Enterprise Architecture

1、enterprise architecture edward schofield chief enterprise architect for the government “average” business application age c.17 years “it strategy” has failed to address the issue (“weve got everything”) technology innovation has tended to deliver specific benefits in the short term, but a long term

2、trend of making things worse e.g. client/server, 4gl, crm/fet/scm, business intelligence, eai, web, web services, mobility local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 7 we find that the business perception is often justified by it project delivery results how do you do? it pro

3、ject delivery on-time, on budget, acceptable performance and scope delivered: late, over budget, under performing, reduced scope delivered: cancelled: sources include: 1. ravi kalakota “services blueprints - roadmap for execution”, addison-wesley 2003 2. forrester, “how companies govern their it spe

4、nding”, 2003 3. capgemini clients assessing our uk connected to. the it it has today, and the it it needs to have in the future to best deliver its business goals it includes applications, information, infrastructure, security, systems governance, business functionality and service levels .we call t

5、his the “organising logic” of business and it. we do the following things: working as part of mixed-discipline capgemini teams we define the architecture for transformation programmes and solution propositions, and support their delivery architecture consulting; working client side to define clients

6、 enterprise and solution architectures we coach clients on establishing leading practices for their architecture functions we work as part of mixed-discipline capgemini teams across the breadth of our offers we provided “trusted advice” to our clients leadership local e-gov expo | enterprise archite

7、cture wednesday, may 05, 2021 13 enterprise architecture provides business/it alignment structured within a framework, governed by a capability an enterprise architecture defines a framework outlining the vision for systems and technology for the organisation; it manages the is it may also include s

8、tandards definitions and strategies for individual services. an enterprise architecture capability enables an organisation to create, adapt, enforce, and develop its technical architecture: it ensures that the it landscape is aligned to the business vision and continues to be aligned to the business

9、 strategy and operational needs; it ensures that it solutions can continuously react to the changing needs of the business; it ensures that the emotional and financial case for change is made; it is as much a part of the business as it is part of the it organisation and its role is as much about con

10、trolling and focusing it expenditure as it is about identifying necessary change. local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 14 what is the difference between enterprise, domain and project architecture? creating alignment and coherence between objectives at various levels pr

11、oject architectures enterprise architecture domain architectures domain targets project objectives projects projects projects creating enterprise architectures creating project architectures business e.g. a citizen, a supplier, an agent of your business rationale for change “we need to service our c

12、ustomers/citizens better” “we need to reduce our tco” “we need to launch new products more quickly and cost efficiently” “we need to react to changes in legistration e.g. freedom of information” “the lack of capability of our it to support change is constraining our business agenda” what we do today

13、 business services a collection of processes or services a consumer can interact with; e.g. sales, logistics, servicing, finance, marketing, development technology services a collection of systems supporting the business services; e.g. clients, applications, data, infrastructure, security, governanc

14、e local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 19 why is “organising logic” important? consider today how you organise the following specific aspects of design and operation both for a single solution and for your enterprise to most effectively deliver your business goals. busi

15、ness strategy (e.g. powerpoint and word) budget and business case (e.g. excel) business operating model (e.g. powerpoint and word) it strategy, standards and operating model (e.g. word) business process maps (e.g. powerpoint swim lanes, package specific process maps, eai specific process configurati

16、on, bpel web services process choreography) business requirements and functional specifications (e.g. word) system specifications (e.g. package specific configuration tools, uml use cases, uml data flows, uml entity relationship diagrams, word integration adapter specifications) technical specificat

17、ions (e.g. word) component specifications (e.g. platform specific service and class models) infrastructure topology (e.g. visio) service level requirements (e.g. word) security policy (e.g. word) systems management requirements (e.g. word) etc. local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, m

18、ay 05, 2021 20 businessbusiness governance security contextual information/ knowledge information/ knowledge information system information system technical infrastructure technical infrastructure conceptual logical physical business services business processes business operating model information s

19、ervices data needs data availability data flows sources sinks message formats erds databases application solution sets application components and services functional specs use cases component design data centre desktop network distribution infrastructure components and services technical specificati

20、ons and topology e.g. efficiency, effectiveness, tco principles policies standards roadmaps blueprints patterns capability whats different about our approach? answers the question why? what? how? with what? we simplify your business and it design and operating models by defining and then governing t

21、he inter-relationship and context of specific design elements in a structured fashion and using our proven tools for detailed architecture design of specific elements. we call this an architectural framework, and we deliver this using our integrated architecture framework approach. for a single solu

22、tion there are 10s of design elements, for an enterprise there are 1,000s. we dont boil the ocean. we start with something specific and then evolve the architectural framework over time in so doing we realise “transformation through technology” local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, m

23、ay 05, 2021 21 whats the process to define the architecture? input from strategy & context patterns & reference material reqiuirementsreference architecture future state(s) what is the business & its interaction what are the info processing requirements & interaction what is services are required &

24、what is their interaction what ti services are required & what is their interaction how is the how is the business (ideally) business (ideally) structuredstructured how is information how is information (ideally) structured(ideally) structured (info clusters)(info clusters) how are the is how are th

25、e is systems (ideally) systems (ideally) structuredstructured how are the boxes how are the boxes & wires (ideally) & wires (ideally) structuredstructured which parts of the business will change which manual and automated processes need to be linked which packages & bespoke software which hardware,

26、systems software & network components alignalignalign principles for clustering principles for clustering principles for clustering principles for clustering views for analysis views for analysis views for analysis views for analysis views for analysis views for analysis principles & strategy princi

27、ples & strategy principles & strategy principles & strategy refinement refinement refinement we tailor proven “roadmaps” to tune the architecture process to the client needs roadmaps define the project plan for the architecture engagement local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05,

28、 2021 22 what does a typical architecture engagement look like? engagements vary in scale and depth a typical “short, sharp” 1st engagement is: includes: reference architecture and pattern collation & sanitisation definition of project quality plan definition of deliverable format templates and acce

29、ptance criteria what are the components of an enterprise architecture local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 24 do i want to do this? do i want to do? could it be realized? can it be realized? what are the enterprise architecture aspect layers ? break apart the problem an

30、d solution into its constituent parts, by addressing 4 main questions: aspect areas local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 25 what are the enterprise architecture aspect layers? this helps the architect to manage the complexity by breaking down the problem into manageable

31、 pieces contextual describing the architecture is required and the overall context of the enterprise conceptual describing business and/or technical architecture is required to satisfy the customer requirements identified in the context. logical describing the business and/or technical architecture

32、will deliver to satisfy the conceptual architecture, in terms of the logical components required and the relevant standards to which the architecture will be built. this does not specify physical components, such as specific platforms or software packages. physical describing the architecture will b

33、e delivered to address the logical architecture solution, including platform definitions, system software, business and technical component connectivity, physical networks, etc. local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 26 what are the main objectives of each architectural l

34、ayers ? structures the required business activities structures a required information processing activity covers the automated support that contains business logic structures the hardware, software and communications covers that part of the structure which enables a stable changeable and maintainabl

35、e environment covers that part of the structure which provides a secure and safe environment we recognise 4 aspect layers (b, i, is, ti) & 2 specialized views (sec, gov) local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 27 what are the main questions answered in the contextual archi

36、tecture ? what are the objectives and scope of the architecture? who are the stakeholders of the architecture? what is the mission, vision and strategy of the enterprise? what are the main architectural principles? why is this product/service required? local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wedn

37、esday, may 05, 2021 28 which products and services are delivered to the customers? what is the business & its interaction how is the business (ideally) structured? how are the products and services delivered? with what resources are the products and services delivered and at what locations ? which p

38、arts of the business will change? what are the main questions answered in the business architecture ? local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 29 which information must be recorded and exchanged in support of the business? how is the information structured? how is it record

39、ed, retrieved and exchanged? with what resources are the processes executed and at what locations? what are the main questions answered in the information architecture ? local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 30 what is service is required & what is their interaction how

40、are the information system systems (ideally) structured which packages & bespoke software are required and where? what are the main questions answered in the information system architecture ? local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 31 which services must the infrastructure

41、 deliver in support of the applications and the business? how is the infrastructure configured and structured? at what locations are the infrastructure components implemente d and what resources are used? what are the main questions answered in the technical infrastructure architecture ? local e-gov

42、 expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 32 which services are required to support the entire solution? how are these services configured and structured? with what component will we deliver these required services? what are the main questions answered in the governance architecture? l

43、ocal e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 33 which security services are required to support the entire solution? how are these security services configured and structured? what are the main questions answered in the security architecture? with what component will we deliver

44、these required services? case study local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 35 programme overview contract scope highlights: 7 year pfi it outsource “new world” implementation: new infrastructure throughout the council: networks (voice & data) use of a data centre new stan

45、dard operating environment pcs, file & print services migration from novell to microsoft application migration migration of groupwise to exchange 2003 multi-channel contact centre enable roaming working new website content management solution ongoing business case development and implementation loca

46、l e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 36 what was the purpose of the programme a transformation of the customer experience for citizens, business and other agencies consistent, high quality service regardless of channel enhanced service and improved cost efficiency through b

47、etter front to back office effectiveness a programme of continuous improvement and innovation to enable e-government a new way of working within the council with customers and other agencies with strategic partners local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 37 the principles

48、of the solution approach designed to meet business objectives integrated programme of people, process and technology technology and change seamlessly integrated adaptive - to meet current and future needs architect design strategic rather than tactical solution enable rather than constrain change pr

49、actical and realistic people focused plain and straight-forward iterative committed and viable engaged: committed resources re-use: technology + knowledge local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture business as-is it as-is business interviews discovery best practice patterns transition network study

50、3rd party outsource obs architecture design cost re-design risk silo applications vision cd bpr strategy vision crm business principles our approach to define the architecture conceptuallogicalphysicalcontextual adaptive no corporate standards network out of date apps it principles e-gov, standards

51、integrated architecture framework adaptive architecture have we explored all possible designs think out of the box plan transition local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 39 design principles it principles web based deployment i.e. applications can be deployed anywhere use

52、 oracle crm where possible or select applications for ease of integration to oracle crm (this was pre- selected) open standards - ldap, java, webservices, etc enterprise applications e.g. service bookings, scheduling, document management - scaleable, flexible can be remotely deployed via a centralis

53、ed data centre to maximise benefits of centralised management software will adhere to egovernment standards the solution must provide value for money local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 40 citizens support staff authority professionals users customer mgmt information m

54、anagement procurement payroll financials core services legacy integration workflow supplier integration internet security document management enabling services hr suppliers & partners schools architecture scope local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 41 target business arc

55、hitecture local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 42 data management legacy systems citizens, visitors, businesses, members, schools internet portal crm presentation integration services llpggis intranet self service erp hr debt supplier ap gl procurement location services

56、 citizen/visitor registration mis mis data integration services suppliers, partners data security security security security security security “the key components of the technical architecture” document scanning/ production document registration & workflow business workflow channel integration servi

57、ces system /service management backup & restore archive replication ar operations provisioning support change control configuration contingency security identity verification service request bookings search information disseminate information payments publications conceptual enterprise architecture

58、local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 43 logical enterprise architecture local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 44 socitm planning view local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 45 corporate gis llpg mail fax face-face

59、 (contact centre) web sms phone (call centre) back office systems citizens suppliers citizens staff other agencies recruits email applications architecture local e-gov expo | enterprise architecture wednesday, may 05, 2021 46 further rightnow interfaces oracle portal rightnow knowledge engine oracle modules filenet filenet oracle portal static content knowledgebase q&a active management of answer quality transactions: istore selling isupplier ecommerce irecruitment hr portal login security for personal data mini-sites for partner agencies and other external users .uk conte