接口。（2）配置EIGRP協(xié)議。配置

28、R1：R1(config)#router eigrp 100R1(config-router)#network 21.21.21.0 0.0.0.255配置R2：R2(config)#router eigrp 100R2(config-router)#network 21.21.21.0 0.0.0.255（3）認(rèn)證。R1#show ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 12.0.

29、0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 21.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 21.21.21.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1 23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD 23.23.23.0 90/ via 12.12.12.2, 00:27:02, Serial1/0 90/ via 21.21.21.2, 00:01:37, Serial1/1D 192.168.1.0/24

30、 90/ via 12.12.12.2, 00:27:00, Serial1/0 90/ via 21.21.21.2, 00:01:37, Serial1/1R2#show ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD 10.1.1.0 90/ via 12.12.12.1, 00:26:42, Serial1/0 90/ via 21.21.21.1, 00:01:13, Serial1/2 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.1

31、2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 21.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 21.21.21.0 is directly connected, Serial1/2 23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1D 192.168.1.0/24 90/ via 23.23.23.3, 00:26:37, Serial1/14非等價鏈路的負載均衡（packet tracer 5.1不支持此功能）圖3.4 EIGRP

32、非等價負載均衡（1）如圖3.4所示，設(shè)置好R1、R2的之間的鏈路帶寬。R2(config)#int s1/0R2(config-if)#bandwidth 64（2）修改variance值來實現(xiàn)非等價負載均衡。R2(config)#router eigrp 100R2(config-router)#variance 2（3）認(rèn)證。R2#show ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD 10.1.1.0 90/ via 21.21.21.1, 00:00:13, Serial1/

33、2 90/ via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:15, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 21.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 21.21.21.0 is directly connected, Serial1/2 23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1D 192.168.1.0/24

34、 90/ via 23.23.23.3, 00:00:15, Serial1/15手工路由匯總（1）修改圖3.4，R1、R2之間保留一條鏈路，帶寬為128kbps，并在R1設(shè)置4個環(huán)回口地址，如圖3.5所示。圖3.5 EIGRP手工路由匯總修改帶寬：R2(config)#int s1/0R2(config-if)#bandwidth 128設(shè)置環(huán)回口地址：R1(config)#int loopback0R1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#int loopback1R1(config-if)#ip add 172.

35、16.1.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#int loopback2R1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#int loopback3R1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0（2）EIGRP的配置R1(config)#router eigrp 100R1(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255查看R2路由表的明細路由：R2#show ip routeGateway of last resort

36、is not set 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD 10.1.1.0 90/ via 12.12.12.1, 00:17:06, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnetsD 17

37、2.16.0.0 90/ via 12.12.12.1, 00:04:47, Serial1/0D 172.16.1.0 90/ via 12.12.12.1, 00:04:47, Serial1/0D 172.16.2.0 90/ via 12.12.12.1, 00:04:47, Serial1/0D 172.16.3.0 90/ via 12.12.12.1, 00:04:47, Serial1/0D 192.168.1.0/24 90/ via 23.23.23.3, 00:22:33, Serial1/1（3）手工路由匯總。R1(config)#int s1/0R1(config-i

38、f)#ip summary-address eigrp 100 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0查看R2路由表，結(jié)果4條明細路由變成了1條匯總路由。R2#show ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD 10.1.1.0 90/ via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:27, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 2

39、3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1 172.16.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD 172.16.0.0 90/ via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:27, Serial1/0D 192.168.1.0/24 90/ via 23.23.23.3, 00:28:40, Serial1/1知識鏈接一RIPv1和RIPv2的區(qū)別（1） RIPv1是有類路由協(xié)議，RIPv2是無類路由協(xié)議。（2） RIPv1不能支持VLSM，RIPv2可以支

40、持VLSM。（3） RIPv1沒有認(rèn)證的功能，RIPv2可以支持認(rèn)證，并且有明文和MD5兩種認(rèn)證。（4） RIPv1沒有手工匯總的功能，RIPv2可以在關(guān)閉自動匯總的前提下，進行手工匯總。（5） RIPv1是廣播更新，RIPv2是組播更新。（6） RIPv1對路由沒有標(biāo)記的功能，RIPv2可以對路由打標(biāo)記（tag），用于過濾和做策略路由。（7） RIPv1發(fā)送的updata最多可以攜帶25條路由條目，RIPv2在有認(rèn)證的情況下最多只能攜帶24條路由（8） RIPv1發(fā)送的updata包里面沒有next-hop屬性，RIPv2有next-hop屬性，可以用與路由更新的重定向。二被動接口與單播更新被動接口被動接口指在路由器的某個接口上只接受路由更新，卻不發(fā)送路由更新。有些情況下不需要向外通告某些路由，比如局域網(wǎng)內(nèi)的路由，這時可以考慮將路由器的該接口設(shè)置為被動接口。單播更新單播更新是向指定的路由器發(fā)送路由更新信息。圖3.6